Menthol Smoking and Subjective Response To the First Cigarette Smoked

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-566
Author(s):  
Amy M. Cohn ◽  
Joanne D'silva
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Potential Abuse ◽  
Pleasant Experience

Objectives: Using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, this study examined whether pleasant and unpleasant subjective responses to the first cigarette smoked differed by initiation with a menthol versus non-menthol cigarette and whether subjective response was associated with current tobacco use behaviors, independent of, and in interaction with menthol initiation. Methods: Data were from youth and young adult ever smokers in Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the PATH study. Results: In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, menthol initiators reported a more pleasant first smoking experience compared to non-menthol initiators and increased odds of past 30-day smoking, non-cigarette tobacco use, and menthol smoking. In adjusted models, pleasant experience was associated with increased odds of past 30-day smoking, non-cigarette tobacco use, and heavy smoking. Unpleasant experience was associated with decreased odds of past 30-day smoking. Interactions of menthol initiation with subjective response were not significant. Conclusions: Smokers who initiate with a menthol cigarette experience a more pleasant first smoking experience, and pleasant experience is associated with regular smoking and use of non-cigarette tobacco products. Findings underscore the potential abuse liability of menthol cigarettes and provide further evidence that a ban on menthol may help reduce tobacco use among young people.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of menthol cigarette bans on cessation and smoking behaviours in Canada: longitudinal findings from the Canadian arm of the 2016–2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056259
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of menthol cigarette bans in seven Canadian provinces between 2016 and 2018.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Canadian arm of the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. 1098 non-menthol and 138 menthol smokers were surveyed pre-menthol and post-menthol cigarette bans. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between pre-post ban changes in smoking behaviour, including differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers in quit attempts and quitting.ResultsAt follow-up, 59.1% of pre-ban menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes; 21.5% quit smoking and 19.5% still smoked menthols, primarily purchased from First Nations reserves. Menthol smokers were more likely than non-menthol smokers to make a quit attempt (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51), and to remain quit (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.01). Menthol smokers did not differ significantly from non-menthol smokers in quit success (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.01); however, daily menthol smokers were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to quit (aOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.24), and daily menthol smokers who quit before the ban were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to remain quit (aOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.85).ConclusionsAlthough menthol smokers were most likely to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, the menthol ban was also significantly associated with higher rates of quit attempts and quit success among menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers, and may have helped to prevent relapse among menthol smokers who had quit smoking before the ban. Results confirm and extend evaluation of Ontario’s menthol ban across provinces covering 83% of the Canadian population.

scholarly journals Menthol and Mint Cigarettes and Cigars: Initiation and Progression in Youth, Young Adults and Adults in Waves 1–4 of the PATH Study, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Villanti ◽  
Amanda L Johnson ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Subsequent Wave

Abstract Introduction This study examined in youth (12–17 years), young adults (18–24 years), and adults (25+ years): (1) the prevalence of the first menthol cigarette and menthol/mint cigar use among new tobacco users; (2) association between the first menthol/mint use, subsequent tobacco use, and nicotine dependence ~1 year later compared with the first non-menthol/mint use. Aims and Methods Longitudinal analysis of data from Waves 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2017; 10 086 youth and 21 281 adults). Main outcome measures were past 12-month and past 30-day cigarette and cigar use, and nicotine dependence. Results Youth and young adult new cigarette users are more likely to smoke a menthol cigarette or indicate that they do not know the flavor compared with adults aged 25+. A greater proportion of adults aged 25+ first used menthol/mint-flavored cigars (13.4%) compared with youth (8.5%) and young adults (7.4%). Among young adults, first use of a menthol cigarette is associated with past 12-month use of cigarettes at the subsequent wave and first use of any menthol/mint-flavored cigars is associated with past 30-day use of these products at the subsequent wave in both youth and young adults. In youth and adults, there were no significant relationships between first use of a menthol/mint cigarette or cigar and nicotine dependence scores at a subsequent wave in multivariable analyses. Conclusions The first use of menthol/mint cigarettes and cigars is associated with subsequent cigarette and cigar use in young people aged 12–24. Implications This study examined the relationship between initiation with menthol cigarettes and menthol/mint cigars, subsequent tobacco use, and nicotine dependence in US youth, young adults, and adults who participated in Waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. New use of menthol cigarettes was associated with greater past 12-month cigarette use in young adults and new use of menthol/mint-flavored cigars was associated with greater past 30-day cigar use in youth and young adults compared with non-menthol use. Initiation with menthol/mint cigarette and cigar products may lead to subsequent use of those products.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7781
Author(s):  
Akash Patel ◽  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Steven Cook ◽  
Bukola Usidame ◽  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Nationally Representative

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15–17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) (2013–2017) to better understand current cigarette (by menthol flavoring) and ENDS use in the US. We calculated weighted population prevalence estimates across years for multiple patterns of current cigarette and ENDS use (i.e., exclusive menthol cigarette, exclusive non-menthol cigarette, exclusive ENDS, dual ENDS and menthol cigarette, and dual ENDS and non-menthol cigarette) by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, household income, and homeownership. Overall, both exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette use declined from 2013–2017. Exclusive ENDS use increased, particularly among youth who were non-Hispanic White or had a higher socioeconomic status (measured by parental education, household income, and homeownership). Dual use of ENDS with either menthol or non-menthol cigarettes did not change significantly. Monitoring changes in these sociodemographic patterns will help inform future youth tobacco prevention strategies.

Menthol Cigarettes, Tobacco Dependence, and Smoking Persistence: The Need to Examine Enhanced Cognitive Functioning as a Neuropsychological Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C Jao ◽  
Marcia M Tan ◽  
Phoenix A Matthews ◽  
Melissa A Simon ◽  
Robert Schnoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes

Abstract Introduction Despite the overall decline in the prevalence of cigarette use in the United States, menthol cigarette use among smokers is rising, and evidence shows that it may lead to more detrimental effects on public health than regular cigarette use. One of the mechanisms by which nicotine sustains tobacco use and dependence is due to its cognitive enhancing properties, and basic science literature suggests that menthol may also enhance nicotine’s acute effect on cognition. Aims and Methods The purpose of this review is to suggest that the cognitive enhancing effects of menthol may be a potentially important neuropsychological mechanism that has yet to be examined. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of basic science studies examining neurobiological and cognitive effects of menthol and menthol cigarette smoking. We also review studies examining menthol essential oils among humans that indicate menthol alone has acute cognitive enhancing properties. Finally, we present factors influencing the rising prevalence of menthol cigarette use among smokers and the importance of this gap in the literature to improve public health and smoking cessation treatment. Conclusions Despite the compelling evidence for menthol’s acute cognitive enhancing and reinforcing effects, this mechanism for sustaining tobacco dependence and cigarette use has yet to be examined and validated among humans. On the basis of the basic science evidence for menthol’s neurobiological effects on nicotinic receptors and neurotransmitters, perhaps clarifying menthol’s effect on cognitive performance can help to elucidate the complicated literature examining menthol and tobacco dependence. Implications Menthol cigarette use has continued to be a topic of debate among researchers and policy makers, because of its implications for understanding menthol’s contribution to nicotine dependence and smoking persistence, as well as its continued use as a prevalent flavoring in tobacco and nicotine products in the United States and internationally. As international tobacco regulation policies have begun to target menthol cigarettes, research studies need to examine how flavoring additives, specifically menthol, may acutely influence neurobiological and cognitive functioning as a potential mechanism of sustained smoking behavior to develop more effective treatments.

scholarly journals Association between Lifetime Tobacco Use and Alcohol Consumption Trajectories and Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Diseases among Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11275
Author(s):  
Ignacio Madero-Cabib ◽  
Claudia Bambs
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Life Course

Background: We identify representative types of simultaneous tobacco use and alcohol consumption trajectories across the life course and estimate their association with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (CVDs and CRDs) among older people in Chile. Methods: We used data from a population-representative, face-to-face and longitudinal-retrospective survey focused on people aged 65–75 (N = 802). To reconstruct trajectory types, we employed weighted multichannel sequence analysis. Then, we estimated their associations with CVDs and CRDs through weighted logistic regression models. Results: Long-term exposure to tobacco use and alcohol consumption across life are associated with the highest CVD and CRD risks. Long-term nonsmokers and nondrinkers do not necessarily show the lowest CVDs and CRDs risks if these patterns are accompanied by health risk factors such as obesity or social disadvantages such as lower educational levels. Additionally, trajectories showing regular consumption in one domain but only in specific periods of life, whether early or late, while maintaining little or no consumption across life in the other domain, lead to lower CVDs or CRDs risks than trajectories indicating permanent consumption in both domains. Conclusions: A policy approach that considers CVDs and CRDs as conditions that strongly depend on previous individual experiences in diverse life domains can contribute to the improved design and evaluation of preventive strategies of tobacco use and alcohol consumption across the life course.

Abstract WMP58: The Smoker’s Paradox After Acute Ischemic Stroke, is it Real or a Cloud of Smoke?

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H de Havenon ◽  
Eva Mistry ◽  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Pooja Khatri ◽  
Shyam Prabhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Adjusted Model

Background: Although tobacco use, the majority of which is cigarette smoking, increases the risk of incident stroke, there are inconsistent data regarding the effect of tobacco use on neurological outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Several prior studies have suggested that smoking could be protective after stroke, which has been termed the "smoker’s paradox." Methods: We pooled three data sources to explore the effect of tobacco use on neurologic outcome in acute stroke patients. The first was the Blood Pressure after EVT in Stroke (BEST) study, the second was the NINDS tPA trial, and the third was the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial. The primary outcome is 90-day mRS 0-2 (good outcome). We fit logistic regression models to good outcome, both unadjusted and adjusted for patient age, NIHSS, and sICH. Results: Our pooled cohort had 1,671 acute stroke patients, of which 480 (28.7%) used tobacco. In an unadjusted model, tobacco use was associated with good outcome (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.15-1.76, p=0.001). However, in the adjusted model, this association was no longer significant (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.25, p=0.868). If we stratify by placebo-treated (n=310), tPA-treated (n=513), and EVT-treated (n=836), we continue to find that tobacco use is not associated with good neurologic outcome in adjusted analyses specific to these subgroups. An additional subgroup analysis of the EVT-treated patients that adjusted for successful procedural recanalization (TICI 2b-3) was not significant. Patients who used tobacco were younger (mean age, 60.5 vs. 69.2 years, p<0.001). Adjusting for age alone rendered the association between tobacco use and good outcome insignificant (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.84-1.32, p=0.666). Conclusions: This is the first adjusted analysis to examine the association between tobacco use and neurologic outcome in EVT-treated patients. We find that tobacco use is not protective after acute ischemic stroke that is untreated or treated with tPA or EVT. The univariate association of tobacco use with good outcome is accounted for by tobacco users being younger.

Menthol Cigarette Usage Among African Americans Associated With Persistent Tobacco Use

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi A. Kanyuch ◽  
Peter A. Bercz ◽  
Joyce Chang ◽  
Fernando J. Martinez ◽  
Gerard J. Criner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Menthol Cigarette

scholarly journals Monitoring of non-cigarette tobacco use using Google Trends

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg ◽  
Melissa J Krauss ◽  
Edward L Spitznagel ◽  
Ashley Lowery ◽  
Richard A Grucza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco
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