scholarly journals Investigation of Blank Cartridge Gun Harming Potential in Target Range of 0-5 cm

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Serbülent Kılıç ◽  
Gürol Cantürk ◽  
Gökhan İbrahim Öğünç
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Contact Shot ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Blank Cartridge ◽  
Close Range ◽  
New Research

Aim: The aim of our study is to show through experiments harming potential of blank firing guns, which are known to be harmless mistakenly. Materials and Method: Two different types of blank firing guns were utilized to shot at chicken leg as a tissue simulant; at a distance of 0-5 cm. Results of the experiments were photographed and recorded in a digital platform. Contact shot at chicken leg caused full-thickness bone fracture and full-thickness tissue penetration. In contrast, correlation was not detected between dimensions of smoothing and tissue damage on the target. We think that the causes of results that have no correlation, as weather conditions, wind, temperature, defiency of blank cartridge guns. Findings and Conclusion: The results we had, studies and case reports about this subject in literature exhibit obviously harming potential of blank firing guns for human body. No significant correlation was determined between damage, diameter of soot and shot range in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm. A new research about the correlation between damage, diameter of soot and different close range of shot can be performed in another study.

scholarly journals Nothing but hot air?—On the molecular ballistic analysis of backspatter generated by and the hazard potential of blank guns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Euteneuer ◽  
Annica Gosch ◽  
Cornelius Courts
Keyword(s):  
Correct Identification ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Hazard Potential ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Blank Cartridge ◽  
Blank Cartridges

AbstractBlank cartridge guns are prevalent especially in countries with laws restricting access to conventional firearms, and it is a common misconception that these weapons are harmless and only used as toys or for intimidation. However, although their harming potential is well-documented by numerous reports of accidents, suicides, and homicides, a systematic molecular biological investigation of traces generated by shots from blank cartridges at biological targets has not been done so far. Herein, we investigate the occurrence and analyzability of backspatter generated by shots of different types of blank cartridge guns firing different types of blank ammunition at ballistic gelatin model cubes doped with human blood and radiological contrast agent soaked into a spongious matrix and covered with three different variants of skin simulants. All skin simulants were penetrated, and backspatter was created in 100% of the shots in amounts sufficient for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing that resulted in the correct identification of the respective blood donor. Visible backspatter was documented on the muzzle and/or inside the barrel in all cases, and in 75% of cases also on the outer surfaces and on the shooter’s hand(s). Wound cavities were measured and ranged between 1 and 4.5 cm in depth. Discussing our findings, we provide recommendations for finding, recovering, and analyzing trace material from blank guns, and we demonstrate the considerable hazard potential of these devices, which is further emphasized by the presentation of a comprehensive overview of the pertinent literature on injuries inflicted by blank guns.

scholarly journals Reclaiming land flooded with salt water.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
C.W.C. Beekom
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spring Sowing

The effect of sea floods on grassland is described and recommendations are made for the restoration of inundated grassland. Turf may be heavily damaged after +or- 4 weeks inundation with water containing more than 20 g. NaCl per 1. At lower salt concentrations Poa sp. and Trifolium repens are still badly damaged but other species, notably Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera and Alopecurus sp., are capable of immediate regrowth after drainage. If grassland remains submerged during spring, rising temperatures promote active growth of the grasses followed by rapid decay caused by lack of oxygen. L. perenne is especially sensitive to submergence in warm weather. The dominant weed communities which appear on land on which the turf has been destroyed by sea-water are described. Reseeding is recommended as the quickest method of restoring badly damaged turf. The flooded land should first be thoroughly drained and then repeatedly harrowed to produce a shallow seed-bed on which herbage mixtures can be sown without the application of gypsum. Given average weather conditions, normal permanent grassland mixtures can be sown at salt concentrations, measured in spring, of up to 8-10 g. NaCl per 1. of moisture in the 5-20 cm. soil layer. At a salt concentration of about 10 g. per 1. measured in spring, L. perenne tends to dominate over other species while Poa sp. and T. repens suffer during the summer. At a salt concentration of 10-15 g. per 1. in spring, Poa sp. and T. repens should be omitted from seed mixtures, instead mixtures consisting of different types of L. perenne, Festuca pratensis and Phleum pratense should be sown. When the salt concentration of the soil moisture is higher that 15 g. per 1. in spring, sowing should be delayed and the weeds checked by mowing or grazing. Temporary rises of the salt concentration in dry symmers to 25 g. per 1. are tolerated by L. perenne, F. pratensis and Ph. pratense; similar rises up to 15-18 g. per 1. are tolerated by Poa sp. and T. repens.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Using the SUS: Lessons Learned & Forward Looking Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 2037-2040
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Grier ◽  
Katie Allanson ◽  
Aaron Bangor ◽  
Philip Kortum ◽  
Claudia Ziegler Acemyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
System Usability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Research ◽  
Forward Looking

This panel will discuss the System Usability Scale. Panelists all have extensive experience using the SUS within a broad range of contexts: diverse people (e.g., abilities, languages); different types of products; and different testing scenarios. Members of the audience will have the opportunity to ask questions about new research on the validity of the SUS in different environments as well as about lessons learned from practitioners using it to evaluate commercial products. Topics of specific interest to the authors are detailed within this paper.

Anticoagulation with Warfarin in Infants and Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L Buck
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Cardiac Valves ◽  
In Infants And Children

OBJECTIVE: TO provide a comprehensive review of warfarin use in infants and children, including recommendations for appropriate dosage and monitoring parameters. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-1995) was used to identify pertinent English-language articles in the medical literature. The key search term was warfarin. Additional material was obtained from references cited in articles retrieved through MEDLINE. STUDY SELECTION: All articles involving children younger than 18 years were evaluated. In addition, articles on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in adults, adverse effects, and drug interactions were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Material selected for review included clinical trials, case reports, and surveys of practice. DATA SYNTHESIS: Warfarin has been used as prophylactic therapy in children with prosthetic cardiac valves as well as for prevention of thromboembolic complications associated with autoimmune disorders and protein C or protein S deficiency. Warfarin also has been used to prevent embolization in children with deep-vein thrombosis or clots in central venous catheters. According to the literature, an initial dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/d should provide anticoagulation without significant adverse effects. As in adults, dosing should be adjusted to achieve a target international normalized ratio (INR). Although the target range in children is not well established, INR values of 1.5–3 are recommended for most patients. Higher values have been used in children with prosthetic cardiac valves and hereditary clotting disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its infrequent use, there is limited information on the effects of warfarin in children. Basic guidelines for initiating and monitoring warfarin were developed by using data gathered from clinical trials, retrospective reviews, case series, and surveys of practice.

The Full-Thickness Palatal Graft Technique: Description of an Original Surgical Technique and 15 Case Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Michele Paolantonio ◽  
Paolo De Ninis ◽  
Lorenzo Secondi ◽  
Beatrice Femminella
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Full Thickness

scholarly journals Electrical Impedance Tomography and Prone Position During Ventilation in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Case Reports and a Brief Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Serena Tomasino ◽  
Rosa Sassanelli ◽  
Corrado Marescalco ◽  
Francesco Meroi ◽  
Luigi Vetrugno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Prone Positioning ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases, with high needs of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It is still unclear whether different types of COVID-19 pneumonia require different ventilator strategies. With electrical impedance tomography (EIT) we evaluated, in real time and bedside, the distribution of ventilation in the different pulmonary regions before, during, and after pronation in COVID-19 respiratory failure. We present a brief literature review of EIT in non-COVID-19 patients and a report of 2 COVID-19 patients: one that did not respond well and another one that improved during and after pronation. EIT might be a useful tool to decide whether prone positioning should or should not be used in COVID-19 pneumonia.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Risk Factors for Spontaneous Closure of Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xida Liang ◽  
Wu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Hole ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spontaneous Closure ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Full Thickness Macular Hole

Idiopathic full-thickness macular hole is a severe visual impairment disease. Pars plana vitrectomy remains the primary treatment option for idiopathic full-thickness macular holes, and over 90% idiopathic full-thickness macular holes are closed by vitrectomy surgery. However, the full-thickness macular hole may close spontaneously, with a good visual acuity progress. Since recent studies are small-sample studies and case reports, the characteristics for spontaneous closure of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes are not fully understood. Here, we review the articles in PubMed database from 1999 to 2018 and discuss the characteristic and the risk factors, especially OCT structure features, for spontaneous closure of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes.

The Digitized First Byurakan Survey - DFBS

2005 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mickaelian ◽  
L. A. Sargsyan ◽  
L. K. Erastova ◽  
S. K. Balayan ◽  
K. S. Gigoyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Broad Absorption ◽  
Byurakan Survey ◽  
First Byurakan Survey ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Research ◽  
Spectral Survey ◽  
Flux Calibration

The First Byurakan Survey (FBS) is the largest spectral survey in the Northern sky. One can select objects by color, broad absorption and emission lines, and SED; classify and investigate them. The digitization of the FBS is aimed at making a DFBS database available for the astronomical community. Besides scanning, we are creating plate solutions, extraction software, wavelength and flux calibration, templates for different types of objects, numerical classification, a catalog of objects, a database of spectra, a user interface and a DFBS web page. New research projects based on the DFBS are possible, including a search for new QSOs and other AGN, a continuation of the second part of FBS, and identifications of radio, IR and X-ray sources. The DFBS database will be available at the end of 2004.

Dependence of Snow Gauge Collection Efficiency on Snowflake Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Thériault ◽  
Roy Rasmussen ◽  
Kyoko Ikeda ◽  
Scott Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precipitation Gauge

AbstractAccurate snowfall measurements are critical for a wide variety of research fields, including snowpack monitoring, climate variability, and hydrological applications. It has been recognized that systematic errors in snowfall measurements are often observed as a result of the gauge geometry and the weather conditions. The goal of this study is to understand better the scatter in the snowfall precipitation rate measured by a gauge. To address this issue, field observations and numerical simulations were carried out. First, a theoretical study using finite-element modeling was used to simulate the flow around the gauge. The snowflake trajectories were investigated using a Lagrangian model, and the derived flow field was used to compute a theoretical collection efficiency for different types of snowflakes. Second, field observations were undertaken to determine how different types, shapes, and sizes of snowflakes are collected inside a Geonor, Inc., precipitation gauge. The results show that the collection efficiency is influenced by the type of snowflakes as well as by their size distribution. Different types of snowflakes, which fall at different terminal velocities, interact differently with the airflow around the gauge. Fast-falling snowflakes are more efficiently collected by the gauge than slow-falling ones. The correction factor used to correct the data for the wind speed is improved by adding a parameter for each type of snowflake. The results show that accurate measure of snow depends on the wind speed as well as the type of snowflake observed during a snowstorm.

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