scholarly journals Aspiration Deaths Among Adults in Istanbul

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Haşim Asil ◽  
Çağlar Özdemir ◽  
İbrahim Üzün ◽  
Hakan Kar ◽  
Mete Korkut Gülmen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Content ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives

Massive aspiration of food is rare, but most common in people under the influence of alcohol or a drug and comatose patients who have impaired functioning of the central nervous system. The finding of small amounts of food material in the airway at autopsy does not indicate the true vital aspiration because of agonal or even early post-mortem overspills. Occlusion of the small airways, mainly the membranous and respiratory bronchioles, partial or total filling of bronchiolar lumen and the alveolar spaces with food or gastric content were typical morphologic findings. In our 10 year retrospective study we presented the data of 21 male and 4 female cases with a final diagnosis of fatal aspiration in age from 23 to 78 years (45.43±14.61) from the records of Morgue Specialization Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine. 13 cases found death at the scene without an eyewitness. All deaths were accidental in manner except one homicide. Toxicological analysis revealed blood alcohol concentration levels between 161 and 339 mg/dL in 7 cases. Morphine metabolites, benzodiazepine and barbituric acid derivatives, toluene and acetone were detected in 5 subjects. Aspirated materials were food in 14 cases, chewing gum in 3 cases, gastric content in 7 cases and a fabric gag in one case.The history, other evidence of external vomit on the clothing or immediate surroundings and toxicological analysis are by no means as significant as autopsy findings especially in cases of aspiration.Key words : adult; aspiration; death; autopsy

Absent substance use disorder and survival of extraordinarily high blood alcohol concentration

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s870-s870
Author(s):  
M. Gahr ◽  
H. Graf ◽  
K. Malejko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Psychotropic Agent ◽  
Gag Reflex ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Very High

IntroductionIntoxications with alcohol are very frequent in clinical psychiatry and may lead to death depending on (maximum) blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and accompanying factors as liver function, tolerance, comedication, etc. Death may occur due to ethanol-induced respiratory depression and/or aspiration of gastric content (due to an impaired gag reflex); thus, securing of the airway and ventilation are occasionally necessary.Objectives/aimsTo illustrate the broad range of clinical outcomes of alcohol intoxications and their adequate therapy.MethodsWe present the case of a 58-year female patient with depression who demonstrated a very high BAC of 8.68 g/L (representing the highest survived BAC in literature) due to ingestion of large amounts of alcohol with suicidal intent.ResultsIntubation and ventilation were lifesaving and the patient did not develop any physical or mental consequential damage. As the patient had not regularly used alcohol or any other psychotropic agent tolerance could be ruled out.ConclusionsThis case emphasizes the necessity of rapid securing of the airway in patients with alcohol intoxication and respiratory depression and, furthermore, illustrates the large inter-individual differences regarding ethanol susceptibility.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DESCRIPTORS OF THE BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Apostolov ◽  
Đenđi Vaštag ◽  
Borko Matijević ◽  
Gorana Mrđan ◽  
Jelena Nakomčić
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Chromatographic Behavior ◽  
Organic Modifiers ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chromatographic Parameters ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives

Barbituric acid derivatives have been pharmacologically significant compounds for decades. The central nervous system effects are conditioned by the presence of the pyrimidine-trione ring and the nature of the substituent in position 5. Lipophilicity as one of the key molecular descriptors of biological activity for selected barbituric acid derivatives was determined experimentally, using reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP TLC18 F254s), in two solvent systems. The influence of the substituent’s nature and the effects of applied organic modifiers on the chromatographic behavior of the tested derivatives were examined. For the studied derivatives the values of the partition coefficient (logP) as a standard measure of lipophilicity and effective concentration (EC50) as a measure of acute toxicity for different test organisms were calculated applying the appropriate software packages. Dependence between the chromatographic parameters as assumed measures of lipophilicity and the software-derived biological activity parameters of the studied barbituric acid derivatives were studied by linear regression analysis.

The Effect of Barbituric Acid Derivatives on Platelet Function in Vitro and in Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
J. Heinz Joist ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cazenave ◽  
J. Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives

SummarySodium pentobarbital (SPB) and three other barbituric acid derivatives were found to inhibit platelet function in vitro. SPB had no effect on the primary response to ADP of platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or washed platelets but inhibited secondary aggregation induced by ADP in human PRP. The drug inhibited both phases of aggregation induced by epinephrine. SPB suppressed aggregation and the release reaction induced by collagen or low concentrations of thrombin, and platelet adherence to collagen-coated glass tubes. The inhibition by SPB of platelet aggregation was readily reversible and isotopically labeled SPB did not become firmly bound to platelets. No inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, or thrombin could be detected in PRP obtained from rabbits after induction of SPB-anesthesia.

The Importance of Alcohol Testing by Gas Chromatography vs the Cordebard Classical Method Modified in the Medico Legal Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2407-2410
Author(s):  
Dan Perju Dumbrava ◽  
Carmen Corina Radu ◽  
Sofia David ◽  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Catalin Jan Iov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Alcohol Testing ◽  
Living Person

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates as Potential α-glucosidase Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momin Khan ◽  
Sehrish Khan ◽  
Amir Ul Mulk ◽  
Anis Ur Rahman ◽  
Abdul Wadood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives

Background:Barbituric acid derivatives are a versatile group of compounds which are identified as potential pharmacophores for the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. They are also used as anesthetics and have sound effects on the motor and sensory functions. Barbiturates are malonylurea derivatives with a variety of substituents at C-5 position showing resemblance with nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds like thiouracil which exhibited potent anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, barbituric acid derivatives have also received great interest for applications in nanoscience.Objective:Synthesis of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates, biological evaluation as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors and molecular modeling.Methods:In the present study, N,N-Diethylthiobarbituric acid derivatives were synthesized by refluxing of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid and different aromatic aldehydes in distilled water. In a typical reaction; a mixture of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid 0.20 g (1 mmol) and 5-bromo-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde 0.199 g (1 mmol) mixed in 10 mL distilled water and reflux for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the corresponding product 1 was filtered and dried and yield calculated. It was crystallized from ethanol. The structures of synthesized compounds 1-25 were carried out by using 1H, 13C NMR, EI spectroscopy and CHN analysis used for the determination of their structures. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed as given by Chapdelaine et al., with slight modifications and optimization.Results:Our newly synthesized compounds showed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibition and at least four of them were found as potent inhibitors. Compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values (Mean±SEM) of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively, as compared to standard acarbose (IC50, 38.25 ± 0.12 µM).Conclusion:Our present study has shown that compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively. The studies were supported by in silico data analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Anionic and Cationic Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System on Electrical Properties of Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes: Experiment and Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2270
Author(s):  
Joanna Kotyńska ◽  
Monika Naumowicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Charge Density ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Adsorption Equilibria ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Interactions between phospholipid membranes and selected drugs affecting the central nervous system (CNS) were investigated. Small, unilamellar liposomes were used as biomimetic cell membrane models. Microelectrophoretic experiments on two-component liposomes were performed using the electrophoretic light scattering technique (ELS). The effect of both positively (perphenazine, PF) and negatively (barbituric acid, BA) charged drugs on zwitterionic L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes were analyzed. Experimental membrane surface charge density (d) data were determined as a function of pH. Quantitative descriptions of the adsorption equilibria formed due to the binding of solution ions to analyzed two-component membranes are presented. Binding constants of the solution ions with perphenazine and barbituric acid-modified membranes were determined. The results of our research show that both charged drugs change surface charge density values of phosphatidylcholine membranes. It can be concluded that perphenazine and barbituric acid are located near the membrane surface, interacting electrostatically with phosphatidylcholine polar heads.

scholarly journals Chemo and regioselective serendipitous electrochemically initiated spirocyclization of caffeic acid esters with barbituric acid derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Alizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei ◽  
Mitra Fakhari ◽  
Gisya Abdi ◽  
Sohrab Ghouzivand
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid Esters ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives ◽  
Acid Esters
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