scholarly journals Morphological Changes Induced by Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation in Thyroid Nodules – a Preclinical Ex Vivo Investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Igor Branovan ◽  
◽  
Mikhail Fridman ◽  
Maxim Lushchyk ◽  
Valentina Drozd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Recently, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of thyroid nodules. However, immediate morphological changes associated with bipolar devices are poorly shown. Aims: To present the results of analysis of gross and microscopic alterations in human thyroid tissue induced by RFA delivered through the application of the original patented device. Materials and methods: In total, there were 37 surgically removed thyroid glands in females aged 32–67 at presentation: 16 nodules were follicular adenoma (labelled as ‘parenchymal’ solid benign nodules) and adenomatous colloid goitre was represented by 21 cases. The thyroid gland was routinely processed and the nodules were sliced into two parts – one was a subject for histological routine processing according to the principles that universally apply in surgical pathology, the other one was used for the RFA procedure. Results: No significant difference in size reduction between parenchymal and colloid nodules was revealed (p>0.1, t-test) straight after the treatment. In addition, RFA equally effectively induced necrosis in follicular adenoma and adenomatous colloid goitre (p>0.1, analysis of variance test). As expected, tumour size correlated with size reduction (the smaller the size of the nodule, the greater percentage of the nodule volume that was ablated): r=−0.48 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results make it possible to move fromex vivoexperiments to clinical practice.

scholarly journals A comprehensive mass spectral library for human thyroid tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoting Sun ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Weigang Ge ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid

Thyroid nodules occur in about 60% of the population. Current diagnostic strategies, however, often fail at distinguishing malignant nodules before surgery, thus leading to unnecessary, invasive treatments. As proteins are involved in all physio/pathological processes, a proteome investigation of biopsied nodules may help correctly classify and identify malignant nodules and discover therapeutic targets. Quantitative mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition (DIA) enables highly reproducible and rapid throughput investigation of proteomes. An exhaustive spectral library of thyroid nodules is essential for DIA yet still unavailable. This study presents a comprehensive thyroid spectral library covering five types of thyroid tissue: multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and normal thyroid tissue. Our library includes 925,330 transition groups, 157,548 peptide precursors, 121,960 peptides, 9941 protein groups, and 9826 proteins from proteotypic peptides. This library resource was evaluated using three papillary thyroid carcinoma samples and their corresponding adjacent normal thyroid tissue, leading to effective quantification of up to 7863 proteins from biopsy-level thyroid tissues.

The Place of Elastography in Evaluating the Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228-1234
Author(s):  
Ufuk O. Idiz ◽  
Erhan Aysan ◽  
Leyla Elmas ◽  
Seyma Yildiz ◽  
Huseyin Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The usage of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy and elastography to treat thyroid nodules has been increasing recently. Elastography specifically measures the stiffness of tissue using ultra-sonography (US). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the elastography values of thyroid nodules and the efficacy of RFA therapy. Ultrasonography was performed on 49 patients who had a thyroid nodule with a diameter of 1 cm or greater before RFA therapy. The RFA was performed under local anesthesia, and elastography was used to measure the stiffness of the normal thyroid tissue, sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and thyroid nodules three months after RFA. The nodule diameter significantly decreased three months after RFA (P < 0.05). According to a cross-evaluation of the mean elastography rates, the thyroid/SCM and nodule/thyroid elastography rates had an inverse relationship (P: 0.009). However, the thyroid/ SCM elastography rates and nodule/SCM elastography rates (P: 0.022) and the thyroid/SCM elastography rates and the rates of reduction (%) of the nodule diameter before and three months after RFA (P: 0.016) had positive relationships. In conclusion, RFA therapy is more effective in patients with thyroid nodules if there are high thyroid tissue/SCM rates in elastography.

scholarly journals Sonographic assessment of thyroid gland in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa Elzakil ◽  
Awadia Gareeballah ◽  
Moawia Gameraddin ◽  
Mowada Burai ◽  
Fathelrehman Alagab
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid gland morphology and disorders were affected with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The study aims to assess thyroid gland disorders and morphology in patients with CKD on regular hemodialysis.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study included 71 participants divided into two groups. The study group included 51 patients with known chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and healthy group included 20 participants. The exclusion criteria were thyroid disorders. The thyroid gland was scanned with ultrasound using a 7 MHz probe.Results: The thyroid is enlarged in 21.57% of patients and heterogeneous echotexture in 31.4%. The prevalence of thyroid nodules and cysts were 9.8% and 7.8% respectively. A positive linear correlation existed between duration of hemodialysis and thyroid volume. Thyroid volume and echotexture were significantly increased with duration of hemodialysis (p = .001 and .00 respectively). Thyroid nodules and cysts were not significantly correlated with duration of hemodialysis (p = .06 and .28 respectively).Conclusions: In conclusion, enlargement of thyroid gland and heterogeneity of thyroid tissue were the most common morphological changes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The prevalence increased with longer duration of hemodialysis. Periodic ultrasound assessment of thyroid volume and texture are recommended in hemodialyzed patients to avoid complications.

Bromocriptine therapy as pre-operative adjunct of non-functional pituitary macroadenomas

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Zárate ◽  
Carlos Morán ◽  
Enrique Klériga ◽  
Mauro Loyo ◽  
Amador González-Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Visual Field Examination ◽  
Surgical Cure ◽  
Size Diminution ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenomas

Abstract. Although bromocriptine administration produces reduction in size of prolactinomas, its effect upon non-functional pituitary adenomas is still uncertain. Nine patients with macroadenomas, 2 of them with prolactinomas and 7 with non-functional tumours, received bromocriptine prior to transsphenoidal surgery. Size reduction of tumour mass was assessed by computerized tomography and by visual field examination before and following bromocriptine treatment. There were no signs of size diminution or pathological changes in the nonfunctional adenomas treated pharmacologically during 15 to 360 days. Both patients with prolactinomas had radiological evidence of size reduction and morphological changes on microscopic examination. These 2 patients had tumours with prolactin granules (immunocytochemistry) and adenoma cells showed reduced cytoplasmatic, nuclear and nucleolar areas. Neither vascular damage, cell necrosis, nor infarction was observed by electron microscopy. Patients with non-functional tumours as determined by immunocytochemistry and hormone production did not benefit from bromocriptine. The suggestion that bromocriptine can be used as primary treatment for non-functional pituitary tumours is not supported by the present study. Conversely, in cases of macroprolactinoma, bromocriptine is a useful pre-operative adjunct when surgery is planned and for those patients in whom a surgical cure is considered difficult owing to the tumour size.

scholarly journals OR18-07 Laser Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Non-Functioning Thyroid Nodules: Six-Month Results of a Randomised, Parallel, Open-Label, Trial (Lara Trial)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cesareo ◽  
Claudio Maurizio Pacella ◽  
Valerio Pasqualini ◽  
Giuseppe Campagna ◽  
Mario Iozzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nodule Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
One Year

Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Up to now, there are no direct prospective studies comparing Laser (LA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). We aimed to compare, in a head- to-head clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of both techniques in a population affected by solid or predominantly solid benign non-functioning thyroid nodules (BNTN). Methods. LARA is a six-month, single-use, randomized, superiority, open-label, parallel trial. We enrolled subjects with a solitary BNTN or dominant nodule characterized by pressure symptoms/cosmetic problems or patients without symptoms who experienced a volume increase &gt;20% in one year. Nodules underwent core needle biopsy (CNB) to evaluate the histological architecture. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive treatment with either LA or RFA. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the difference in nodule volume reduction between the RF and the LA group at six months. Moreover, we aimed to assess the differences between groups in the rate of nodules with greater than 50% base volume reduction (successful rate) at six months after treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov: number NCT02714946. Findings: From January 2016 to November 2018, 60 patients were randomly assigned (30 participants per group). In the whole study population, the average volume of nodules was 25 ml. The two groups were similar in terms of basal nodule volume, thyroid function, histology, symptoms/cosmetic score and procedure time. At six months, participants in the RFA group showed a reduction volume of 64·3% (95% CI: 57·5% - 71·2%) compared to 53·2% (95% CI: 47·2% - 59·2%) in the LA group (p= 0·015) and this difference was also confirmed in a linear regression model adjusted for age, baseline volume and proportion of cellular component (Laser vs. RFA percent change Delta= -12·8, P=0·018).We have not recorded any significant difference in terms of successful rate at six months after treatment between the two groups (86·7% in the RFA vs 66·7% in the LA, p=0·127). At six months, both symptoms and cosmetic scores improved (compressive symptom score: 2·13 vs 3·9 for RFA, p &lt; 0·001; 2·4 vs. 3·87 for LA, p &lt; 0·001; cosmetic score: 1·65 vs 2·2 for RFA p &lt;0·001, 1·85 vs 2·2 for LA p &lt;0·001) without any statistically significant difference between the two groups. No statistical difference between the two groups was detected at six months as regards the TSH level. High rate of cellularity negatively affects the volume reduction in RFA group (r coefficient -0·41, p=0·034) while histological features did not affect the efficacy of the LA. The adverse event rates were 37% and 43% for RFA and LA, respectively, with no requirement for hospitalization. Interpretation: Both techniques are very effective in reducing the volume of thyroid nodules. RFA appears to be more effective than LA, but both techniques showed no difference in terms of success rate six months after treatment. The safety of the two techniques is very satisfactory.

Receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone in normal and pathological human thyroid tissues

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kermode ◽  
C. J. Edmonds ◽  
M. E. Morgans
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Bovine Tsh

ABSTRACT The receptors for TSH have been studied in human thyroid tissue to assess their density and binding characteristics in various disease states. A single set of similar independent receptors appeared to be present in both healthy and pathological thyroid tissue. Their binding affinity for bovine TSH averaged 1·1 × 1010l/mol in healthy tissue and, with the exception of papillary carcinoma which showed some reduction, was not significantly altered in the various disease states studied. No receptors with low binding affinity were found. The number of receptors was significantly greater in toxic diffuse goitre and in hyperfunctioning follicular adenoma (but these tissues came from patients given antithyroid drugs and often iodine preoperatively), and was reduced in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the number of receptors was similar to or greater than in normal tissue, but in undifferentiated and medullary carcinoma, and in lymphoma of the thyroid, receptors were completely absent. Tracer-binding data obtained with human TSH were uniformly lower than the corresponding data obtained with bovine TSH, but showed an analogous pattern of differences amongst the various normal and pathological tissues. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 369–374

scholarly journals Differential regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 8 expression in thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Badziong ◽  
Saskia Ting ◽  
Sarah Synoracki ◽  
Vera Tiedje ◽  
Klaudia Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Variable Expression

Objective Thyroid hormone (TH) transporters are expressed in thyrocytes and most play a role in TH release. We asked whether expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and the L-type amino acid transporters LAT2 and LAT4 is changed with thyrocyte dedifferentiation and in hyperfunctioning thyroid tissues. Design and methods Protein expression and localization of transporters was determined by immunohistochemistry in human thyroid specimen including normal thyroid tissue (NT, n = 19), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 44), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, n = 45), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 40), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n = 40) and Graves’ disease (GD, n = 50) by calculating the ‘hybrid’ (H) score. Regulation of transporter expression was investigated in the rat follicular thyroid cell line PCCL3 under basal and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) conditions. Results MCT8 and LAT4 were localized at the plasma membrane, while LAT2 transporter showed cytoplasmic localization. MCT8 expression was downregulated in benign and malignant thyroid tumours as compared to NT. In contrast, significant upregulation of MCT8, LAT2 and LAT4 was found in GD. Furthermore, a stronger expression of MCT8 was demonstrated in PCCL3 cells after TSH stimulation. Conclusions Downregulation of MCT8 in thyroid cancers qualifies MCT8 as a marker of thyroid differentiation. The more variable expression of LATs in distinct thyroid malignancies may be linked with other transporter properties relevant to altered metabolism in cancer cells, i.e. amino acid transport. Consistent upregulation of MCT8 in GD is in line with increased TH release in hyperthyroidism, an assumption supported by our in vitro results showing TSH-dependent upregulation of MCT8.

Integrins in thyroid tissue: upregulation of alpha2beta1 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

1998 ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dahlman ◽  
L Grimelius ◽  
G Wallin ◽  
K Rubin ◽  
K Westermark
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Integrin Beta1 ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
E Cadherin

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the integrin pattern in the normal thyroid gland and in different pathological disorders including malignant tumors, because the aggressiveness of several malignant tumors correlates with alterations in the expression of one or more integrins. DESIGN: We examined the expression of integrins and E-cadherin immunohistochemically in a large and well-defined sample of normal and pathological human thyroid tissue. METHODS: Cryosections of 58 thyroid tissue specimens from normal tissue, thyrotoxicosis, nodular goiter, oxyphilic adenoma, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma, and three lymph node metastases were investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the integrin beta1-, beta4-, alpha1-, alpha2-, alpha3-, alpha5- and alpha6-subunits, or E-cadherin. RESULTS: All thyroid epithelial cells expressed integrin beta1- and alpha3-subunits. Immunostaining of the beta4-subunit and the alpha6-subunits was found only in tumors. The staining pattern in the three lymph node metastases from papillary carcinomas did not differ from that in their primaries. Anaplastic carcinomas demonstrated neoexpression of the integrin alpha2-subunit. E-cadherin was detected in all tissues except anaplastic carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Neoexpression of alpha6beta4 was seen in most malignant tumors, whereas alpha2 was exclusively found in anaplastic carcinomas. In the latter, a loss of E-cadherin expression was also seen. These changes in cell adhesion molecule expression strongly suggest an association with the acquisition of proliferative and invasive properties.

scholarly journals Increased expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 3 and 4 in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules

2004 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Voigt ◽  
HP Holzapfel ◽  
S Meyer ◽  
R Paschke
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases such as arterial hypertension, heart failure and rheumatoid arthritis. While G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 and 5 have been shown to be involved in the desensitization of the rat thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), their role in the pathophysiology of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules (HTNs) is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the expression pattern of the known GRKs in human thyroid tissue and investigated their function in the pathology of HTNs. The expression of different GRKs in human thyroid and HTNs was measured by Western blotting. The influence of GRK expression on TSHR function was analyzed by coexpression experiments in HEK 293 cells. We demonstrate that in addition to GRKs 2, 5 and 6, GRKs 3 and 4 are also expressed in the human thyroid. GRKs 2, 3, 5 and 6 are able to desensitize the TSHR in vitro. This GRK-induced desensitization is amplified by the additional over-expression of beta-arrestin 1 or 2. We did not find any mutations in the GRKs 2, 3 and 5 from 14 HTNs without TSHR mutations and Gsalpha mutations. The expression of GRKs 3 and 4 was increased in HTNs independently from the existence of TSHR mutations or Gsalpha mutations. In conclusion, the increased expression of GRK 3 in HTNs and the ability of GRK 3 to desensitize the TSHR in vitro, suggest a potential role for GRK 3 as a negative feedback regulator for the constitutively activated cAMP pathway in HTNs.

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