Sodium–Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition – A Novel Strategy for Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Luke Norton ◽  
Ralph A DeFronzo ◽  
Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Novel Strategy

In addition to its central role in the development of microvascular complications, hyperglycaemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, i.e. glucotoxicity. Thus, effective glycaemic control not only reduces the incidence of microvascular complications, but also corrects the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the progression of the disease. Progressive beta-cell failure and side effects associated with therapy, such as hypoglycaemia and weight gain, present obstacles to the achievement of optimal durable glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Most recently, inhibitors of the renal sodium glucose co-transporter have been developed to produce glucosuria and reduce the plasma glucose concentration. Because the mechanism of action of these oral antidiabetic agents is independent of beta-cell and tissue sensitivity to insulin, they improve glycaemic control while avoiding hypoglycaemia and promoting weight loss. In this article, we will summarise the available data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of this novel antidiabetic therapeutic approach.

Sodium–Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition—A Novel Strategy for Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Norton ◽  
Ralph A DeFronzo ◽  
Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Novel Strategy

In addition to its central role in the development of microvascular complications, hyperglycemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, i.e. glucotoxicity. Thus, effective glycemic control not only reduces the incidence of microvascular complications, but also corrects the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the progression of the disease. Progressive beta-cell failure and side effects associated with therapy, such as hypoglycemia and weight gain, present obstacles to the achievement of optimal durable glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Most recently, inhibitors of the renal sodium glucose co-transporter have been developed to produce glucosuria and reduce the plasma glucose concentration. Because the mechanism of action of these oral antidiabetic agents is independent of beta-cell and tissue sensitivity to insulin, they improve glycemic control while avoiding hypoglycemia and promoting weight loss. In this article, we will summarize the available data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of this novel antidiabetic therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Luke Norton ◽  
Ralph A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Tight Glycemic Control ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Hyperglycemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, i.e., glucotoxicity, and it also is the major risk factor for microvascular complications. Thus, effective glycemic control will not only reduce the incidence of microvascular complications but also correct some of the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the progression of the disease. Achieving durable tight glycemic control is challenging because of progressive β-cell failure and is hampered by increased frequency of side effects, e.g., hypoglycemia and weight gain. Most recently, inhibitors of the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter have been developed to produce glucosuria and reduce the plasma glucose concentration. These oral antidiabetic agents have the potential to improve glycemic control while avoiding hypoglycemia, to correct the glucotoxicity, and to promote weight loss. In this review, we will summarize the available data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of this novel antidiabetic therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes and associated factors: a telephone survey of self-reported morbidity

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliny de Lima Santos ◽  
Hellen Pollyanna Mantelo Cecílio ◽  
Elen Ferraz Teston ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira de Arruda ◽  
Fabiana Magalhães Navarro Peternella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

The scope of this article is to estimate the prevalence of microvascular complications of self-reported type 2 diabetes and the association with sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, treatment given and time since diagnosis. It involved a cross-sectional study with 318 people with type 2 diabetes living in Maringá in the State of Paraná. A telephone survey of self-reported morbidity was conducted in the months from January to June 2012. For the analysis descriptive statistics, univariate and multiple logistic regression were used. The prevalence of self-reported complications of diabetes was 53.8%, the most frequent being retinopathy (42.8%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (14.5%) and nephropathy (12.9%). The variables associated with the presence of complications were age (p = 0.008), overweight/obesity (p = 0.002), insulin (p < 0.001), insulin use linked to oral antidiabetic drug (p = 0.003) and time since diagnosis (p = 0.013). The prevalence of self-reported microvascular complications for people with diabetes was high, being more frequent among those of more advanced age, with inadequate nutritional status, a delay in diagnosis of the disease and those who were using insulin alone or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents.

scholarly journals Readiness for enhanced self-health management among people with diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Ana Maria Parente Garcia Alencar ◽  
Thiago Moura de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Care Services

OBJECTIVE: To identify the nursing diagnosis, readiness for enhanced self-health management, among people with type 2 diabetes who are adherent to pharmacological treatment. METHODS: The sample consisted of 579 subjects from 12 primary care services who received home visits. To determine adherence to the pharmacological treatment, the pill count test was conducted. Those classified as adherent were given a checklist with the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis, readiness for enhanced self-health management. RESULTS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes who presented with the nursing diagnosis were not alcoholics (p = 0.003), did not miss their diabetes consultations (p = 0.000), and had no difficulties / inappropriate behaviors with regard to taking their oral antidiabetic agents (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The identification of human responses to the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes should be continuous, so that nurses can understand the factors involved in the readiness to enhance therapeutic control.

scholarly journals Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Monira Alwhaibi ◽  
Nasser Alqahtani ◽  
Tariq Alhawassi ◽  
Thamir M Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to measure the adherence rates of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess the relationship of glycaemic control and adherence to OADs after controlling for other associated factors.DesignCross-sectional retrospective study.SettingLarge tertiary hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia.Participants5457patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with T2DM during the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe modified medication possession ratio (mMPR) was calculated as a proxy measure for adherence of OADs. The factors associated with OADs non-adherence and medication oversupply were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. The secondary outcomes were to measure the association between OADs adherence and glycaemic control.ResultsMajority of patients with T2DM were females (n=3400, 62.3%). The average glycated haemoglobin was 8.2±1.67. Among the study population, 48.6% had good adherence (mMPR >0.8) and 8.6% had a medication oversupply (mMPR >1.2). Good adherence was highest among those using repaglinide (71.0%) followed by pioglitazone (65.0%) and sitagliptin (59.0%). In the multivariate analysis, women with T2DM were more likely to have poor adherence (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.76, 95% CI=0.67, 0.86) compared with men. Also, medication oversupply was more likely among patients with hyperpolypharmacy (AOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.36, 2.63), comorbid osteoarthritis (AOR=1.72, 95% CI=1.20, 02.45) and non-Saudi patients (AOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.16, 2.01). However, no association was found between glycaemic control and adherence to OADs.ConclusionThe study findings support the growing concern of non-adherence to OADs among patients with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers have to invest in behavioural interventions that will boost medication adherence rates. This is particularly important in patients with polypharmacy and high burden of comorbid conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document