The Effect of Morphological Variations at the Human Ankle and Hip Joints on their Biomechanical Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Namani
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joints ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Human Ankle

Morphometric assessment of the hip joint in the Estrela Mountain Dog breed

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ferreira ◽  
M. M. Ginja ◽  
J. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Assessment

SummaryObjectives: To study the radiographic projected hip parameters of the proximal femur and acetabulum in young and adult Estrela Mountain Dogs with normal and abnormal hip joints. The parameters evaluated were: femoral angles of inclination and anteversion (FAI and FAA), femoral neck length and width (FNL and FNW), acetabular depth (AD) and acetabular angle of retrotorsion (AAR).Methods: Five hundred and twenty-five standard hip-extended ventrodorsal radiographic views and 622 mediolateral views of the right and left femur were used to measure the FAI, FAA, FNL, FNW, AD, AAR and modified AAR (mAAR).Results: The FAI decreased in adult dysplastic dogs, in females and in right femora; FAA decreased with age; FNL was characterized by a greater relative size in normal adult animals; FNW was greater in abnormal hips in young and adult animals; AD was less in adult dysplastic dogs and in right hips; AAR was similar in the studied groups; mAAR was greater in abnormal hips and in left hips.Clinical significance: The data may be used in future studies, which compare this breed to others. Morphological variations in femoral neck and acetabular morphometric parameters were present, and these variables in dogs with different ages and with hips in varying states of health should not be compared.

Morphological Variations of The Fissures & Lobes in Cadaveric Human Lungs in Gujarat State

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
DR.BHAVANA K. DAMOR ◽  
◽  
Dr.SEEMA SOLANKI ◽  
DR. S.V. KUMAR DR. S.V. KUMAR ◽  
DR. C.A. PENSI DR. C.A. PENSI
Keyword(s):  
Gujarat State ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Human Lungs

Evaluation of plain radiography and MRI in diagnosing pathology of hip joints

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-07
Author(s):  
Jigar Salvi ◽  
◽  
Archana Salvi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Hip Joints

Readjustment of the Standard ASUDAS to Encompass Dental Morphological Variations in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
M. Louail ◽  
S. Prat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Fossil Hominin

The standard ASUDAS scoring system (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) is used to assess dental morphological variations in modern humans. It is also frequently used to study, score, and compare morphological variations in fossil hominin taxa and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. However, using ASUDAS in studies of this type is under debate because it is based on modern Homo sapiens populations and does not appear to cover all variations observed in fossil Plio-Pleistocene homi- nins. Our observations and coding of 178 dentals casts of Plio-Pleistocene specimens based on ASUDAS and from the literature have confirmed the need to adapt the standard system to fossil hominins. In this initial study, we propose that the scoring procedures for some morphological characters need to be readjusted, while others could be standardized following the ASUDAS system.

Gametophyte Morphological Variations of Sphaeropteris brunoniana (Cyatheaceae) under Four Culture Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
Gui-Ju CHEN ◽  
Xiao CHENG ◽  
Bao-Dong LIU ◽  
Yu JIAO
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Morphological Variations

scholarly journals Automatic Hip Detection in Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiographs—A Labelless Practical Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Feng-Yu Liu ◽  
Chih-Chi Chen ◽  
Chi-Tung Cheng ◽  
Cheng-Ta Wu ◽  
Chih-Po Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Pelvic Radiographs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Confidence

Automated detection of the region of interest (ROI) is a critical step in the two-step classification system in several medical image applications. However, key information such as model parameter selection, image annotation rules, and ROI confidence score are essential but usually not reported. In this study, we proposed a practical framework of ROI detection by analyzing hip joints seen on 7399 anteroposterior pelvic radiographs (PXR) from three diverse sources. We presented a deep learning-based ROI detection framework utilizing a single-shot multi-box detector with a customized head structure based on the characteristics of the obtained datasets. Our method achieved average intersection over union (IoU) = 0.8115, average confidence = 0.9812, and average precision with threshold IoU = 0.5 (AP50) = 0.9901 in the independent testing set, suggesting that the detected hip regions appropriately covered the main features of the hip joints. The proposed approach featured flexible loose-fitting labeling, customized model design, and heterogeneous data testing. We demonstrated the feasibility of training a robust hip region detector for PXRs. This practical framework has a promising potential for a wide range of medical image applications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Morphological Variations Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement According to Age and Sex: A Study of 1878 Asymptomatic Hips in Nonprofessional Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712097789
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Morales-Avalos ◽  
Adriana Tapia-Náñez ◽  
Mario Simental-Mendía ◽  
Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas ◽  
Michelle Morcos-Sandino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Crossover Sign ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Pelvic Radiographs ◽  
Center Edge

Background: Radiographic findings related to the cam and pincer variants of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) include measurements of the alpha angle and lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). The function of these radiographic findings has been put into question because of high heterogeneity in reported studies. Purpose: The aim of this study was 3-fold: (1) to determine the prevalence of cam and pincer variants according to sex and age on anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs from an asymptomatic nonathletic population, (2) to identify the most common radiographic signs of cam- and pincer-type variants, and (3) to determine if there are variations in the prevalence of these radiographic signs according to sex and age. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: There were 3 independent observers who retrospectively analyzed the 939 AP pelvic radiographs (1878 hips) of patients aged 18 to 50 years who did not have hip symptoms and who were not professional athletes. The prevalence of the cam and pincer variants according to the alpha angle and LCEA, respectively, and the presence of other radiographic signs commonly associated with these variables were determined in the overall population and by subgroup according to sex and age group (18-30, 31-40, and 41-50 years). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study sample. Results: The mean age of the included population was 31.0 ± 9.2 years, and 68.2% were male. The prevalence of the cam-type variant was 29.7% (558/1878), and that of the pincer-type variant was 24.3% (456/1878). The radiographic signs that were most associated with the cam and pincer variants were a pistol-grip deformity and the crossover sign, respectively. Significant differences ( P < .001) in the prevalence of these variants were identified between men and women in both variants. No differences were observed in the alpha angle or LCEA according to sex or age. Conclusion: Radiographic findings suggestive of FAI had significant variations with respect to sex and age in this study sample. This study provides information to determine the prevalence of these anatomic variants in the general population.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Iwona Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

scholarly journals The dynamic of body and brain co-evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232199468
Author(s):  
Paolo Pagliuca ◽  
Stefano Nolfi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

We introduce a method that permits to co-evolve the body and the control properties of robots. It can be used to adapt the morphological traits of robots with a hand-designed morphological bauplan or to evolve the morphological bauplan as well. Our results indicate that robots with co-adapted body and control traits outperform robots with fixed hand-designed morphologies. Interestingly, the advantage is not due to the selection of better morphologies but rather to the mutual scaffolding process that results from the possibility to co-adapt the morphological traits to the control traits and vice versa. Our results also demonstrate that morphological variations do not necessarily have destructive effects on robots’ skills.

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