Multifunctional polymers via incorporation of ionic groups at molecular and mesoscopic length scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aflal Mohamed Rahmathullah
Keyword(s):  
Length Scales ◽  
Ionic Groups ◽  
Multifunctional Polymers

An Analytical Thermodynamic Approach to Friction of Rubber on Ice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-150
Author(s):  
Klaus Wiese ◽  
Thiemo M. Kessel ◽  
Reinhard Mundl ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Liquid Layer ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Real Contact Area ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Real Contact ◽  
Ice Surface

ABSTRACT The presented investigation is motivated by the need for performance improvement in winter tires, based on the idea of innovative “functional” surfaces. Current tread design features focus on macroscopic length scales. The potential of microscopic surface effects for friction on wintery roads has not been considered extensively yet. We limit our considerations to length scales for which rubber is rough, in contrast to a perfectly smooth ice surface. Therefore we assume that the only source of frictional forces is the viscosity of a sheared intermediate thin liquid layer of melted ice. Rubber hysteresis and adhesion effects are considered to be negligible. The height of the liquid layer is driven by an equilibrium between the heat built up by viscous friction, energy consumption for phase transition between ice and water, and heat flow into the cold underlying ice. In addition, the microscopic “squeeze-out” phenomena of melted water resulting from rubber asperities are also taken into consideration. The size and microscopic real contact area of these asperities are derived from roughness parameters of the free rubber surface using Greenwood-Williamson contact theory and compared with the measured real contact area. The derived one-dimensional differential equation for the height of an averaged liquid layer is solved for stationary sliding by a piecewise analytical approximation. The frictional shear forces are deduced and integrated over the whole macroscopic contact area to result in a global coefficient of friction. The boundary condition at the leading edge of the contact area is prescribed by the height of a “quasi-liquid layer,” which already exists on the “free” ice surface. It turns out that this approach meets the measured coefficient of friction in the laboratory. More precisely, the calculated dependencies of the friction coefficient on ice temperature, sliding speed, and contact pressure are confirmed by measurements of a simple rubber block sample on artificial ice in the laboratory.

Mixed Mode Chromatography: A Novel Way Toward New Selectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Santarelli ◽  
Charlotte Cabanne
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Ionic Groups ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The Way

Mixed mode chromatography offers a diversity of ligands, each providing a new selectivity. This allows the design of novel purification processes with reduced column steps. Structure of ligands is based on both hydrophobic and ionic groups. Thanks to its salt tolerance, crude extracts or post-IEX samples can be loaded directly without conditioning. The selectivity could be enhanced by modulating elution parameters or by using additives. More importantly, mixed mode chromatography could be as effective as affinity chromatography for mAb purification processes. Mixed mode chromatography opens the way to short and economical processes.

Lossless Photon management – Optical design for manufacture at different length scales - NOLOSS - H2020

Impact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Toralf Scharf ◽  
Paul Urbach ◽  
Carsten Rockstuhl ◽  
Frank Setzpfand
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Photon Management

Strain tuned high thermal conductivity in boron phosphide at nanometer length scales – a first-principles study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (36) ◽  
pp. 20914-20921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajmohan Muthaiah ◽  
Jivtesh Garg
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
First Principles ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Biaxial Strain ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
First Principles Study ◽  
Boron Phosphide

We report novel pathways to significantly enhance the thermal conductivity at nanometer length scales in boron phosphide through biaxial strain.

scholarly journals Hybrid fluorescence-AFM explores articular surface degeneration in early osteoarthritis across length scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathaeus Tschaikowsky ◽  
Tanja Neumann ◽  
Sofia Brander ◽  
Heiko Haschke ◽  
Bernd Rolauffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Surface ◽  
Early Osteoarthritis ◽  
Length Scales

scholarly journals Correlating nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry and atom probe tomography analysis of uranium enrichment in metallic nuclear fuel

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kautz ◽  
John Cliff ◽  
Timothy Lach ◽  
Dallas Reilly ◽  
Arun Devaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography Analysis ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Tomography Analysis

235U enrichment in a metallic nuclear fuel was measured via NanoSIMS and APT, allowing for a direct comparison of enrichment across length scales and resolutions.

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