The role of mitotic motor forces of KIFC1 on microtubule array during neurodevelopment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Microtubule Array

scholarly journals Role of the centrosome in organizing the interphase microtubule array: properties of cytoplasts containing or lacking centrosomes.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Karsenti ◽  
S Kobayashi ◽  
T Mitchison ◽  
M Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Microtubule Array ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Original Culture

To study the role of the centrosome in microtubule organization in interphase cells, we developed a method for obtaining cytoplasts (cells lacking a nucleus) that did or did not contain centrosomes. After drug-induced microtubule depolymerization, cytoplasts with centrosomes made from sparsely plated cells reconstituted a microtubule array typical of normal cells. Under these conditions cytoplasts without centrosomes formed only a few scattered microtubules. This difference in degree of polymerization suggests that centrosomes affect not only the distribution but the amount of microtubules in cells. To our surprise, the extent of microtubules assembled increased with the cell density of the original culture. At confluent density, cytoplasts without centrosomes had many microtubules, equivalent to cytoplasts with centrosomes. The additional microtubules were arranged peripherally and differed from the centrosomal microtubules in their sensitivity to nocodazole. These and other results suggest that the centrosome stabilizes microtubules in the cell, perhaps by capping one end. Microtubules with greater sensitivity to nocodazole arise by virtue of change in the growth state of the cell and may represent free or uncapped polymers. These experiments suggest that the spatial arrangement of microtubules may change by shifting the total tubulin concentration or the critical concentration for assembly.

scholarly journals Nek8445, a protein kinase required for microtubule regulation and cytokinesis in Giardia lamblia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 1611-1622
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Hennessey ◽  
Germain C. M. Alas ◽  
Ilse Rogiers ◽  
Renyu Li ◽  
Ethan A. Merritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Microtubule Array ◽  
Ventral Disk

Here we study the role of Nek8445 in regulating cell division and microtubule array organization in Giardia. Depletion of Nek8445 results in 87% of cells being stalled or blocked in cytokinesis. Nek8445 regulates ventral disk organization, funis formation, axoneme exit, and cell shape, all of which contribute to the observed cytokinesis defects.

scholarly journals How selective severing by katanin promotes order in the plant cortical microtubule array

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (27) ◽  
pp. 6942-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva E. Deinum ◽  
Simon H. Tindemans ◽  
Jelmer J. Lindeboom ◽  
Bela M. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Microtubule Array ◽  
Microtubule Severing ◽  
Anisotropic Expansion ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
The One

Plant morphogenesis requires differential and often asymmetric growth. A key role in controlling anisotropic expansion of individual cells is played by the cortical microtubule array. Although highly organized, the array can nevertheless rapidly change in response to internal and external cues. Experiments have identified the microtubule-severing enzyme katanin as a central player in controlling the organizational state of the array. Katanin action is required both for normal alignment and the adaptation of array orientation to mechanical, environmental, and developmental stimuli. How katanin fulfills its controlling role, however, remains poorly understood. On the one hand, from a theoretical perspective, array ordering depends on the “weeding out” of discordant microtubules through frequent catastrophe-inducing collisions among microtubules. Severing would reduce average microtubule length and lifetime, and consequently weaken the driving force for alignment. On the other hand, it has been suggested that selective severing at microtubule crossovers could facilitate the removal of discordant microtubules. Here we show that this apparent conflict can be resolved by systematically dissecting the role of all of the relevant interactions in silico. This procedure allows the identification of the sufficient and necessary conditions for katanin to promote array alignment, stresses the critical importance of the experimentally observed selective severing of the “crossing” microtubule at crossovers, and reveals a hitherto not appreciated role for microtubule bundling. We show how understanding the underlying mechanism can aid with interpreting experimental results and designing future experiments.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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