Public and private financial returns on attaining tertiary education, by gender and educational level (2012)

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Public And Private

scholarly journals The Roots of the Obesity Boom. The Relationship Between Overweight and Educational Level Among Dutch Men, 1950–1979

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Björn Quanjer ◽  
Kristina Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

While in modern, high-income populations, obesity is associated with being from a low socio-economic background, this may not have always been the case. We test the relationship between obesity and educational level (as a proxy for socio-economic status) in a historical cohort of Dutch military conscripts, from the conscription years 1950–1979. We find that in the 1950s cohort, being in tertiary education was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight. In contrast, in the 1970s cohort, being in tertiary education was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of being overweight. We find evidence that the prevalence of obesity remained broadly similar among more highly educated men, while it increased among men of a lower educational level. This likely contributed to the overall rise in the obesity rate. Our findings echo other studies that find a crossover in education’s relationship to BMI as populations become wealthier and obesity rates rise.

scholarly journals Higher Education and Economic Growth in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Bloom ◽  
David Canning ◽  
Kevin Chan ◽  
Dara Lee Luca
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Développement Économique ◽  
Education And Economic Growth

Enrollment rates for higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa are by far the lowest in the world at 6%. Yet because of conventional beliefs that tertiary education is less important for poverty reduction, the international development community has encouraged African governments’ relative neglect of higher education. This article challenges beliefs that tertiary education has little role in promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty. First, we review recent evidence that higher education can produce significant public and private benefits. Next, we analyze the relationship between tertiary education and economic growth. We find evidence that tertiary education improves technological catch-up and, in doing so, may help to maximize Africa’s potential to achieve more rapid economic growth given current constraints. Investing in tertiary education in Africa may accelerate technological diffusion, which would in turn decrease knowledge gaps and help reduce poverty in the region. We also review new developments and trends in the higher education scene in Africa. Le taux d’inscription dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique sub-saharienne est de loin le plus faible du monde, atteignant seulement 6%. Pourtant, parce que l’enseignement supérieur est perçu comme moins important que les enseignements primaire et secondaire pour lutter contre la pauvreté, la communauté internationale a encouragé les gouvernements africains à moins y prêter attention. Cet article conteste l’idée que l’enseignement supérieur joue un rôle peu important dans le développement économique et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Tout d’abord, nous nous intéressons à de récents résultats qui montrent que l’enseignement supérieur crée des bénéfices publics et privés. Ensuite, nous analysons la relation entre l’enseignement supérieur et la croissance économique. Nous montrons que l’enseignement supérieur permet de rattraper le retard technologique et, ce faisant, pourrait aider l’Afrique à maximiser sa capacité à accélérer sa croissance économique dans les conditions actuelles. Investir dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique pourrait permettre une diffusion plus rapide des avancées technologiques, qui pourrait à son tour réduire la disparité de savoir et participer à la réduction de la pauvreté dans la région. Nous passons aussi en revue les nouveautés et tendances dans l’enseignement supérieur africain.

scholarly journals On the Factors Influencing EFL Students’ Intercultural Competence

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Intercultural Competencies ◽  
Efl Students

AbstractCultural intelligence (CQ) as a micro-level construct describing intercultural competence has garnered growing attention in academic literature recently, resulting in an increase in research. This paper reports on the empirical research which, using as a survey instrument the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) developed by Earley and Ang (2003), examined intercultural competencies of Polish EFL students at the tertiary education, measured by the level of CQ. In addition, the investigation aimed to analyze whether individual difference variables such as gender, educational level, linguistic proficiency, multilingualism, motivation to study English, and study abroad experience are significant predictors of students’ level of CQ. The results show that the respondents’ intercultural competence has been developed only to a small degree. Further, CQ is positively related to gender, educational level, foreign language proficiency, the number of foreign languages known, motivation to study English, and study abroad experience. Some practical applications of the study findings for the Polish tertiary education have been presented.

scholarly journals Financing Higher Education in Latin America

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Ana Garcia De Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
Financing Higher Education ◽  
First Time ◽  
Latin American Countries

Latin American countries have been enjoying a strong growth during the 2000s for the first time since the debt crisis of the 1980s.  This article focuses on some of the changes that took place during these boom years with regard to public and private funds earmarked for tertiary education, some consequences of this funding pattern in terms of equity, and the main innovations in funding mechanisms put in place to allocate public funds.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS FINANCIAL SUPPORT AS A PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Tetiana Vasylieva ◽  
Serhiy Lyeonov ◽  
Anna Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Additional Education

In the article the essence and main characteristics of public and private goods are investigated, their main differences are revealed. Based on this, the main features of public goods were identified, including the nature of consumption, exclusivity of consumption, level of competition in providing services, exhaustiveness of services, level of social significance, etc. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of funding for education at different levels (primary, secondary education, post-secondary/total tertiary education) and funding sources (public and private expenditures) has been conducted. It is substantiated that the basis for determining the optimal financial support structure for LLS development should be the level of compliance of educational services with the criteria for meeting public and private goods. On the basis of this, it was found that the ratio of budget and extrabudgetary funding for basic education services should be 90 to 10%; for vocational education services – 60–70% to 30–40%; and for services of additional education – 20–40% to 60–80%.

scholarly journals Application of Fuzzy Topsis in Selecting the Major Factor Influencing Malaysians' Choice of University (IPTA or IPTS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Nur Syuhada Muhammat Pazil ◽  
Norwaziah Mahmud ◽  
Siti Hafawati Jamaluddin ◽  
Saidatul Shareen Shakiren
Keyword(s):  
Private Colleges ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Currently there are about 500 institutions throughout Malaysia which offer tertiary education level. They consist of public and private colleges. However, this variety will lead to confusion among the Malaysians in order to choose the right places to further their studies. The aim of this study is to select and rank the significant factor which influences the selection of university between IPTA and IPTS. By approaching the main objective, the sub-objective; to determine the most preferred university based on the associated factor can also be examined. Fuzzy TOPSIS (Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is one of the best methods to assess this kind of multi-criteria decision-making problem. The alternative of this research will be the factors influencing Malaysians’ choice of universities which are affiliation, course offered, cost of education and reputation. While the criteria will be IPTA and IPTS. The data was collected by interviewing experts in both fields; public and private sectors. The result referred by the value of closeness coefficient of each alternative is determined in order to rank those alternatives (factors). Based on the result, the major factor is affiliation while the rest is course offered, cost of The most preferred is IPTS that represents a better affiliation.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Ma Saung Oo ◽  
Nursyahira Binti Mohd Ismail ◽  
Wei Rou Ean ◽  
Habibah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Nik Rafiza Affendi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Contraceptive Knowledge ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The incidence of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are significantly high due to the lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards contraception and it can be prevented by effective and appropriate contraceptive knowledge and usage.  Considering the future role of medical students as family planning educator as well as counsellors, it is not only important to determine their knowledge, attitude and perception towards contraception but also should be updated for improvement on the quality of future healthcare professionals on contraceptive knowledge which may lead to the reduction in the number of unintended pregnancy with improving maternal morbidity and mortality. This was a cross sectional study using self-reported questionnaires survey that consists of four sections as socio-demographic characteristics information, knowledge towards contraception, attitude towards contraception, and perception of education and training in sexual and reproductive health among medical student. Questions were, distributed among medical students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and analyzed. The response rate was 100%. and most of the respondents in this study were Malay (64·4%), female (68·3%), single (98·6%) and live in urban area (69·1%). Most of their parents had tertiary education level (father educational level, 63·3%; mother educational level, 50·0%). 56·1% of the respondents had poor level of knowledge and 59.2% of them had negative attitude towards contraception. Regarding the perception on contraception, most of the respondents thought that they did not have sufficient clinical practice (50·4%) though adequate training (57·6%) in counselling the patients for family planning service during their clinical posting. There was a significant association between gender, place of birth, ethnicity, marital status, father educational status and level of knowledge. There were a higher percentage of respondents who had poor knowledge and negative attitude towards contraception. Assessing the knowledge and attitude of medical students on contraception and their relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and socio-economic factors plays a leading role in public health projects which are aimed to combat maternal mortality through reducing unintended pregnancies. To change the attitude towards contraception and further increase the level of knowledge of contraception among medical students, collaborated health education and similar studies among health workers are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Beliefs of Greek sport volunteers about their competencies in volunteering

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-321
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Males And Females

In volunteering, the keyword is “donation”, and the historical evolution of volunteering is directly linked to “selfless charity”. Sport is largely based on volunteering. This paper extends knowledge of the nature of sport volunteering by exploring the perspectives of sport volunteers based on self-reported questionnaires. The sample involved 192 volunteers and 6 volunteers’ coordinators from both public and private sport organizations in Thessaloniki, a city in northern Greece. A 42-item self-reported questionnaire was administered to measure participants’ perspectives on their competencies in the volunteering field. The internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) for the perspectives on volunteering scale from volunteers and volunteers’ coordinators was high (a = .96). Regarding the evaluation of participants’ beliefs about their competencies in volunteering, results showed that they had a positive perspective. The results of the analyses demonstrated no significant differences between males and females in their beliefs about competencies in volunteering. In addition, the analyses showed no significant differences in participants’ beliefs about their competencies between the type of involvement (volunteer vs volunteer coordinator) and years of involvement. On the other hand, the results showed statistically significant differences in participants’ beliefs based on their educational level and their role in the sport organizations. The findings of the present study provide valuable information on the beliefs about competencies in volunteering that sport organisations can use to empower volunteers and make them more effective in offering their services in sport organizations.

scholarly journals Embracing Internationalization in Gearing Malaysian Higher Education Towards Global Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Siti Maziha Mustapha ◽  
Nabilah Abdullah ◽  
Karthiyaini Devarajoo ◽  
Faridah Ibrahim ◽  
Suhida Hani Suid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Students ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Education Hub ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Challenges And Strategies

Abstract: Embracing internationalization is the reality in Malaysian tertiary education in this century. Various endeavors and research collaborations have been and are still carried out to achieve the government’s vision to position Malaysia as a tertiary education hub in the region. Using phenomenological approach, this study attempts to highlight challenges and strategies towards achieving internationalization of Malaysian higher education. Twelve lecturers from public and private universities were purposively sampled to discuss issues on internationalization of Malaysian tertiary education. Focus Group Discussions using semi structured interview protocol were undertaken. Data analysis and interpretation were carried out through thematic development. The findings revealed all participants are aware of the pedagogical approaches to be in practice to embrace the dynamics of global cultures convening in Malaysian lecture rooms. They highlighted the advantages of having international students from academic and social perspectives. Also included are ways how local students benefit with the presence of international students. These benefits emerged as participants discussed the consequences of Malaysian campus bereft of international students. In-class challenges and strategies to overcome them were deliberated. The findings also informed lecturers, administrators, and policy makers of relevant aspects to consider when dealing with international students at the tertiary level in Malaysia.   Keywords: global education, internationalization, international students, tertiary education, phenomenology

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