scholarly journals Embedded resource accounting for coupled natural-human systems: An application to water resource impacts of the western U.S. electrical energy trade

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 7957-7972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Ruddell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Adams ◽  
Richard Rushforth ◽  
Vincent C. Tidwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Resource Accounting ◽  
Human Systems

scholarly journals Smart Microgrid Energy Market: Evaluating Distributed Ledger Technologies for Remote and Constrained Microgrid Deployments

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Lehlogonolo P. I. Ledwaba ◽  
Gerhard P. Hancke ◽  
Sherrin J. Isaac ◽  
Hein S. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Processing

The increasing strain on ageing generation infrastructure has seen more frequent instances of scheduled and unscheduled blackouts, rising reliability on fossil fuel based energy alternatives and a slow down in efforts towards achieving universal access to electrical energy in South Africa. To try and relieve the burden on the National Grid and still progress electrification activities, the smart microgrid model and secure energy trade paradigm is considered—enabled by the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Given the high availability requirements of microgrid operations, the limited resources available on IIoT devices and the high processing and energy requirements of DLT operations, this work aims to determine the effect of native DLT algorithms when implemented on IIoT edge devices to assess the suitability of DLTs as a mechanism to establish a secure, energy trading market for the Internet of Energy. Metrics such as the node transaction time, operating temperature, power consumption, processor and memory usage are considered towards determining possible interference on the edge node operation. In addition, the cost and time required for mining operations associated with the DLT-enabled node are determined in an effort to predict the cost to end users—in terms of fees payable and mobile data costs—as well as predicting the microgrid’s growth and potential blockchain network slowdown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document