Revenue performance is relatively strong, largely thanks to strong indirect taxation, while the underperformance on the PIT, CIT and social contributions in part reflects the relatively low tax rates

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Rates ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Social Contributions

scholarly journals Czech Household Tax Burden Estimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564
Author(s):  
Lukáš Moravec ◽  
Gabriela Kukalová ◽  
Jakub Ječmínek ◽  
Luboš Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Tax Burden ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Indirect Taxes

This paper solves the question of the Czech households’ tax burden and its trend during the period from 2005 to 2015. Authors identified three groups of model Czech households based on the Czech Statistical Office data. The consumer basket structures, the median income, direct and indirect taxes rates were the parameters covered by the analyses. The weighted VAT tax rates were calculated for the consumer basket items valid for the year 2015. The year 2015 was used as the reference one for the rest of the period. The results show the estimated cumulative tax burden including direct and indirect taxation in 2015 and the previous years. The paper identified the changes and the trend of taxation level relating the Czech households.

scholarly journals Anti-Crisis Fiscal Measures in the European Union during the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Impact on GDP

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
V. V. Karpova ◽  
◽  
V. F. Tischenko ◽  
V. N. Ostapenko ◽  
Yu. B. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Indirect Connection ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tax Loss

The aim of this study is to analyze the connection between anti-crisis fiscal measures adopted by EU governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and these countries’ GDP growth. The study relies on methods of statistical analysis, including cluster analysis, to examine the challenges of forecasting tax revenue collections during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is possible to make preliminary conclusions regarding the relationship between fiscal anti-crisis measures in EU countries and these countries’ GDP growth even in the absence of the actual data. The study has revealed variations in forecast GDP growth caused by a higher than usual degree of uncertainty. The best way to minimize such variations is to constantly monitor the situation and adjust the forecast estimates depending on the changes in the relevant factors. The variations in forecast estimates can also stem from adjustments for the changes in tax revenues of EU countries implementing fiscal anti-crisis measures. Most EU countries resorted to such instruments as deferral of certain tax payments, temporary tax breaks, reduction of tax rates, tax loss carryforwards, cancellation or reductions of social contributions. The European leaders in terms of anti-crisis fiscal measures are the Czech Republic and Ireland – these countries used four out of five instruments and were followed by Austria, Hungary and the UK, which used three instruments. We also analyzed the coefficient of tax elasticity for European countries and demonstrated that tax reliefs (tax preferences) influence the level of tax revenue. The hypothesis that there is an indirect connection between the anti-crisis fiscal measures and GDP growth was confirmed. It is shown that clusters of EU countries grouped depending on their anti-crisis fiscal measures do not coincide with the clusters of countries grouped depending on their GDP growth estimates. Thus, a tentative forecast can be made that the fiscal anti-crisis measures taken by EU countries will not have a direct impact on their GDP growth.

scholarly journals Tax competition and tax harmonization in the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuše Nerudová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Competition ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Tax Harmonization

The article deals with the problems of tax competition and harmonization within the European Union. It reveals the single difficulties connected with harmonization, identifies the problems arising from tax competition and points out the harmful tax competition as well. Single compulsory harmonized tax base in connection with prevailing tax competition in the area of tax rates is the suggested solution in the scope of direct taxation. As the solution in the area of indirect taxation could serve the introduction of “principle of origin”. This would cause remarkable administrative costs decrease not only for economic subjects but for tax authorities as well.

scholarly journals Optimal indirect taxation with a restricted number of tax rates

2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Belan ◽  
Stephane Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Tax Rates ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Restricted Number

scholarly journals Impact of GST on Indian Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bindal ◽  
Dinesh Chand Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Goods And Services

GST Stands for Goods and Services Tax (GST). The GST Act was passed in the Lok Sabha on 29th March, 2017 and came into effect from 1st July, 2017. It was termed as One Nation One Tax. The major impact of introducing GST in India is the transformation in the fiscal structure of the Indian federal setup. The fiscal right of the states and centre to deal with goods and services independently will be taken away and both the Governments have to depend on each other’s for managing the so called goods and services tax in future. This is a very hard blow to the freedom of participating governments in the federal system. The perceived benefits are – • GST would eliminate to a large extent, the multiplicity of administrative mechanisms and tax rates across different states. • It removes many of the cascading effects of indirect taxation. • Its positive impact on retail as a whole will make supply chain more cost effective. • It is expected to address most of the complex issues in taxation like software, intangibles, composite contracts etc. and brings more clarity in the levy.

Problems of the US Economic Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Investment Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Budget Systems ◽  
Enterprise Activity ◽  
The U.S

How to provide for full employment and equitable distribution of incomes and wealth are the keenest issues of the U.S. society. The Democratic and the Republican Parties have elaborated opposing views on economic policy, though both parties are certain that the problems may be resolved through the reform of the federal tax and budget systems. Globalization demands to increase incentives for labor and enterprise activity and for savings to secure proper investment rate. Tax rates for labor and enterprise incomes are to be low, but tax rates for consumption, real estate and land should be progressive.

Multi-component complex ores: Special aspects of using ad valorem and specific mineral extraction tax rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1314
Author(s):  
T.A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Rent Extraction ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ad Valorem

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the taxation for multi-component complex ores and commercial components using ad valorem and specific mineral extraction tax (MET) rates. Objectives. The article aims to assess some results of the application of specific MET rates in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and ad valorem rates in other subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics of the current taxation procedure for multi-component complex ores and their commercial components. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, synthesis, and the method of extrapolation. Results. The article shows that the change in the type of MET rate for multi-component complex ores and commercial components has led to a significant increase in the effective tax rate. This led to an increase in the corresponding MET revenues in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The article also substantiates that the introduction of specific rates in other Russian regions requires a significant differentiation of specific MET rates. However, this is risk-bearing concerning unfair distribution of the tax burden and the complexity of tax administration. Conclusions. The issue of identifying multi-component complex ores and their commercial components is controversial. Extending specific MET rates to other regions may complicate the mechanism of rent extraction.

Cereal Consumption, Production, and Prices in West Pakistan (Notes & Comments)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Better Than

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, several Punjab Settlement Officers attempted to estimate food consumption rates. These estimates, based on direct observation and ad hoc guesses, were made partly out of academic curiosity, but more urgently, as an aid in establishing the land revenue (i.e., tax) rates. The pre-1926 estimates are summarized in Table I, expressed in pounds of wheat and other foodgrain consumption per person per year1. Broadly speaking, the later, more systemtic observers (e.g., Sir Ganga Ram and C. B. Barry), found lower consumption levels than the earlier observers. It was generally accepted that the rural populace ate better than urban dwellers. Despite the ingenuity of the early Settlement Officers, their compiled estimates suffer from all the difficulties of haphazard small sample observation. Given the revenue purpose of the estimates, they may be biased towards the able-bodied, economically active, population. Further, the very early estimates may have confused dry weight with cooked weight, including water.

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