Percentage of female staff – total female staff vs. female executives, 2019

Abstract Background A persistent research finding in Finland and elsewhere has been variation in medical practices both between and within countries. Variation seems to exist especially if medical decision making involves discretion and the best treatment cannot be identified unambiguously. This is true for hysterectomy when performed for benign causes. The aim of the current study was to investigate regional trends in hysterectomy in Finland and the potential convergence of rates over time. Methods We used hospital discharge register data on hysterectomies performed, diagnoses, age, and region of residence to examine hospital discharges for women undergoing hysterectomy in 2001–2018 among total female population aged 25 years or older in Finland. We examined hysterectomy rates among biannual cohorts by indication, calculated age-standardised rates and used multilevel models to analyse potential convergence over time. Results Altogether 131,695 hysterectomies were performed in Finland 2001–2018. We found a decreasing trend, with the age-adjusted overall hysterectomy rate decreasing from 553/100,000 person years in 2001–2002 to 289/100,000 py in 2017–2018. Large but converging regional differences were found. The correlations between hospital district intercepts and slopes in time ranged from − 0.71 to − 0.97 (p < 0.001) suggesting diminishing variation. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that change in hysterectomy practices and more uniformity across regions are achievable goals. Regional variation still exists suggesting differences in medical practices.

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5 Japanese female executives: Beating the system

Women in Top management ◽

10.1515/9783110715132-005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 142-170

Keyword(s):

Female Executives ◽

Japanese Female

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Effect of female executives on Chinese cultural media enterprise efficiency

Gender in Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/gm-07-2020-0232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Yung-Ho Chiu ◽

Tai-Yu Lin ◽

Hongyi Cen

Keyword(s):

Boards Of Directors ◽

Company Performance ◽

Tobit Regression ◽

Female Executives ◽

Two Stage ◽

Content Type ◽

Female Directors ◽

The Impact ◽

Cultural Media ◽

Better Than

Purpose As more women are now being appointed to senior and top management positions and invited to sit on boards of directors, they are now directly participating in strategic company decision-making. As female directors have been found to provide new ideas, increase company competitiveness, efficiency and performance and bring a greater number of external resources to a company than male directors, this paper aims to put female directors as a variable into the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and statistical models to explore the effect of female directors on operating performances. The DEA first quantified and measured the company efficiencies, after which the statistical model analyzed the correlations between the variables to specifically identify the impact of female decision makers on the operating efficiencies in state-owned and private enterprises. Design/methodology/approach A novel two-stage, meta-hybrid dynamic DEA was developed to explore Chinese cultural media company efficiencies under optimal input and output resource allocations, after which Tobit Regression was applied to determine the effect of female executives on these efficiencies. Findings From 2012 to 2016, the overall efficiencies in Chinese state-owned cultural media enterprises were better than in the private cultural media enterprises. The overall technology gaps (TGs) in the state-owned cultural media enterprises were better than in the private cultural media enterprises. Originality/value Previous research has tended to focus on the causal relationships between female senior executives and business performances; however, there have been few studies on the relationships between female executives and company performance from an efficiency perspective (optimal resource allocation). This paper, therefore, is the first to develop a novel two-stage, meta-hybrid dynamic DEA to examine Chinese cultural media enterprise efficiencies, and the first to apply Tobit Regression to assess the effect of female executives on those efficiencies.

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Sponsorship and social identity in advancement of women leaders in South Africa

Gender in Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/gm-06-2017-0076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 466-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caren Brenda Scheepers ◽

Anastasia Douman ◽

Preya Moodley

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Career Development ◽

Social Identity ◽

Senior Management ◽

Female Executives ◽

Content Type ◽

Management Positions ◽

African Context ◽

Gender Based ◽

Executive Level

Purpose In South Africa, women in senior management positions experience social identity dilemmas, necessitating more research into this domain. While research has been conducted into coaching and mentoring of these women, limited scholarly attention has been paid to sponsorship. This paper aims to explore the social identity of women at senior management levels and sponsorship as a proposed mechanism to develop talented women. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research included two studies using two sample groups, both of which included executive-level respondents in corporate organisations. One study focussed on sponsorship; here, the 29-strong sample included 14 male and 15 female executives, of whom 15 were White; 9 were African and 5 were Indian. The second study, consisting of only African, coloured and Indian (ACI) female executives (23 interviewees), focussed more broadly on their development path to the C-suite. Findings A common theme across the two studies was the inclination to give developmental support, in turn, once supported. There were prerequisites in this support-giving, however. For example, sponsors identified criteria that protégés had to meet. Despite evident gender inequality at senior management levels in South Africa, this paper reveals that in the Study 1 sample, gender and race were ostensibly irrelevant when choosing a sponsor or who to sponsor. A closer examination revealed a gender-based expectation, embedded in the South African context. Study 2 showed that ACI women above 50 years of age were more inclined to mentor others; even when they themselves were not mentored, some purposefully developed other ACI women. This paper thus suggests age as an important additional diversity dimension in relation to the career development of ACI women towards the C-suite. The findings have implications for the career development of individual ACI women and for organisations in reaching equality. Research limitations/implications Gender differences with regard to perceptions also revealed that male respondents perceived sponsorship more as task-based actions, whereas female respondents focussed on relational elements. The paper concludes with recommendations on how individual ACI women and organisations can proactively develop talented women. Originality/value The paper offers insight into the gendered expectations of sponsors and gendered perceptions around merit in identifying protégés worthy of sponsorship. ACI women’s social identity changed when they joined the C-suite to identify more with their roles as executives and became less associated with their original ACI women group.

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Family Female Executives and Firm Financial Performance

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10114163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pilar Giraldez-Puig ◽

Emma Berenguer

Keyword(s):

Family Firms ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Female Executives ◽

Return On Assets ◽

Executive Women ◽

Family Ties ◽

Firm Financial Performance ◽

Final Sample ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship of family executive women with firm performance in family firms. We have obtained a final sample of 269 family and non-family firms (comprising 3073 firm/year observations) from the Spanish High Council of Chamber (SHCC) website, while data were collected from System for Analysis of Iberian Balances database (SABI) for the period 2000 to 2011. Applying a generalized method of moments (GMM) panel data methodology, we observe a positive effect on the return on assets (ROA) depending on the existence of family ties of executive women. Several implications for the career development of women in family firms arise from our results.

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RECENT CASES OF DIPHTHERIA IN A METROPOLITAN CITY

10.36106/ijsr/2118975 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Mrudul Randive ◽

Ankita Mohanty ◽

Sujata Baveja

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Older Children ◽

Metropolitan City ◽

Corynebacterium Species ◽

The Status ◽

Total Female ◽

Microbiological Techniques ◽

Disease Hospital

Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute, highly infectious and previously endemic disease. Due to the vaccine preventable nature of the disease and initial steady decline, not much attention had been given towards this disease. Recent increase in the number of clinically suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of diphtheria have been observed in our laboratory. Aims and objectives: To study the status of resurgence of the disease in a tertiary care hospital of Mumbai. Materials and methods: 76 throat swabs and 1 slough material from 57 clinically suspected cases of diphtheria over a period of one and a half year from July 2018 to December 2019 were obtained and were processed for microscopy and culture for Corynebacterium species by standard microbiological techniques. Results: Eighteen (23.37%) out of 77 samples yielded Corynebacterium species on culture. Out of 57 suspected patients, 11 were culture confirmed diphtheria (19.29%). None of the patients were less than 5 years of age, 55% were between 5 and 9 years and 45% were above 10 years of age with a total female preponderance of 64%. The immunization status was unclear in 27% cases. All the smear and/or culture positive cases were informed immediately to the clinicians so that the patients could be transferred to the Infectious disease hospital for further management. Conclusion: The study has shown an increase in the number of Diphtheria cases in a metropolitan city, which is a cause of concern in healthcare. There is also a shift in age to older children (> 5 years). The study also highlights the need for confirmation of toxin production to facilitate early information to the treating clinicians.

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