Projected CO2 emissions from surface modes in the energy transition scenario by region, 2030-50

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Surface Modes ◽  
Transition Scenario

Determinants and barriers of PV self-consumption in Spain from the perception of the installers for the promotion of distributed energy systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transition Scenario

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.

scholarly journals Assessing Local Power Generation Potentials of Photovoltaics, Engine Cogeneration, and Heat Pumps: The Case of a Major Swiss City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5432
Author(s):  
Martina Crimmann ◽  
Reinhard Madlener
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
End Users ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Electricity Costs

In this paper, we investigate the potentials of distributed generation (DG) in a medium-sized Swiss city. We show the role of private households in the sustainable energy transition process induced by Swiss energy policy. For the analysis, we define six scenarios that enable us to study the potentials and impacts of different combinations of DG technologies in terms of costs, CO2 emissions, and amounts and shares of DG provided by non-industrial end-users (essentially private households and the services sector). Three variants are investigated, one with real electricity costs and CO2 emissions, one with increased electricity costs (e.g., construction of new power plants), and one with increased CO2 emissions (e.g., due to the planned nuclear phase-out in Switzerland). We find that non-industrial entities can play an important role as prosumers. They mitigate the need for centralized generation. Within a scenario where the non-industrial energy end-users install water-water heat pumps and photovoltaics, a total reduction of the gas procurement from the grid is possible whereas the electricity demand from the grid increases by 24%. This scenario reveals higher DG electricity costs in comparison to conventional electricity supply, but the total costs of energy supply decrease due to the elimination of gas supply, and the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 68%.

scholarly journals Long Term Energy Transition Scenario Analysis for the City of Donostia

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Eneko Arrizabalaga ◽  
Patxi Hernandez ◽  
Luis del Portillo-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The City ◽  
Transition Scenario

scholarly journals Effects of a Delayed Expansion of Interconnector Capacities in a High RES-E European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3098
Author(s):  
Ritter ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Koch ◽  
Haller ◽  
Bauknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

In order to achieve a high renewable share in the electricity system, a significant expansion of cross-border exchange capacities is planned. Historically, the actual expansion of interconnector capacities has significantly lagged behind the planned expansion. This study examines the impact that such continued delays would have when compared to a strong interconnector expansion in an ambitious energy transition scenario. For this purpose, scenarios for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050 are examined using the electricity market model PowerFlex EU. The analysis reveals that both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation increase if interconnector expansion is delayed. This effect is most significant in the scenario year 2050, where lower connectivity leads roughly to a doubling of both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation. This increase results from a lower level of European electricity trading, a curtailment of electricity from a renewable energy source (RES-E), and a corresponding higher level of conventional electricity generation. Most notably, in Southern and Central Europe, less interconnection leads to higher use of natural gas power plants since less renewable electricity from Northern Europe can be integrated into the European grid.

scholarly journals Multilevel Analysis of Civic Engagement and Effectiveness of Energy Transition Policy in Seoul: The Seoul Eco-Mileage Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9905
Author(s):  
Jaewan Kim ◽  
Tae Yong Jung ◽  
Yong Gun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Transition Policy ◽  
Level 2

The Seoul Eco-mileage Program is a representative project of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant (OLNPP) scheme, which addresses the energy transition policy of Seoul aiming to reduce CO2 emissions. Unlike other governmental projects, the success of this program requires the direct participation of citizens. This study investigates the influence of civic engagement in participant towns (Level 1: 423 administrative towns) and districts (Level 2: 25 administrative districts) on CO2 emissions reduction (kg CO2/membership) throughout 2017 in Seoul via multilevel modeling. Our results show that town-level civic engagement, as measured by voter turnout, is positively correlated with the performance of the Eco-mileage Program. Moreover, when civic engagement factors (social trust, volunteer activities, and citizen participation) at Level 1 interact with Level 2 factors (housing prices, motivation of district leaders, and energy-saving practices) in each district, we observed cross-level interactive effects on CO2 reduction. Among Level 2 factors, the representative institutional capacities, such as financial independence and ordinance, showed positive correlations with the performance efficacy of the energy transition policy of Seoul.

scholarly journals The 3-machines energy transition model: exploring the energy frontiers for restoring a habitable climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Desing ◽  
Andreas Gerber ◽  
Roland Hischier ◽  
Patrick Wäger ◽  
Rolf Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration is on the rise, currently exceeding 420ppm. This is far above the 180ppm to 280ppm range of the past one million years and the anticipated safe limit of 350ppm. Consequently, halting fossil carbon emissions is necessary but insufficient to navigate to a safe climate future - massive and permanent removal of CO2 is inevitable. Humanity needs to do both: transit from the current fossil to a solar energy supply system and clean-up excess CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. The required global-scale transformation is ultimately limited by the availability of energy, beyond political ambitions and economic considerations. In this paper, the 3-machines energy transition model, a global system dynamics model based on energy balances, is presented and used to explore the energy frontiers for stabilizing the Earth's climate. The model comprises a hypothetical fossil engine, a solar engine including energy storage, and a carbon scrubber. These machines interact with Earth's carbon cycle and satisfy humanity’s energy demand. In 25 simulation experiments, shaped by a set of parameters regarding e.g. energy demand, energy storage and progression of the machines, the dynamics of the transformation and the effect on cumulative CO2 emissions were analysed. The resulting pathways reveal that, theoretically, atmospheric CO2 concentration can be reduced to 350ppm well before the end of this century while staying below 1.5°C with more than 50% probability. However, this requires the fastest possible energy transition, a massive and lasting carbon removal from atmosphere and hydrosphere, minimization of energy storage and a reduction of energy demand per capita.

scholarly journals Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage as a Defense Tool Against Climate Change: Current Developments in West Macedonia (Greece)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3321
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koukouzas ◽  
Pavlos Tyrologou ◽  
Dimitris Karapanos ◽  
Júlio Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Technologies

In West Macedonia (Greece), CO2 accounts as one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions related to the activity of the regional coal power plants located in Ptolemaida. The necessity to mitigate CO2 emissions to prevent climate change under the Paris Agreement's framework remains an ongoing and demanding challenge. It requires implementing crucial environmentally sustainable technologies to provide balanced solutions between the short-term needs for dependency on fossil fuels and the requirements to move towards the energy transition era. The challenge to utilise and store CO2 emissions will require actions aiming to contribute to a Europe-wide CCUS infrastructure. The Horizon 2020 European Project "STRATEGY CCUS "examines the potential for CO2 storage in the Mesohellenic Trough from past available data deploying the USDOE methodology. Research results show that CO2 storage capacities for the Pentalofos and Eptachori geological formations of the Mesohellenic Trough are estimated at 1.02 and 0.13 Gt, respectively, thus providing the potential for the implementation of a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions in Greece. A certain storage potential also applies to the Grevena sub-basin, offering the opportunity to store any captured CO2 in the area, including other remote regions.

scholarly journals Monofacial and Bifacial Micro PV Installation as Element of Energy Transition—The Case of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Piotr Olczak ◽  
Małgorzata Olek ◽  
Dominika Matuszewska ◽  
Artur Dyczko ◽  
Tomasz Mania
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The several government subsidies available in Poland contributed to an increased interest in PV installations. Installed PV capacity increased from 100 MW in 2016 up to 2682.7 MW in July 2020. In 2019 alone, 104,000 microinstallations (up to 50 kWp) were installed in Poland. The paper determines the energy gain and the associated reduction of CO2 emissions for two types of solar installation located in Poland. The monofacial solar modules with a power of 5.04 kWp (located in Leki) and bifacial solar modules with a power of 6.1 kWp (located in Bydgoszcz). Both installations use mono-crystalline Si-based 1st generation PV cells. With comparable insolation, a bifacial installation produces approx. 10% (for high insolation) to 28% (for low insolation) more energy than a monofacial PV installation. Avoided annual CO2 emission in relation to the installation capacity ranges from 0.58 to 0.64 Mg/kWp for monofacial and from 0.68 to 0.74 Mg/kWp for bifacial and is on average approx. 16% higher for bifacial installations. Cost-benefit analyses were made. For different electricity prices, the NPV for monofacial and bifacial was determined.

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