scholarly journals Employment at 55+: Do We Want to work Longer in Lithuania?

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Kristina Zitikytė
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Demographic Aging

 The Lithuanian population is aging, and it causes many difficulties for public finances by increasing expenditures on health care, long-term care, and pensions, and also for the labor market by creating labor shortages. One of the ways to cope with demographic aging is to rise the employment rate of older people. According to Eurostat, the employment rate of the elderly aged 55–64 years increased from 49.6 percent in 2005 to 68.5 percent in 2018 in Lithuania and it is higher than the average employment rate of older workers in European Union, which was 58.7 percent in 2018. This paper focuses on older people in Lithuania, aged 55 and over, trying to answer a question whether the elderly in Lithuania willingly work or try to find alternatives such as receiving long-term social insurance benefits. The research findings show that the activity of older people in the labor market grows, and even the share of people with disabilities staying in the labor market increases. However, this analysis also shows that older people are more under risk to lose their job during an economic crisis, and this suggests that trying to find work alternatives can be closely related to one’s economic situation. Moreover, health problems remain one of the main factors limiting the activity of older people in the labor market. It is also noticeable that some labor force reserves exist among people with disabilities and this supposes that creating better adapted working conditions for older and disabled workers in Lithuania could probably contribute to meeting the needs of an aging workforce.

scholarly journals German pension and labour market reforms and the potential rise of social inequality amongst older workers and pensioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Moritz Heß ◽  
◽  
Jürgen Bauknecht ◽  
Gerhard Naegele ◽  
Philipp Stiemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Labour Market Reforms

Policymakers in all European countries have implemented reforms aimed at delaying retirement and extending working lives mainly to mitigate financial pressure on public pay-asyou-go pension systems and to increase the supply of skilled labour. This could be a reason for an increase of older workers’ labour force participation. This increase was particularly strong in Germany. In the paper at hand, we will answer two research questions: i) how can this steep increase in German older workers’ employment rate be explained? Furthermore, and related to this: ii) have policies for longer working lives fostered inequality? We base our analysis on an extensive literature review and descriptive data analysis. We conclude that the rise of the employment rate of older workers in Germany has several causes. First, the German labour market has performed very well, so that the policy debate has shifted from unemployment to a lack of (skilled) labour. Second, there is a strong increase of female labour market participation. Third, due to cohort effects, today’s older workers are healthier and better skilled than their predecessors. Finally, the pension and labour market reforms aimed at delaying retirement had an effect. However, we also find that lowskilled and low-income workers increasingly have to delay their retirement due to financial reasons. It seems that social inequalities in the retirement transition are increasing in Germany.

Responding well to the challenge of an ageing and shrinking workforce. European Union policies in support of Member State efforts to Retain, Reinforce & Re-integrate Older Workers in employment

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz von Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Of Affairs

In response to the ageing and shrinking of the working-age population, the European Union has agreed ambitious goals for raising the employment rate and the exit age of older workers. This article traces the development of EU policy approaches and presents EU-15 figures on the state of affairs. Progress so far has been modest, but EU policies are expected to facilitate the emergence of better regimes of age management within Member States. In turn, this will help Europe move towards its employment targets for the working population aged 55 to 64 years.

Older Workers and the Peripheral Workforce: The Erosion of Gender Differences

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dale ◽  
Claire Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTAt a time when the proportion of full-time permanent jobs is decreasing and there is evidence of a growth in ‘peripheral’ forms of work, it is important to review the position of older workers, both men and women. Using data from the Labour Force Survey of 1984, it is shown that, while the employment rate falls sharply in the ten-year period prior to state retirement age, it is only those of post-retirement age who are disproportionately represented in peripheral forms of work. It is suggested that some ‘peripheral’ forms of work allow greater flexibility in age of retirement than permanent full-time jobs. While there are clear gender differences among those of pre-retirement age, with a higher proportion of women than men in peripheral jobs, there is a marked erosion of these gender differences amongst men and women who work beyond state retirement age.

scholarly journals Forecasts an employment rate of older workers in Poland with time – area analogy method /

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Anna Gondek
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Analogy Method ◽  
High Credibility

Summary This article presents the research which aim was to construct forecasts of an employment rate of older workers in Poland for next few years. The time - area analogy method was use in this study and brought high credibility forecasts of the employment rate based on analogies between Poland and UE countries in research phenomenon

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