scholarly journals Average per capita health expenditure growth, 2000-15 and 2015-30

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Growth ◽  
Capita Health Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita

The Analysis of Health Expenditure Determinates in Selected Asian Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Jain Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
National Development ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Capita Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Matter Concentration

This study examines the effect of environmental externalities on health expenditure, and identifies the determinants of health expenditure in a panel of 35 Asian countries for the period of 1995-2010. The study uses static panel data analysis. The results suggest that carbon monoxide emissions and particulate matter concentration (PM10) have a positive relationship with per capita health expenditure. Evidence also suggests that a change in health expenditure per capita in Asian countries is mainly explained by the change in population aged more than 65 years and above and country’s income affect the health expenditure allocation. The finding of this paper have important implication on the Asian countries policymakers in archiving the sustainability of national development especially on health related expenditure

scholarly journals Is Pollution a Cost to Health? Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry for the World’s Leading Polluting Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6624
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Enrico Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Capita Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

Making development sustainable in the long run is the goal of policy makers of countries all over the world. To attain such a goal, countries have to face the dynamics of pollution-income interactions in both the short and long run, which are observed along the well-known Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In the short run stage of the EKC, rising income and rising health expenditure may lead to rising pollution, while in the long run, as pollution continues, health expenditures increase, besides conservation of capital investment. The former is a common phenomenon in developing economies and the latter in the developed economies. Hence, there are both theoretical and empirical questions on whether health expenditures are caused by environmental pollution or not. The present study has attempted to investigate the issue from the theoretical point of view, through the endogenous growth framework, and by considering empirical observations for the world’s top 20 polluting countries for the period 1991–2019. The results show that per capita health expenditure and per capita pollution are cointegrated in the majority of the countries. However, in the short run, pollution is the cause of health expenditures for many developed countries in the list, and health expenditures are the cause of pollution in some of the developing countries. The results justify the claim of the endogenous growth model incorporating pollution and health expenditure.

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