A seismic source summary for Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Sultanov ◽  
J. R. Murphy ◽  
Kh. D. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract A summary of information is presented for 122 Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) detonated during the 1965 to 1988 time period. The data presented include detonation times, locations, explosion yields, and depths of burial, as well as summary information regarding the explosion configurations and source emplacement media. This summary is intended to provide a concise reference for use in research studies of the seismic data recorded from this unique set of explosion sources.

Seismic source summary for U.S. underground nuclear explosions, 1971-1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Springer ◽  
Ross L. Kinnaman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Surface Collapse

abstract A summary of information is presented for all announced U.S. underground nuclear explosions detonated during the 1971-1973 time period. The data include detonation times, locations, and depths of burial, as well as information about shot media and surface collapse (subsidence) phenomena. This summary is an addendum to a previous publication which covered the period 1961-1970, and includes some additions and corrections to that work.

Seismic source summary for U. S. underground nuclear explosions, 1961-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Springer ◽  
Ross L. Kinnaman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Surface Collapse

abstract A summary of information is presented for all announced U. S. underground nuclear explosions detonated during the 1961-1970 time period. The data include detonation times, locations, and depths of burial, as well as information about shot media and surface collapse (subsidence) phenomena. This summary is intended to furnish all available source data for studies of seismic sources, as well as studies of seismic transmission characteristics of the Earth.

Coherent noise in marine seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 854-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Larner ◽  
Ron Chambers ◽  
Mai Yang ◽  
Walt Lynn ◽  
Willon Wai
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Predictive Deconvolution ◽  
Scattered Energy ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Water Bottom

Despite significant advances in marine streamer design, seismic data are often plagued by coherent noise having approximately linear moveout across stacked sections. With an understanding of the characteristics that distinguish such noise from signal, we can decide which noise‐suppression techniques to use and at what stages to apply them in acquisition and processing. Three general mechanisms that might produce such noise patterns on stacked sections are examined: direct and trapped waves that propagate outward from the seismic source, cable motion caused by the tugging action of the boat and tail buoy, and scattered energy from irregularities in the water bottom and sub‐bottom. Depending upon the mechanism, entirely different noise patterns can be observed on shot profiles and common‐midpoint (CMP) gathers; these patterns can be diagnostic of the dominant mechanism in a given set of data. Field data from Canada and Alaska suggest that the dominant noise is from waves scattered within the shallow sub‐buttom. This type of noise, while not obvious on the shot records, is actually enhanced by CMP stacking. Moreover, this noise is not confined to marine data; it can be as strong as surface wave noise on stacked land seismic data as well. Of the many processing tools available, moveout filtering is best for suppressing the noise while preserving signal. Since the scattered noise does not exhibit a linear moveout pattern on CMP‐sorted gathers, moveout filtering must be applied either to traces within shot records and common‐receiver gathers or to stacked traces. Our data example demonstrates that although it is more costly, moveout filtering of the unstacked data is particularly effective because it conditions the data for the critical data‐dependent processing steps of predictive deconvolution and velocity analysis.

Colored and linear inversions to relative acoustic impedance

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. N15-N27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. M. Assis ◽  
Henrique B. Santos ◽  
Jörg Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Linear Inversion ◽  
Amplitude Inversion ◽  
Band Limited

Acoustic impedance (AI) is a widely used seismic attribute in stratigraphic interpretation. Because of the frequency-band-limited nature of seismic data, seismic amplitude inversion cannot determine AI itself, but it can only provide an estimate of its variations, the relative AI (RAI). We have revisited and compared two alternative methods to transform stacked seismic data into RAI. One is colored inversion (CI), which requires well-log information, and the other is linear inversion (LI), which requires knowledge of the seismic source wavelet. We start by formulating the two approaches in a theoretically comparable manner. This allows us to conclude that both procedures are theoretically equivalent. We proceed to check whether the use of the CI results as the initial solution for LI can improve the RAI estimation. In our experiments, combining CI and LI cannot provide superior RAI results to those produced by each approach applied individually. Then, we analyze the LI performance with two distinct solvers for the associated linear system. Moreover, we investigate the sensitivity of both methods regarding the frequency content present in synthetic data. The numerical tests using the Marmousi2 model demonstrate that the CI and LI techniques can provide an RAI estimate of similar accuracy. A field-data example confirms the analysis using synthetic-data experiments. Our investigations confirm the theoretical and practical similarities of CI and LI regardless of the numerical strategy used in LI. An important result of our tests is that an increase in the low-frequency gap in the data leads to slightly deteriorated CI quality. In this case, LI required more iterations for the conjugate-gradient least-squares solver, but the final results were not much affected. Both methodologies provided interesting RAI profiles compared with well-log data, at low computational cost and with a simple parameterization.

scholarly journals Persistent shallow micro-seismicity at Llaima volcano, Chile, with implications for long-term monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lamb ◽  
Jonathan Lees ◽  
Luis Franco Marin ◽  
Jonathan Lazo ◽  
Andrés Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Source Mechanisms ◽  
Llaima Volcano ◽  
Term Monitoring

Identifying the source mechanisms of low-frequency earthquakes at ice-covered volcanoes can be challenging due to overlapping characteristics of glacially and magmatically derived seismicity. Here we present an analysis of two months of seismic data from Llaima volcano, Chile, recorded by the permanent monitoring network in 2019. We find over 2,000 repeating low-frequency events split across 82 families, the largest of which contains over 200 events. Estimated locations for the largest families indicate shallow sources directly beneath or near the edge of glaciers around the summit vent. These low-frequency earthquakes are part of an annual cycle in activity at the volcano that is strongly correlated with variations in atmospheric temperature, leading us to conclude that meltwater from ice and snow strongly affects the seismic source mechanisms which is likely dominated by basal slip beneath the glaciers. The results presented here should inform future assessments of eruptive potential at Llaima volcano, as well as other ice-covered volcanoes in Chile and worldwide.

scholarly journals GROUND ROLL NOISE ATTENUATION IN 3D LAND SEISMIC DATA IN PARTS OF NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 04-06
Author(s):  
Bridget L. Lawrence ◽  
Etim D. Uko ◽  
Chibuogwu L. Eze ◽  
Chicozie Israel-Cookey ◽  
Iyeneomie Tamunobereton-ari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Offset ◽  
Receiver Design ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Ground Roll

Three-dimensional (3D) land seismic datasets were acquired from Central Depobelt in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria, with with the aim of attenuating ground roll noise from the dataset. The Omega (Schlumberger) software 2018 version was used along with frequency offset coherent noise suppression (FXCNS) and Anomalous Amplitude Attenuation (AAA) algorithms for ground roll attenuation. From the results obtained, Frequency Offset Coherent Noise Suppression (FXCNS) attenuates ground roll while AAA algorithm attenuates the residual high amplitude noise from the seismic data. Average frequency of the ground roll in the seismic data is 10.50Hz which falls within the actual range of ground roll frequency which is within the range of 3.00 – 18.00Hz. The average velocity of the ground roll in the seismic data is 477.36ms-1 while the velocity of ground roll ranges between 347.44 and 677.37ms-1. The wavelength of ground roll in the seismic data is 50.28m. The amplitude of the ground roll of -6.24dB is maximum at 4.2Hz. Frequency of signal ranges between 10.21 and 25.12Hz with an average of 17.67Hz. Signal amplitude of -8.32dB is maximum at 6.30Hz, while its wavelength is 57.12m. The results of this work can be used in the seismic source-receiver design for application in the area of study. Moreover, with ground roll noise attenuated, a better image of the subsurface geology is obtained hence reducing the risk of obtaining a wild cat drilling.

Transmission-based near-surface deconvolution

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. V169-V181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Colombo ◽  
Diego Rovetta ◽  
Ernesto Sandoval-Curiel ◽  
Apostolos Kontakis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Seismic Recording ◽  
Exploration Area ◽  
Scalar Amplitude

We have developed a new framework for performing surface-consistent amplitude balancing and deconvolution of the near-surface attenuation response. Both approaches rely on the early arrival waveform of a seismic recording, which corresponds to the refracted or, more generally speaking, to the transmitted energy from a seismic source. The method adapts standard surface-consistent amplitude compensation and deconvolution to the domain of refracted/transmitted waves. A sorting domain specific for refracted energy is extended to the analysis of amplitude ratios of each trace versus a reference average trace to identify amplitude residuals that are inverted for surface consistency. The residual values are either calculated as a single scalar value for each trace or as a function of frequency to build a surface-consistent deconvolution operator. The derived operators are then applied to the data to obtain scalar amplitude balancing or amplitude balancing with spectral shaping. The derivation of the operators around the transmitted early arrival waveforms allows for deterministically decoupling the near-surface attenuation response from the remaining seismic data. The developed method is fully automatic and does not require preprocessing of the data. As such, it qualifies as a standard preprocessing tool to be applied at the early stages of seismic processing. Applications of the developed method are provided for a case in a complex, structure-controlled wadi, for a seismic time-lapse [Formula: see text] land monitoring case, and for an exploration area with high dunes and sabkhas producing large frequency-dependent anomalous amplitude responses. The new development provides an effective tool to enable better reservoir characterization and monitoring with land seismic data.

A method of phase identification for seismic data acquired with the controlled accurate seismic source (CASS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Bing Xue ◽  
Rensheng Cui ◽  
Guoliang Gu ◽  
Chaoyong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Central Frequency ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Seismic Wave Velocities ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Repeatability

SUMMARY With the advantages of the little destruction to the deployment site and high repeatability compared with explosive sources, the controlled accurate seismic source (CASS) has many potential applications with respect to the investigation of the crustal structure and seismic wave velocities. However, the signal generated by the CASS rapidly attenuates with the increasing distance because of its poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Consequently, the difficulties in identifying specific seismic phases from the CASS data limit its application and popularization. The aim of this study is to present a new method to improve the accuracy of traveltime estimation and to identify more seismic phases travelling through the crust. We adopt the global seismic phase scanning algorithms (GSPSA) combined with an optimized narrowband time-varying filter, whose central frequency corresponds to the instantaneous frequency of the linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals produced by the CASS. Using the seismic data from the 40-ton CASS in a field experiment around Xinfengjiang reservoir in southeast China, we attain the seismic phases such as Pg, Sg, PmP and SmS at epicentral distances of more than 200 km with GSPSA. To identify and verify these seismic phases information, we also calculate synthetic waveforms. The results demonstrate that the GSPSA method is an effective tool for seismic phase identification of CASS data.

GASBUGGY SEISMIC SOURCE MEASUREMENTS

Geophysics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Perret
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Displacement Potentials ◽  
Gas Bearing ◽  
Peak Value

Gasbuggy, a 29‐kt nuclear experiment, was detonated December 10, 1967, at a depth of 4240 ft in the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. Its purpose was to develop techniques for stimulation of natural gas production from tight gas‐bearing formations. Data from four subsurface instrument stations in a boring 1500 ft from Gasbuggy indicated formation of a spherical cavity of 88 ft radius and a microfracture radius of about 480 ft. The mean peak value of reduced displacement potentials which defined the seismic source was [Formula: see text]. Calculations indicate that about 2 percent of the energy released remained in the seismic source at 1500 ft. Data from surface motion instruments distributed between surface zero and 8400 ft were similar to those observed above any other contained nuclear explosions. Spalling was indicated at all surface stations. Transient vertical displacements indicate a mound about 6.7 inches high near surface zero and extending through the most remote station where uplift was 0.3 inch.

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