Frequency-dependent attenuation in eastern Kazakhstan and implications for seismic detection thresholds in the Soviet Union

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (6B) ◽  
pp. 2089-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Abstract The frequency-dependent attenuation of regional seismic phases recorded by three stations near the nuclear explosion test site in eastern Kazakhstan is estimated by inverting spectra from 21 events with magnitudes between 2.3 and 4.6 at distances between 200 and 1300 km. The Pn spectra are inverted between 1 and 10 Hz, and the Lg spectra are inverted between 0.5 and 2.5 Hz. The motivation for this study is that previous estimates of detection capability in the Soviet Union are based on data recorded in other regions (eastern North America and Scandinavia) and therefore have large uncertainty. The data recently recorded in eastern Kazakhstan provide an excellent opportunity to compare regional wave propagation and noise characteristics at these sites to conditions assumed in previous detection capability simulations. It is found that attenuation in eastern Kazakhstan is not much different from attenuation in Scandinavia, but it is greater than attenuation in eastern North America. This implies that estimates of detection thresholds that assume attenuation like that observed in eastern North America will be lower than estimates of detection thresholds that assume attenuation like that observed in eastern Kazakhstan or Scandinavia. However, it is not known how well data recorded in eastern Kazakhstan represent conditions in other areas of the Soviet Union.

Cambrian Radiolaria from Utah

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. White
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Radiolaria have been recovered in acid residues from late Middle Cambrian strata in western Utah. Although the first Cambrian radiolaria were described by Nazarov (1973) from the Batenevskij Mountains of eastern Kazakhstan in the Soviet Union, radiolaria have not been reported from the Cambrian of North America. Except for the Kazakhstan specimens, the oldest known radiolaria are from the Lower Ordovician of western Spitsbergen (Fortey and Holdsworth, 1971). In North America only two accounts of Ordovician assemblages have been reported from southwestern Newfoundland and eastern Nevada (Bergström, 1974; Dunham and Murphy, 1976).

The upper Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian-Permian) ammonoid Emilites

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal H. Mapes ◽  
Darwin R. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Permian Ammonoid

Four species of Emilites are now known; these are E. incertus (Böse), E. plummeri Ruzhencev, E. brownwoodi n. sp., and E. bennisoni n. sp. Representatives of this genus may occur as early as Middle Pennsylvanian in North America to as late as Early Permian in the Soviet Union. All described taxa are from North America except E. plummeri, which is from the Soviet Union. Because Emilites is extremely rare in upper Paleozoic ammonoid assemblages, generic and species level phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Emilites is not considered to be a good generic-level zone indicator due to its relatively long time range and its rarity.

What Happened to Soviet Security Studies?: An Essay on the State of the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Brian D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Weapons Procurement ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Expert Community

Security issues were a central part of Soviet studies. This article considers how the study of security issues has changed with respect to Russia and Eurasia since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. It highlights a series of positive changes: a broadening of vision beyond Moscow, more engagement with mainstream social science, greater attention to security issues internal to post-Soviet states, and the creation of an expert community that spans North America, Europe, and Eurasia. At the same time, I argue that scholarship on Russian and Eurasian security issues has become less strategic, in the sense this word is used by Richard Betts – about the interaction of political ends and military means, rooted in an appreciation of military science. The academy, especially in North America, has become a less welcoming place for scholars working on Russia and Eurasia who care about previously central issues in the field such as nuclear strategy, weapons procurement, military doctrine, and defense planning.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of t-complex genes in European wild mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Klein ◽  
Peter Sipos ◽  
Felipe Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
T Complex ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThirty-two t haplotypes were extracted from wild mice captured in Central Europe, Spain, the Soviet Union, Israel, Egypt, the Orkneys and South and North America, and tested for lethality in the homozygous state. Twenty-two proved to be homozygous lethals, 8 semilethals and 2 viables. The lethal t haplotypes were then tested by the genetic complementation test for identity with representatives of known complementation groups and with each other. Five of the 22 haplotypes proved to carry previously identified lethality factors (tw5, tw73, and tLub-1), while the rest carried new factors. The 17 haplotypes fell into 8 new complementation groups. Two of the new groups are partially overlapping in that they seem to share some lethality factors and differ in others. These tests raise the total number of known complementation groups to 16. The distribution of the individual t haplotypes among wild mice populations seems to reflect their differentiation from a common ancestor haplotype.

scholarly journals Ondatra zibethicus

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6146-2018
Author(s):  
GUGOŁEK ANDRZEJ ◽  
DOROTA KOWALSKA
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Small Game ◽  
The Soviet Union

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent which belongs to the Cricetidae family. This species is native to North America. Nowadays muskrats due to introduction also inhabit Asia and Europe. In Poland, muskrats are counted to small game. They were also bred on fur farms, mainly in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Poland.

Monitoring nuclear test sites with GERESS

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (1A) ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
M. L. Jost ◽  
J. Schweitzer ◽  
H.-P. Harjes
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Tuamotu Archipelago ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Lop Nor ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Abstract Since the installation of the 25-element GERman Experimental Seismic System (GERESS) array in southeastern Germany in 1990, 36 presumed nuclear tests were recorded by this system: 16 from Nevada, 12 from the Tuamotu Archipelago, 7 from Lop Nor, and 1 from Novaya Zemlya. Also, a chemical calibration experiment at Nevada Test Site (NPE) was observed at the array in 1993. In addition, two presumed nuclear events from Nevada, four from the Tuamotu Archipelago, and six from eastern Kazakhstan were recorded on temporary stations close to the GERESS array during the site survey (1988 to 1989). These latter 12 events were carefully included in this study to broaden the data set. This has been done since the number of underground nuclear tests observable at the GERESS site is not expected to increase significantly in the future because most nuclear powers have adhered to a moratorium on nuclear testing. In addition, we also do not expect that peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) will be detonated in the future due to reasons of environmental hazard. Concentrating on Nevada Test Site and the Tuamotu Archipelago, a cross-correlation method and a cluster analysis indicate subgroups of the data. These empirical methods clearly discriminate presumed nuclear tests on the islands of Mururoa and Fangataufa. In addition, detection thresholds at GERESS were estimated based on bodywave magnitudes published by ISC: mb = 4.3 for the Nevada Test Site, mb = 3.9 for the Tuamotu Archipelago, mb = 4.6 for Lop Nor, mb = 4.3 for Novaya Zemlya, and mb = 4.4 for eastern Kazakhstan. Clearly, these path-specific detection thresholds deviate substantially from those derived from global amplitude-distance relations (i.e., Gutenberg-Richter). This indicates that a network of seismic stations used for global monitoring purposes may need careful calibration.

New early Paleozoic Hyolithida and Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Malinky
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges

Reexamination of collections of North American Hyolitha reveals the presence of several new genera and several taxa previously known only from southeastern Europe and the Soviet Union. New representatives of the family Hyolithidae in North America are Doescherina clarki n. gen. and sp. from the Upper Cambrian of Montana and Grantitheca glenisteri n. gen. and sp. from the Lower Cambrian of New York. The geographic and stratigraphic ranges of Nevadotheca Malinky are extended by placement of Hyolithes excellens Billings from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland and H. princeps Billings from the Lower Cambrian of Quebec in that genus, and by the occurrence of the new species N. heckeli in the Upper Cambrian of Tennessee. Diversity within the Hyolithidae is further increased by the discovery of specimens representing a new genus in the Upper Cambrian of Alberta, but that genus remains indeterminate because those specimens are not well preserved.The type lot of Hyolithes communis Billings from the Lower Cambrian of Quebec is here included under Nitoricornus Syssoiev, to which the species H. impar Ford from the Lower Cambrian of New York is also transferred. Morphology of specimens of Hyolithes quadricostatus Shaler and Foerste from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland requires placement under Holmitheca quadricostatus (Shaler and Foerste) and Novitatus mapesi n. sp., family Novitatidae, order Orthothecida. Formerly, Nitoricornus Syssoiev, Holmitheca Syssoiev, and Novitatus Syssoiev were known only from the Soviet Union. These occurrences extend their geographic ranges to North America. The first known representative of the family Pauxillitidae Marek in North America, Neopauxillites zlatarskii n. gen. and sp., extends the range of that family from the Ordovician of Czechoslovakia to the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland.Overall poor preservation of type specimens of Hyolithes americanus (Hall), H. gregarius (Meek and Hayden), H. primordialis (Hall), and H. welleri Roy precludes complete diagnoses of these species and confident assignment to genus. Hyolithes americanus and H. welleri are tentatively included under Grantitheca; the other species remain under Hyolithes with question. The names of these species should not be used for new material until better preserved topotypes become available for study.

scholarly journals Muskrat

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. cover-iii
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ GUGOŁEK ◽  
DOROTA KOWALSKA
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Small Game ◽  
The Soviet Union

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent which belongs to the Cricetidae family. This species is native to North America. Nowadays muskrats due to introduction also inhabit Asia and Europe. In Poland, muskrats are counted to small game. They were also bred on fur farms, mainly in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Poland.

scholarly journals International Conference on Muslim Minority /Majority Relations

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
S. Mazhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
West Germany ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The International Conference on Muslim Minority/Majority Relations held in New York, Rabi' al Awwal 23-25, 1410/0ctober 24 to 26, 1989 brought to the fore some of the little known but significantly major problems faced by the Muslim minority communities in many parts of the world. The magnitude of the problem can be seen from the fact that the Muslim minorities form one-third of the world Muslim population, over 300 million out of an estimated one billion Muslims. The three day conference was divided into different areas of concern. Over 50 papers were presented. Among the topics discussed were: North American Arab Muslims, an Intellectual and Attitudinal Profile of the Muslim Community in North America; Muslim/Non-Muslim Relations in America; Economic Development of Indian Muslims, Issues and Problems; The Turks in Bulgaria; South Africa: The Role of a Muslim Minority in a Situation of Change; The Islamic Minorities in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique; Muslim/Christian Relations in Sudan; Muslim Women in an Alien Society: A Case Study in West Germany; Muslims in Britain: Some Recent Developments; Muslim Minorities and non-Muslim Party Politics in the Netherlands; Muslim Minorities in the Soviet Union, China, Australia, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Philippines, Thailand and other areas.  The first day of the conference was devoted to North America, Asia and Africa. In the session on North America, Dr. Ni'mat Barazangi highlighted the fact that the process of adjustment and integration of Muslims in America had its own challenges. On the one hand, the immigrant Muslims realize the need to maintain their religious and cultural identity, and, on the other, it is not easy, or even practical, to stay away from the mainstream of the majority culture and its impact ...

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