A catalog of historical earthquakes in China compiled from recent Chinese publications

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2016
Author(s):  
W. H. K. Lee ◽  
F. T. Wu ◽  
Carl Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
The World ◽  
Earthquakes In China ◽  
Epicentral Intensity ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Seismograph Network

abstract A catalog of historical earthquakes in China from 1177 B.C. to 1899 A.D. has been compiled in a form suitable for computers. The data include the date, epicenter, magnitude, and epicentral intensity of the earthquake as well as the province where the earthquake occurred. The source materials are publications in Chinese of the Institute of Geophysics, Academia Sinica. Some of the historical events are evidently related to large faults that are easily discernible from satellite images. Comparing the historical seismicity map to epicenters located by the World Wide Standardized Seismograph Network stations since 1962, we may see the influence of population distribution on the historical data.

Macroseismic Survey of the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake and Historical Seismicity of San Giuliano di Puglia

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Galli ◽  
Diego Molin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Local Intensity ◽  
Molise Earthquake ◽  
Epicentral Intensity ◽  
The Village ◽  
Macroseismic Survey ◽  
Marly Limestone

The eastern Molise earthquake had an epicentral intensity of Io=7–8 MCS (Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale) and a maximum intensity of Imax=8–9 in the village of San Giuliano di Puglia. The historical portion of this village, built on a marly limestone hill, had intensities of 6–7 MCS, whereas the most recently developed area, on a crest of marly clays, had a local intensity of I=9–10 MCS, and was almost totally destroyed. Neighboring villages were generally struck with an intensity of 6–7 MCS. In several places, the damage was due to gravity-driven phenomena affecting both the rocky and clayey substratum of the villages. The epicentral area is characterized by the lack of historical earthquakes comparable to the 2002 sequence, having suffered only the effects of distant, strong (M>6.5) events, coming either from the Apennine seismogenic belt or from the Gargano area.

The Black Sea factor influencing the wastewater disposal strategy for Istanbul

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
I. Ethem Gönenç ◽  
Oguz Müftüoglu ◽  
Bilsen Beler Baykal ◽  
Ertugrul Dogan ◽  
Hüseyin Yüce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
The World ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Unlike other seas of the world, the Black Sea shows unique quality and trophic properties. Fortunately, only the upper layer water of the Black Sea is introduced into the Bosphorus and has a significant effect on the quality and trophic conditions of the Marmara Sea. These effects are discussed in the light of data obtained from collaborative efforts of Turkish and Romanian research institutions and processed satellite images. In conjunction with these discussions, recommendations for a suitable effluent disposal strategy for Istanbul's wastewater have been given.

scholarly journals Population cluster data to assess the urban-rural split and electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Khavari ◽  
Alexandros Korkovelos ◽  
Andreas Sahlberg ◽  
Mark Howells ◽  
Francesco Fuso Nerini
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Rural

AbstractHuman settlements are usually nucleated around manmade central points or distinctive natural features, forming clusters that vary in shape and size. However, population distribution in geo-sciences is often represented in the form of pixelated rasters. Rasters indicate population density at predefined spatial resolutions, but are unable to capture the actual shape or size of settlements. Here we suggest a methodology that translates high-resolution raster population data into vector-based population clusters. We use open-source data and develop an open-access algorithm tailored for low and middle-income countries with data scarcity issues. Each cluster includes unique characteristics indicating population, electrification rate and urban-rural categorization. Results are validated against national electrification rates provided by the World Bank and data from selected Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). We find that our modeled national electrification rates are consistent with the rates reported by the World Bank, while the modeled urban/rural classification has 88% accuracy. By delineating settlements, this dataset can complement existing raster population data in studies such as energy planning, urban planning and disease response.

The Political Economics of Population Growth: The Case of China

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Simon Kuznets

Some economists argue that high population density and rapid population growth are not in themselves impediments to economic development. On the basis of a quantitative analysis of historical data, Simon Kuznets, for instance, concludes that, historically, rates of economic development have not significantly correlated, either positively or negatively, with rates of population growth. Similarly, E. E. Hagen observes that “nowhere in the world has population growth induced by rising income been sufficient to halt the rise in income. … The historical record indicates that rise in income in these societies has failed to occur not because something thwarted it, but because no force has been present to cause income to rise.

Impact of Urban Growth on Market activities in Gombe Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Faruk Gaya ◽  
Mu’azu Audu Zanuwa ◽  
Kamaludeen Adamu Muhammad ◽  
Mashkurah Ahmed Usman ◽  
Shehu Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Urban growth concept has dragged the attention of several scholars of different fields of study for decades. Urban growth refers to expansion of urban centres in size due population growth, which hiked the number of buildings in urban centres around the world. The finding of the paper indicate that Gombe Metropolis expanded by (85 hectares) each year from 2000 to 2010 and the expansion of Gombe Metropolis occur in all direction. The rate at which Gombe Metropolis expand grown to (203 hectares) each year from 2010 up to date. Therefore, the rate at which Gombe metropolis expanded increases by 138% from 2010 to date and how number of markets increases to 16 currently from 12 in the year 2010. This paper study the Impact of urban growth on market in Gombe Metropolis. Coordinate of markets of existing markets was collected. For second set of data used in this paper i.e. secondary data which include map of Gombe metropolis, related journals, text books, published and unpublished document, and Newspaper were consulted. The data generated from questionnaire administration were analysed using tables, graphs and charts. Satellite images showing how urban growth is taken place in Gombe Metropolis were also analysed. The study examines the impact of urban growth on Gombe Metropolis markets activities over the period of study. The findings of the study indicate emergence of new markets in the study area over the years of study as a result of urban expansion that occur in Gombe Metropolis. It also indicated that the new established markets were located in areas where urban growth take place in study area and these new markets are patronized by people within the environment or vicinity of the markets. Most of the newly emerged markets are located at the periphery of the town where urban expansions occur rapidly.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals Hybrid model of airlines as a determinant of the development of air carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Anna Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Air Carriers ◽  
Source Materials

The aviation market is one of the most dynamic factors determining economic develop-ment in the world. In addition, it is susceptible to economic and political crises. The air services market is also characterized by a very large diversity of clients within the market segments. Adaptation of an appropriate business model may be a condition for success, with the increase of ASK, RPK and LF ratios. The aim of the work is to indicate the basic elements of business models of airlines that make up the hybrid model. The article also describes the evolution of Ryanair, which from the carrier emphasizing the lowest price aspires to the carrier offering flights with better quality than its competitors. The source materials of the study are available literature on the subject, own analysis based on secondary sources.

scholarly journals A short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Suleiman ◽  
P. Albini ◽  
P. Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Macroseismic Effects ◽  
Instrumental Recording ◽  
Earthquake Effects

As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.

scholarly journals A new catalogue of earthquakes in the historical Armenian area from antiquity to the 12th century

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
G. Traina
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
New Localities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catalogue Of Earthquakes

The present contribution describes the method of work, the types of source materia] used, and the historio- graphical and historico-eismic tradition of Armenia. The catalogue' s territorial frame of reference is that of socalled historical Armenia (which included part of present Eastern Turkey, and part of present Azerbaijan). The sources belong to different languages and cultures: Armenian, Syriac, Greek, Arab, Persian and Georgian. A comparison of the local sources with those belonging to other cultures enab]es the historical and seismological I"adition of the Mediterl'anean to be "linked" with that of the Iranian p]ateau, traditionally considered as two separate areas. We analyzed historical events listed in the most recent catalogues of earthquakes in the Armenian area compiled by Kondorskaya and Shebalin (1982) and Karapetian (1991). Important and valuable though these catalogues are, they are in need of revision. We found evidence for six hitherto unrecorded seismic events. Numerous errors of dating and location have been corrected, and several new localities and seismic effects have been evidenced. Each modification of the previous catalogues has been documented on the hasis of the historiographical and literary sources and the data from the written sources have been linked with those concerning the history of Armenian cities and architecture (monasteries, churches, episcopal complexes). On the whole. the revised earthquakes seem underestimated in the previous catalogues. The aim of this catalogue is to make a contribution to the knowledge of historical seismicity in Armenia, and at the same time to underline the specific nature of the Armenian case, thus avoiding a procedure which has generally tended to place this area in a marginal position, within the wider field of other research on historical earthquakes.

scholarly journals A large unknown historical earthquake in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy): combination of geological and historical data

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D'Addezio ◽  
F. R. Cinti ◽  
D. Pantosti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Historical Investigation

The combination of paleoseismological and historical investigation can be used to obtain a complete knowledge of past earthquakes. In Italy the 1000 year-long record of historical earthquakes provides an opportunity to compare data from the catalogue with results from paleoseismologic investigations. Trenching results along the Ovindoli-Pezza Fault (OPF). in the Abruzzi region. showed two surface faulting events. The most recent of these events occurred after 1019 A.D. and should be reported in the Catalogue of Italian Seismicity. Nevertheless, the earthquake appears to be missed or not well located in the Catalogue. In order to define in which century a large earthquake on the OPF should have clearly left a sign in the historical record, we carried out historical investigations back to the XI century. The studies were mainly focu5ed on disclosing possible <<negative>> e vidence for the occurrence of the most recent event along the OPF. No clear records related to this event were found but on the basis of the information we obtained the occurrence of this earthquake can be constrained between 1019 A.D. and the XV century. possibly between 1019 A.D. and XIII century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document