Study of seismological evasion

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Evernden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Complete Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Effective Use

abstract This paper discusses seismological aspects of various proposed means of obscuring or hiding the seismic signatures of explosions from a surveillance network. These so-called evasion schemes are discussed from the points of view of both the evader and the monitor. The analysis will be conducted in terms of the USSR since that country is so vast and its geological and geophysical complexities are so great that the complete spectrum of hypothesized evasion schemes requires discussion. Part I of this paper was a general discussion of these evasion schemes, placing the concepts within the reality of general factors influencing effective use of the techniques. This part of the paper (part II) describes techniques for quantitative investigation of evasion schemes when the only noise problem is normal microseismic noise, and will give analyses of several seismological networks as regards their capabilities to restrain imagined clandestine testing by the USSR under such noise conditions. Part III will describe techniques appropriate for use when the noise problem is the P- and surface-wave codas of earthquakes, and will give analyses of capabilities of several seismological networks to restrain use of such codas for effective evasion.

Study of seismological evasion

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Evernden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Complete Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Effective Use

abstract This paper discusses seismological aspects of various proposed means of obscuring or hiding the seismic signatures of explosions from a surveillance network. These so-called evasion schemes are discussed from the points of view of both the evader and the monitor. The analysis will be conducted in terms of the USSR solely because that country is so vast and the geological/geophysical complexities of the country are so great that the complete spectrum of hypothesized evasion schemes requires discussion. Part I of this paper was a general discussion of evasion schemes, placing the concepts within the reality of general factors influencing effective use of the techniques. Part II described techniques for quantitative investigation of evasion schemes when the only noise problem is normal microseismic noise, and gave analyses of several seismological networks as regards their capabilities to restrain imagined clandestine testing by the USSR under such noise conditions. This part of the paper (part III) describes techniques appropriate for use when the noise problem is interference due to codas of P and surface waves from earthquakes, and it will give analyses of capabilities of several seismological networks to restrain use of such codas for effective evasion.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing Effective Utilization Coefficient of Irrigation Water in the Manas River Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Lili Yang ◽  
Tong Heng ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grey Model ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Utilization Coefficient ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effective Use

The factors influencing the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water are not understood well. It is usually considered that this coefficient is lower in areas with large-scale irrigation. With this background, we analyzed the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water using the analytic hierarchy process using data from 2014 to 2019 in Shihezi City, Xinjiang. The weights of the influencing factors on the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in different irrigation areas were analyzed. Predictions of the coefficient’s values for different years were made by understanding the trends based on the grey model. The results show that the scale of the irrigation area is not the only factor determining the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Irrigation technology, organizational integrity, crop types, water price management, local economic level, and channel seepage prevention are the most critical factors affecting the effective use of irrigation water. The grey model prediction results show that the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will continuously increase and reach 0.7204 in 2029. This research can serve as a reference for government authorities to make scientific decisions on water-saving projects in irrigation districts in terms of management, operation, and investment.

scholarly journals The Factors Affecting the Sociolinguistic and Strategic Competencies in English among Teachers in Higher Education Teachers in Lipa City

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Tipan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
School Year ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Language Competencies ◽  
The Relationship

The study attempted to describe the factors affecting the sociolinguistic andstrategic competencies in English among teachers in Higher Education Institutionsin Lipa City and determine the relationship between the demographic characteristicsand their assessments. The study was done during the school year 2010-2011. ThreeHigher Education Institutions in Lipa City were selected as the research locale. Totalenumeration was used as sampling for the study. Both quantitative and qualitativeresearch methods were employed. The respondents agreed that the factors of contextof acquisition, accommodating speech norms and code switching, degree of contactwith second language users and level of confidence affect their sociolinguisticcompetence. Likewise, they also agreed that the factors of questioning skills and useof non-verbal communication affect their strategic competencies. Variations in termsof the relationships of different demographic characteristics and their sociolinguisticand strategic competencies were also established. A general sense, the teachers’diverse characteristics generated different points of view on how the factors affecttheir competencies. This led to the conclusion that they are the ones responsible why the factors influence their competencies. They should be the ones responsible for affecting culture and not culture to affect their language competencies. It is of greatimportance that teachers should take the initiative to study and systematically use thecompetencies which they can work on. HEI administrators should offer professionaldevelopment seminars as these are necessary for the effective use of the teachers’competencies.Keywords: competency, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competency,context of acquisition, code switching, confidence questioning skills, non-verbalcommunication

A Granular Framework for Recognition of Arabic Handwriting

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Beldjehem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Granularity Level ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Effective Use

We propose a novel cognitively motivated unifying framework for Arabic handwriting recognition that takes into account the nature of the human reading process of Arabic handwriting. This Modular Granular Architecture tackles the problem by observing Arabic handwriting from both perceptual and linguistic points of view and hence analyzes the underlying input signal from different granularity levels. It is based on three levels of abstraction: a low granularity level that uses perceptual features called global visual indices, a medium granularity level that is the conventional recognition stage and a high granularity level that consists on morphological analysis dedicated to segmentation/recognition. The original idea is the effective use of Arabic word's morphology in the recognition not only in post-processing. This architecture carries well around the Arabic word's morphology, as typically in Arabic, the Arabic word's morphology is by excellence the logical structure (even semantic) of a given Arabic word, whereas the visual data constitute the physical geometric (topological) structure of a given word. We need to integrate both of them for an effective cooperative recognition of Arabic Handwriting. This framework subsumes the lexicon-driven approaches; in that it can recognize a word that does not exist within the lexicon.

scholarly journals Organizational Factors Influencing Effective Use of CRM Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Šebjan ◽  
Samo Bobek ◽  
Polona Tominc
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Effective Use

scholarly journals THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO DIGITAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-962
Author(s):  
V.G. Kostenkova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Effective Use

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of fundamental changes in the organization of the higher education system in connection with the transition to the fourth technological order, which is accompanied by the formation and development of digital technologies, the effective use of which presupposes that an employee has a system of modern knowledge and competencies. In these conditions, we can talk about the formation of the economy of knowledge. Only in this case an innovative version of the development of the national economy of Russia becomes a real. The article discusses various points of view on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the system of higher education in the era of the digital economy. The modern higher education system is the result of the classical industrial era, when mass standardization was considered the most important criterion for success. Traditional formal education was essentially a copy of the generally accepted model of factory production. The education model was designed in such a way that learners were passive recipients of information. The basic values of this system of higher education were control, standardization, compliance with generally accepted standards. However, this option has exhausted the possibilities of its development. It is noted that the digital transformation of the learning process should create conditions for the effective use of the latest technologies for the transition to a personalized and result-oriented educational process. In relation to Russia, this means the development of material infrastructure, the introduction of digital programs, the development of online learning, the development of new management systems for universities and learning processes.

Factors Influencing Marketing Performance on the Web

2001 ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Ranchhod ◽  
Julie Tinson ◽  
Fan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Site Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Commercial Company ◽  
On Line ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Marketing Executives

Despite the current development of Internet marketing, understanding the effective use of the Internet still poses problems for academic researchers and marketers (Kassaye, 1999). This research attempts to empirically explore some aspects of the factors influencing commercial company Internet and Web development. The key factors considered for company Internet and Web site development are technology capacity, the use of different developers, company on-line measurement patterns and marketing executives’ Web site knowledge. As a result of a cross-sectional comparative study of ‘effective’ and ‘ineffective’ companies, the findings indicate that companies with better performance from Web sites tend to possess higher technological capabilities for Internet-based marketing. It seems that their marketing executives have more knowledge of technical aspects of Web site development. They tend to be early Internet adopters using a multiple approach to measure their on-line performance. These results help to improve general understanding of company effectiveness in developing on-line marketing strategies.

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