T-phase radiators in the western Aleutians

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rockne H. Johnson ◽  
Roger A. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Aleutian Arc ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
T Phase ◽  
The Relationship

abstract The aftershocks of the Rat Islands earthquake of 4 February 1965 provided a large volume of data for processing with a T-phase source location program. Although the earthquake epicenters were somewhat uniformly distributed through the Rat and Near Islands region, the computed T-phase sources were grouped in six clusters along the Aleutian arc. The clusters are considered to represent radiation from distinct sites along the Aleutian Ridge. These sites are probably submarine promontories which, due to their exposure, radiate energy over broader arcs of the Pacific than do intervening regions. The relationship of T-phase strength to earthquake magnitude varied little among these radiators; however, T phases from sources south of the Aleutian trench were significantly weaker. Identification of the arrivals from separate radiators in the signal from the main shock allowed an estimation of the length and velocity of the faulting. The estimate was 500 km and 3.5 km/sec.

Routine location of T-phase sources in the Pacific

1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rockne H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Early Results ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
The Kuril Islands ◽  
T Phase

abstract A program for the routine location of T-phase sources in the Pacific is described. Data for this program are supplied principally by the Pacific Missile Range hydrophone network. Arrival times and power levels are read at Honolulu for processing by an IBM 7040 computer. The solution for location and origin time is the least-squares fit to all hydrophone arrivals which are weighted according to their distribution in azimuth and their distance from the T-phase source. The velocities for the program are obtained from algebraic functions of latitude and longitude which are based upon shot calibrations and upon hydrographic measurements. A T-phase strength is computed from readings of peak power level in a manner analogous to earthquake magnitude. Early results for the r.m.s. difference between T-phase source locations and the corresponding earthquake epicenters were 0.6° in the Aleutians and 1.1° in the Kuril Islands.

Difference between aftershocks and foreshocks in the relationship of magnitude to frequency of occurrence for the great Chilean earthquake of 1960

1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Shigeji Suyehiro
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Frequency Equation ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Similar Investigation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chilean Earthquake

abstract When a relatively small perceptible earthquake occurred near a tripartite net of high sensitivity in central Japan, a substantial difference was found between its 25 foreshocks and 173 aftershocks in the relation of frequency of occurrence and magnitude. For that study the coefficient “b” in the magnitude versus frequency equation is 0.35 for the former and 0.76 for the latter. A similar investigation has been carried out on the great Chilean earthquake of 1960, also accompanied by many foreshocks and aftershocks. Using four sensitive and suitably located U.S.C.G.S. stations, Eureka, Tucson, South Pole, and Byrd, foreshocks and aftershocks were located in addition to those reported by U.S.C.G.S. or B.C.I.S. Forty-five foreshocks and 250 aftershocks were found in a period of 33 hours before and 33 hours after the main shock. The same characteristic found for the Japanese earthquake was also found for the Chilean earthquake; i.e. the foreshocks showed a different picture from the aftershocks for the frequency of occurrence, and an appreciably smaller value seems to be valid for “b” of the foreshocks.

Hierarchy and power in the Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Siikala
Keyword(s):  
Recent History ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Postcolonial State ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Arrangements

Looking at recent turmoil in political processes in the Pacific, the article discusses the relationship of socio-cosmic holism and hierarchy in Tonga, Samoa and Fiji to western ideologies of democracy and individualism. Incorporation of traditional chieftainship into colonial and postcolonial state structures has had different outcomes in each case. The structural arrangements, which according to Dumont are seen as intermediary forms, are looked at using material from the recent history of the societies. Thus the riots in Nukuʻalofa orchestrated by the Tongan democracy movement, the military coup in Fiji and the multiplication of chiefly titles in Samoa are seen as results of the interplay of local and western ideologies culminating in notions of holism and individualism.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Students Venture Online Business

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8621-8623
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to examine the factors that influenced the students to venture into online business. There are three main factors that become the objective of the study, namely relationship with interest, lifestyle and financial problems. The study also aims to see how far the relationship of these factors to each other. This study is a descriptive form and uses a questionnaire to obtain the study data. A total of 100 student respondents from various backgrounds of the studies were randomly selected as research samples. The results show that whether maximum or minimum of respondents agree with lifestyle factors while the financial factor and interest factor influencing them to venture into the business field based online. Based on the research, factors as the impact of online business is sustainable and beneficial to the students. This is because the impact of large volume sales can generate lucrative revenue.

scholarly journals Introduction

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pauline Paine
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
New Development ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This special issue of Nexus is devoted to an analysis of concepts of sex and gender in selected Oceanic societies. Interest in the variable ways people construct and perceive gender is a relatively new development in anthropology and reflects a growing appreciation of the cross-cultural diversity in gender forms. However, an understanding of the variable criteria upon which gender can be constructed cannot occur unless accompanied by an awareness of the profound effect Western ideas concerning sex and gender have had upon the interpretation and analysis of gender systems world wide. Much current research rests on Western assumptions, often implicit, concerning the nature of sex and gender and the relationship of men to women. In order to underscore this point, I have chosen, in the introduction, to highlight Western culture's perception of sex and gender in order that we may understand the culture specific meanings and assumptions that such concepts carry. This, I suggest, is essential for an understanding of the papers that follow. In the following article Western notions of sex and gender will be outlined in some detail and their effect on anthropological analysis discussed. Finally, our culture's construction of gender will be juxtaposed with those of selected societies in the Middle East, North America and the Pacific in order to demonstrate the very different, but no less 'real', basis on which gender is constructed elsewhere.

marine air invasion of the Pacific Coast a problem analysis

1967 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Schroeder ◽  
Michael A. Fosberg ◽  
Owen P. Cramer ◽  
Clyde A. O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lee Waves ◽  
Marine Air ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reviews the literature on the main aspects of marine air invasion on the Pacific coast. In particular, it considers the sea breeze, Pacific coast monsoon, and airflow over coastal mountains. The major problems associated with marine air invasion are: 1) the relationship of microscale convection, waves, and banded convection- waves to the sea-breeze energetics and sea-breeze front, 2) the interaction of energy forming and dissipating processes from the general circulation down to the micrometeorological scale, 3) the climatology and dynamics of the monsoon, and 4) the mechanism of the lee waves observed in the lee of the heated coastal mountains. Lee waves often form in a statically unstable atmosphere.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-634
Keyword(s):  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Final Report ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Council Work

The 27th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), was held in Montreal from February 21 to March 16, 1956. The preparation of documentation for the Assembly and the Executive Committee occupied a considerable part of the time of the session. A final report on the investigation into the administrative organization and methods of the Secretariat which stated that it was being operated efficiently and economically was approved, as was a recommendation to keep the three year term of the Council and to hold a major session of the Assembly in 1959, with limited sessions in 1957 and 1958 if necessary. Budget estimates were prepared for the three years. Following debate, resolutions were adopted designed to simplify Council work, particularly by making use of standing committees. No recommendation was made, however, on a United Kingdom proposal for the Amendment of the Convention and on the relationship of ICAO with the European Civil Aviation Conference. A considerable number of technical questions came before the Council in reports from the Air Navigation Commission and the Pacific Regional Air Navigation Meeting, and in the air transport field.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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