General characteristics of active andean volcanoes and a summary of their activities during recent centuries

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1433
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Casertano
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
The South ◽  
Chilean Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Transverse Fractures ◽  
Coastal Mountain

ABSTRACT An oceanic deep lies off the Chilean coast, bordered on the east by a coastal mountain range, a discontinuous central valley, and the high cordillera of the Andes. The Chilean volcanoes are found on lineaments that in general coincide with, or are sub parallel to, axis of the Andes. In north Chile they lie along en echelon fractures and, in some cases, along transverse fractures. In the south, the alignment of the volcanoes lies west of the axis of the Andes. Where the Central Valley is not well developed, active volcanoes are scarce. Recent lavas range from basalt in the south to rhyolite in the north. Volcanic activity appears to be decreasing. Details are given of individual volcanoes, and a list of active Andean volcanoes south of Volcan Misti is presented with a historical account of their activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Extreme Weather Events on the Sedimentation of the Bay of Samaná, Dominican Republic (1900–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón A. Delanoy ◽  
Misael Díaz-Asencio ◽  
Rafael Méndez-Tejeda
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events

The Bay of Samaná, formed by tectonism and sedimentation, is delimited to the north by the peninsula of the same name, to the south by the north slope of the Eastern Mountain Range and Los Haitises National Park, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by the ancient Gran Estero, today the Lower Yuna. There follows a process of continuous degradation by the existing tectonic forces and the sediment contributions by the Yuna, Yabón, and La Yeguada rivers to the south as well as by the landslides of the mountainous area of the Samaná Peninsula, during periods of storms and hurricanes. The coastal area of Samaná Bay has altered by 2.17 km2 at the mouth of the Yuna River from 2003–2015. The high turbidity level has affected coral reefs and marine species.  The  mangroves  are  lost  faster  than  they  are  regenerated  by  the  coastline’s change. Variations in the elemental compositions of calcium and iron show the terrigenous influence on the dynamics of the bay during Extreme Weather Events (EWP) in the river basins that flow into it. Abrupt changes in the rainfall regime produced an equal change in the estuary sedimentation regime, according to the 210Pb. In the 2007–2016 period, a column of sediment that reached 38 cm and a 12 cm to 8.4 km column were deposited 4 km southeast of the municipality of Sánchez and east of the mouth of the Yuna River. The Sedimentary Accumulation Rate is very high, and the content of heavy metals exceeds the threshold values of Table SQuirt.

scholarly journals The Tsakonian Dialect.—I

1913 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 133-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Scutt
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
The Village

The area over which the Tsakonian dialect is spoken lies on the east coast of the Peloponnese between the Parnon range and the sea. Its northern boundary is roughly the torrent which, rising on Parnon above Kastánitsa, flows into the sea near Ayios Andréas, its southern the torrent which, also rising on Parnon, passes through Lenídhi to the sea. A mountain range stretches along the coast from end to end of the district, reaching its highest point (1114 metres) in Mt. Sevetíla above the village of Korakovúni. Between Tyrós and Pramateftí, the seaward slopes of this range are gentle and well covered with soil. Behind these coast hills there stretches a long highland plain, known as the Palaiókhora, which, in the north, is fairly well covered with soil, but gradually rises towards the south into a region of stony grazing land, and terminates abruptly in the heights above Lenídhi. The high hill of Oríonda rises out of the Palaiókhora to the west and forms a natural centre-point of the whole district. Behind it stretching up to the bare rock of Parnon, is rough hilly country, cut here and there by ravines and offering but rare patches of cultivable land.

The Rediscovery of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range of Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as S. senja sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3931 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LEE GRISMER ◽  
EVAN S. H. QUAH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Additional Specimen ◽  
The North ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Cameron Highlands

The discovery of an additional specimen of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 from Gunung Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia reveals that it is not conspecific with the type specimen from Gunung Singgalan, West Sumatra, 600 km to the south. The new specimen and an additional specimen previously collected from Gunung Gerah, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, 56 km to the north, are described here as the new species S. senja sp. nov. and differ from S. malayanus by having a larger SVL (60.0–65 mm versus 53 mm); a deeply recessed as opposed to a shallow tympanum; 72 or 73 versus 76 paravertebral scales; eight or nine superciliary scales as opposed to 10; and the posteriormost superciliary scale being large as opposed to small. Cameron Highlands is unique among other upland areas in Peninsular Malaysia in that it harbors an unprecedented number of closely related ecological equivalents living in close sympatry or syntopy. 

One Hundred Years of Solitude: rediscovery of Catasticta lycurgus (Godman & Salvin, 1880), a yellow butterfly from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4975 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-186
Author(s):  
BLANCA HUERTAS ◽  
CARLOS PRIETO ◽  
FREDY MONTERO ◽  
MIKE ADAMS ◽  
JEAN FRANÇOIS LE CROM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Catasticta lycurgus is a striking endemic butterfly, restricted to high elevation habitats in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range separate from the Andes in the north of Colombia. The type, which for almost a hundred years was the only known specimen, was collected in 1878 by Frederick Simons in the vicinity of Atánquez and was sent to the UK to be described by renowned naturalists Godman and Salvin in 1880. In 1972, explorers Adams and Bernard collected a second specimen of C. lycurgus in the locality of San Pedro at 2,900m of elevation in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. These two specimens were the only known ones for many decades until recently, when Colombian entomologists found the species again in San Pedro de la Sierra and later, when a female was discovered in 2013. Here, we report the rediscovery of this rare and charismatic species, with new specimens collected near the type locality, which have not been reported previously. The female of C. lycurgus is described and illustrated for the first time as well the male genitalia of this species. We combine all information available to provide some insights on the systematic relationships of this species within the genus Catasticta Butler, discuss its distribution and provide a preliminary conservation assessment. Despite the newly collected specimens, the species remains very rare in the field and in collections. 

VI.—The Geology of the Highland Border from Glen Almond to Glen Artney

1941 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The South ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Boundary Fault ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

The author (1928) of the present communication has already published the results of a field survey of the Lower Old Red Sandstone in Perthshire and Angus, which were linked with those derived by Campbell (1913) from his study of similar and older series of beds in Kincardineshire, to the north-east. For thirty-five miles to the south-west of the R. Tay, no detailed investigation of the sequence or tectonics of the rocks immediately adjacent to the Highland Boundary Fault, separating the Grampians proper from the Central Valley of Scotland, has been undertaken. A comprehensive account of the rocks of this belt in the region around Aberfoyle is available in the paper by Campbell and Jehu (1917).

An updated and refined Holocene uplift history of southern Tenerife (Canary Islands) and the possible consequences for future volcanic activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144
Author(s):  
E. BUCHNER ◽  
J. KRÖCHERT ◽  
M. SCHMIEDER
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Tenerife Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uplift History

AbstractVarious uplift markers suggest asymmetrical uplift of Tenerife Island, with stable conditions in the north but significant uplift of up to 45 m in the south over the past ~42 ka. Fossil shells in beach deposits uplifted by 7.5–9 m were 14C-dated at a Holocene age of 2460±35 bp (1σ). This confirms earlier results and documents very young, and probably still ongoing, uplift of southern Tenerife potentially caused by ascending magma. This underlines that southern Tenerife is probably undergoing a further cycle of volcanic activity that started ~95 ka ago.

scholarly journals Tectonic structure and volcanic centers at the eastern edge of the aegean volcanic arc around Nisyros island

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PAPANIKOLAOU ◽  
P. NOMIKOU
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Recent Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Edge

The recent volcanic activity at the eastern edge of the Aegean Volcanic Arc is limited within a neotectonic graben structure which is developed in an E-W general direction between the alpine basement of Kos Island to the north and the alpine basement of Tilos Island to the south. In between the boundary faults of the neotectonic graben there is an extended volcanic area comprising several individual volcanic centers, which penetrate through the thick post-alpine sedimentary deposits of the graben.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Venezuela

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard Belfort ◽  
Javier González
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Amazonian Region

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela covers 916 445 km2; to the north is the Caribbean Sea, to the south-east the Amazonian region and the plains of Brazil and Colombia, and to the west the Andes and the Colombian Guajira peninsula. Its estimated population (2004) is 25 226 million, which is concentrated along the north coastal area, where the population density exceeds 200 inhabitants per km2; most of the territory remains almost inhabited (fewer than 6 inhabitants per km2), in particular the border areas. The population is mainly urban: 70% live in cities with more than 50 000 inhabitants.

scholarly journals Distribution modelling of the Pudu deer (Pudu puda) in southern Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Nelson Colihueque ◽  
Aldo Arriagada ◽  
Andrea Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Maxent Modelling ◽  
Coastal Mountain

The Pudu deer (Pudu puda) is endemic to the temperate rainforest of Chile and Argentina and currently faces serious conservation problems related to habitat loss. However, studies undertaken on this species are not sufficient to identify suitable areas for conservation purposes across its distribution range. In order to estimate the current and future distribution of the Pudu deer in southern Chile, we modelled the potential distribution of this species, based on occurrence points taken from seven contiguous provinces of this area using the Maxent modelling method. The Pudu deer distribution covered an estimated area of 17,912 km2 (24.1% of the area analysed), using a probability of occurrence above 0.529, according to the threshold that maximises the sum of sensitivity and specificity. In contrast to the Andes mountain range, areas with higher probabilities of occurrence were distributed mainly on the eastern and western slopes of the Coastal Mountain Range, where extensive coverage of native forest persists, as occurs in the provinces of Ranco, Osorno and Llanquihue. Projections to 2070, with global warming scenarios of 2.6 and 8.5 rcp, revealed that large areas will conserve their habitability, especially in the Coastal mountain range. Our results reveal that the Coastal mountain range has a high current and future habitability condition for the Pudu deer, a fact which may have conservation implications for this species.

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