A Data-Driven Framework for Automated Detection of Aircraft-Generated Signals in Seismic Array Data Using Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxiang Zhang ◽  
Stephen Arrowsmith ◽  
Sotirios Tsongas ◽  
Chris Hayward ◽  
Haoran Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Nodal Data ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Data

Abstract Ground motions associated with aircraft overflights can cover a significant portion of the seismic data collected by shallowly emplaced seismometers, such as new nodal and Distributed Acoustic Sensing systems. This article describes the first published framework for automated detection of aircraft on single channel and multichannel seismic data. The seismic data are converted to spectrograms in a sliding time window and classified as aircraft or nonaircraft in each window using a deep convolutional neural network trained with analyst-labeled data. A majority voting scheme is used to convert the output from the sequence of sliding time windows onto a decision time sequence for each channel and to combine the binary classifications on the decision time sequences across multiple channels. Precision, recall, and F-score are used to quantify the detection performance of the algorithm on nodal data using fourfold time-series cross validation. By applying our framework to data from the Sage Brush Flats nodal array in Southern California, we provide a benchmark performance and demonstrate the advantage of using an array of sensors.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR REAL‐TIME MARINE EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Darby ◽  
E. J. Mercado ◽  
R. M. Zoll ◽  
J. R. Emanuel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Magnetic Profile ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Data ◽  
Marine Exploration

The goals of the Gulfrex are to perform marine exploration and to conduct research and development in the various facets of marine exploration. The Gulfrex is equipped with various geologic and geophysical data‐gathering instruments along with a highly sophisticated navigational package. Computerized control systems were designed to output data in real time so that preliminary interpretations could be made concurrently with data collection. One system, based on an EMR‐6130 computer, handles multichannel seismic data. This system includes routines for real‐time demultiplexing, normal moveout, stacking, and deconvolution. Output of demultiplexed data is to magnetic tape and optionally to paper records. Output of moveout‐corrected, stacked data is to a visual monitor and to magnetic tape via a PDP‐8 computer. Deconvolution may be applied to either the single‐channel traces or the stacked traces. A moveout‐corrected, CDP group is output to a paper record every 24 shots so that estimates of average velocities can be made for a normal‐moveout correction. Another system, designed for a PDP‐8 computer, is used to collect data from devices interfaced to it. These include single‐channel seismic data, gravity and magnetic measurements, and navigational measurements such as course, speed, ship position, and direction. Deconvolved single‐channel seismic data are plotted in real time on a visual monitor along with a corrected gravity profile, magnetic profile, speed, course, and time of day. A map of the ship’s course is plotted in real time on a drum plotter Inquiries may be made of the system for current position in latitude and longitude.

scholarly journals Exploration of the data space via trans-dimensional sampling: the case study of seismic double difference data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Piana Agostinetti ◽  
Giulia Sgattoni
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Seismicity Rate ◽  
Data Space ◽  
Double Differences ◽  
Time Invariant

Abstract. Double differences (DD) seismic data are widely used to define elasticity distribution in the Earth's interior, and its variation in time. DD data are often pre-processed from earthquakes recordings through expert-opinion, where couples of earthquakes are selected based on some user-defined criteria, and DD data are computed from the selected couples. We develop a novel methodology for preparing DD seismic data based on a trans-dimensional algorithm, without imposing pre-defined criteria on the selection of couples of events. We apply it to a seismic database recorded on the flank of Katla volcano (Iceland), where elasticity variations in time has been indicated. Our approach quantitatively defines the presence of changepoints that separate the seismic events in time-windows. Within each time-window, the DD data are consistent with the hypothesis of time-invariant elasticity in the subsurface, and DD data can be safely used in subsequent analysis. Due to the parsimonious behavior of the trans-dimensional algorithm, only changepoints supported by the data are retrieved. Our results indicate that: (a) retrieved changepoints are consistent with first-order variations in the data (i.e. most striking changes in the DD data are correctly reproduced in the changepoint distribution in time); (b) changepoint locations in time do correlate neither with changes in seismicity rate, nor with changes in waveforms similarity (measured through the cross-correlation coefficients); and (c) noteworthy, the changepoint distribution in time seems to be insensitive to variations in the seismic network geometry during the experiment. Our results proofs that trans-dimensional algorithms can be positively applied to pre-processing of geophysical data before the application of standard routines (i.e. before using them to solve standard geophysical inverse problems) in the so called exploration of the data space.

scholarly journals Changepoint detection in seismic double-difference data: application of a trans-dimensional algorithm to data-space exploration

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2717-2733
Author(s):  
Nicola Piana Agostinetti ◽  
Giulia Sgattoni
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Seismicity Rate ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Waveform Similarity ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Double-difference (DD) seismic data are widely used to define elasticity distribution in the Earth's interior and its variation in time. DD data are often pre-processed from earthquake recordings through expert opinion, whereby pairs of earthquakes are selected based on some user-defined criteria and DD data are computed from the selected pairs. We develop a novel methodology for preparing DD seismic data based on a trans-dimensional algorithm, without imposing pre-defined criteria on the selection of event pairs. We apply it to a seismic database recorded on the flank of Katla volcano (Iceland), where elasticity variations in time have been indicated. Our approach quantitatively defines the presence of changepoints that separate the seismic events in time windows. Within each time window, the DD data are consistent with the hypothesis of time-invariant elasticity in the subsurface, and DD data can be safely used in subsequent analysis. Due to the parsimonious behaviour of the trans-dimensional algorithm, only changepoints supported by the data are retrieved. Our results indicate the following: (a) retrieved changepoints are consistent with first-order variations in the data (i.e. most striking changes in the amplitude of DD data are correctly reproduced in the changepoint distribution in time); (b) changepoint locations in time correlate neither with changes in seismicity rate nor with changes in waveform similarity (measured through the cross-correlation coefficients); and (c) the changepoint distribution in time seems to be insensitive to variations in the seismic network geometry during the experiment. Our results demonstrate that trans-dimensional algorithms can be effectively applied to pre-processing of geophysical data before the application of standard routines (e.g. before using them to solve standard geophysical inverse problems).

Frequency estimates of seismic traces

Geophysics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Hardy ◽  
Richard A. Beier ◽  
Jonathan D. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Shale Volume ◽  
True Frequency ◽  
Short Time

Local estimates of amplitude, frequency, and phase have been used in the past to characterize seismic data. In particular, these attributes have sometimes been successfully related to well attributes at the reservoir scale (net pay thickness, sand fraction, etc.). This paper introduces a method called SINFIT for computing local amplitude, frequency, and phase estimates of seismic traces over short‐time windows. The SINFIT method uses a sine‐curve fitting approach. The method is shown to give more accurate and robust frequency estimates than four other common methods on a set of test traces where the true frequency components are known. The four methods compared with SINFIT are instantaneous frequency, zero‐crossings, short‐time Fourier analysis, and a more recent time‐frequency method called AOK. In a field case with fluvial sands, an average frequency over a 30‐ms time window of seismic data correlates with estimated shale volume from well logs. The SINFIT method gives an average frequency attribute that more strongly correlates with shale volume than corresponding attributes from any of the other four methods.

A possible new hydrocarbon play, offshore central West Greenland

1998 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Nina Skaarup ◽  
James A. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structural Closure ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Lines

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Skaarup, N., & Chalmers, J. A. (1998). A possible new hydrocarbon play, offshore central West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 180, 28-30. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v180.5082 _______________ The discovery of extensive seeps of crude oil onshore central West Greenland (Christiansen et al. 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, this volume; Christiansen 1993) means that the central West Greenland area is now prospective for hydrocarbons in its own right. Analysis of the oils (Bojesen-Koefoed et al. in press) shows that their source rocks are probably nearby and, because the oils are found within the Lower Tertiary basalts, the source rocks must be below the basalts. It is therefore possible that in the offshore area oil could have migrated through the basalts and be trapped in overlying sediments. In the offshore area to the west of Disko and Nuussuaq (Fig. 1), Whittaker (1995, 1996) interpreted a few multichannel seismic lines acquired in 1990, together with some seismic data acquired by industry in the 1970s. He described a number of large rotated fault-blocks containing structural closures at top basalt level that could indicate leads capable of trapping hydrocarbons. In order to investigate Whittaker’s (1995, 1996) interpretation, in 1995 the Geological Survey of Greenland acquired 1960 km new multichannel seismic data (Fig. 1) using funds provided by the Government of Greenland, Minerals Office (now Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum) and the Danish State through the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland. The data were acquired using the Danish Naval vessel Thetis which had been adapted to accommodate seismic equipment. The data acquired in 1995 have been integrated with the older data and an interpretation has been carried out of the structure of the top basalt reflection. This work shows a fault pattern in general agreement with that of Whittaker (1995, 1996), although there are differences in detail. In particular the largest structural closure reported by Whittaker (1995) has not been confirmed. Furthermore, one of Whittaker’s (1995) smaller leads seems to be larger than he had interpreted and may be associated with a DHI (direct hydrocarbon indicator) in the form of a ‘bright spot’.

scholarly journals A hybrid ant colony algorithm based on multiple strategies for the vehicle routing problem with time windows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguang Wu ◽  
Yuelin Gao ◽  
Wanting Wang ◽  
Ziyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Mutation Operation

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a vehicle routing problem with time windows (TWVRP). In this problem, we consider a hard time constraint that the fleet can only serve customers within a specific time window. To solve this problem, a hybrid ant colony (HACO) algorithm is proposed based on ant colony algorithm and mutation operation. The HACO algorithm proposed has three innovations: the first is to update pheromones with a new method; the second is the introduction of adaptive parameters; and the third is to add the mutation operation. A famous Solomon instance is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that HACO algorithm is effective against solving the problem of vehicle routing with time windows. Besides, the proposed algorithm also has practical implications for vehicle routing problem and the results show that it is applicable and effective in practical problems.

scholarly journals The last-mile vehicle routing problem with delivery options

OR Spectrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tilk ◽  
Katharina Olkis ◽  
Stefan Irnich
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Delivery Options

AbstractThe ongoing rise in e-commerce comes along with an increasing number of first-time delivery failures due to the absence of the customer at the delivery location. Failed deliveries result in rework which in turn has a large impact on the carriers’ delivery cost. In the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows, each customer request has only one location and one time window describing where and when shipments need to be delivered. In contrast, we introduce and analyze the vehicle routing problem with delivery options (VRPDO), in which some requests can be shipped to alternative locations with possibly different time windows. Furthermore, customers may prefer some delivery options. The carrier must then select, for each request, one delivery option such that the carriers’ overall cost is minimized and a given service level regarding customer preferences is achieved. Moreover, when delivery options share a common location, e.g., a locker, capacities must be respected when assigning shipments. To solve the VRPDO exactly, we present a new branch-price-and-cut algorithm. The associated pricing subproblem is a shortest-path problem with resource constraints that we solve with a bidirectional labeling algorithm on an auxiliary network. We focus on the comparison of two alternative modeling approaches for the auxiliary network and present optimal solutions for instances with up to 100 delivery options. Moreover, we provide 17 new optimal solutions for the benchmark set for the VRP with roaming delivery locations.

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