scholarly journals Cascading Partial Rupture of the Flores Thrust during the 2018 Lombok Earthquake Sequence, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 2141-2151
Author(s):  
Rino Salman ◽  
Eric O. Lindsey ◽  
Karen H. Lythgoe ◽  
Kyle Bradley ◽  
Muzli Muzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Earthquake Series ◽  
Static Stress Change ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Magma Plumbing ◽  
Rupture Behavior

Abstract A series of four Mw>6 earthquakes struck the northern region of Lombok, eastern Indonesia, in a span of three weeks from late July to mid-August 2018. The series was thought to be associated with the Flores thrust, but the exact mechanism causing the unusual earthquake series has remained elusive. Our Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar analysis, combined with insights from seismology, indicates that the events originated at different hypocenter depths with differing fault geometries, which may explain the cascading behavior of the events, and indicates that better imaging of active fault geometry might provide some insight into future rupture behavior on other similar thrust systems. Our static stress change calculations suggest that the earlier events in the sequence played a role in promoting the later events. In addition, the second event brought the most significant impact on a nearby volcano, by causing volumetric expansion at its shallow magma plumbing system and unclamping its magma ascent zone, which may potentially have an impact on its future eruptive activity. However, no volcanic activity has so far occurred after the earthquakes. Finally, our damage proxy maps suggest that the second event caused the greatest damage to buildings.

scholarly journals Estimation of Pre-eruptive Magma Ascent Using a Hydrokinetic Model of Magma Plumbing System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Minami ◽  
M. Iguchi ◽  
H. Mikada ◽  
T. Goto ◽  
J. Takekawa
Keyword(s):  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Plumbing

scholarly journals Magma Plumbing System at Izu-Oshima Volcano, Japan: Constraints From Petrological and Geochemical Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kuritani ◽  
Azusa Yamaguchi ◽  
Sayuki Fukumitsu ◽  
Mitsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Akiko Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Magma Plumbing

scholarly journals Evolution of Magma Plumbing System in Miyakejima Volcano: Constraints From Melting Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 8615-8636
Author(s):  
Masashi Ushioda ◽  
Eiichi Takahashi ◽  
Morihisa Hamada ◽  
Toshihiro Suzuki ◽  
Kenji Niihori
Keyword(s):  
Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Miyakejima Volcano ◽  
Melting Experiments ◽  
Magma Plumbing

Using InSAR to asses rock glacier movement in the Uinta Mountains, Utah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Brencher ◽  
Alexander Handwerger ◽  
Jeffrey Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Alpine Hydrology ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Rock glaciers are perennially frozen bodies of ice and rock debris that move downslope primarily due to deformation of internal ice. These features play an important role in alpine hydrology and landscape evolution, and constitute a significant water resource in arid regions. In the Uinta Mountains, Utah, nearly 400 rock glaciers have been identified on the basis of morphology, but the presence of ice has been investigated in only two. Here, I use satellite-based interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites to identify and monitor active rock glaciers over a 10,000 km<sup>2 </sup>area. I also compare the time-dependent motion of several individual rock glaciers over the summers of 2016-2019 to search for relationships with climatic drivers such as precipitation and temperature. Sentinel-1 data from the August-October of 2016-2019 are used to create 79 interferograms of the entire Uinta range and are processed with the NASA/JPL/Stanford InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) software package. Temporal baselines of intrayear interferograms range from 6-72 days. We use average velocity maps to generate an active rock glacier inventory for the Uinta Mountains containing 196 active rock glaciers. Average rock glacier velocity is 3 cm/yr in the line-of-sight direction, but individual rock glaciers have velocities ranging from 0.3-15 cm/yr. Rock glacier speeds do have a seasonal component, and were fastest in August across all years. One rock glacier reached a speed of 40 cm/yr over a 12 day interval from August 5 to August 17 of 2017. Preliminary results suggest that active rock glaciers are found at altitudes 10 m higher on average than inactive and relic rock glaciers identified in the previous inventory. Rock glacier movement did not accelerate between 2016 and 2019, suggesting that rock glaciers in this part of the Rocky Mountains are not speeding up over time. Our results highlight the ability to use satellite InSAR to monitor rock glaciers over large areas and provide insight into the factors that control their kinematics.</p>

Comparative Petrological Studies of 1962 and 1988–1989 Eruptions of Tokachidake Volcano, Japan: A Case Study for Understanding the Relationship Between Eruption Style and Magma Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-779
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Akiko Matsumoto ◽  
Kyohei Kobayashi ◽  
Keiji Wada ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Supply ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Repeated magmatic eruptions of Tokachidake volcano have caused severe volcanic disasters on three occasions during the 20th century. To prepare for the next eruptive activity, understanding the structure of the magma plumbing system by using petrological analysis of juvenile materials is crucial. Here, we perform petrological analysis of juvenile materials to investigate the difference between two contrasting eruptions in 1962 and 1988–1989, respectively. All these juvenile materials are composed of mafic andesite, which were formed by mixing of olivine-bearing basaltic and pyroxene andesitic magmas. The compositional zonations of olivine phenocrysts in all of these rocks suggest that the injection of the basaltic magma into the andesitic magma occurred several months prior to the 1962 eruption and about six months before the 1988–1989 eruption. In the case of the 1962 activity, the mixed magma rapidly ascended without stagnation from the magma chamber and erupted as a sub-Plinian type. However, the juvenile materials of the 1988–1989 eruptions show distinct petrological features such as higher crystallinity of the matrix, orthopyroxene reaction rims around the olivine, and overgrowth mantle zones around Ti-magnetite phenocrysts. These features suggest that the mixed magma ascended slowly and possibly stagnated at shallower levels prior to eruption. The stagnated magma became a cap rock of the vent system and caused a series of Vulcanian eruptions. These distinct modes of magma ascent can be explained by differences in the magma supply rate. In the case of the 1962 eruption, the volume of magma that erupted in a period of less than 24 h was 7.1 × 107 m3. On the contrary, 23 explosions occurred over three months of the 1988–1989 activity and generated 1 × 105 m3 of ejecta including juvenile and non-juvenile materials. These large eruption rate differences can be attributed to the distinct ascent rates of the magma between the two eruptive activities.

The formation of P-rich Fe–Ti oxide ore layers in the Taihe layered intrusion, SW China: Implications for magma-plumbing system process

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 539-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei She ◽  
Song-Yue Yu ◽  
Xie-Yan Song ◽  
Lie-Meng Chen ◽  
Wen-Qin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
System Process ◽  
Magma Plumbing
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