Automating the Detection of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes via a Deep Metric Learning Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (2A) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Tang ◽  
Prem Seetharaman ◽  
Kevin Chao ◽  
Bryan A. Pardo ◽  
Suzan van der Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Metric Learning ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Triggered Earthquakes ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Deep Metric Learning ◽  
Deep Learning Network

Abstract Detecting subtle signals from small earthquakes triggered by transient stresses from the surface waves of large magnitude earthquakes can contribute to a more general understanding of how earthquakes nucleate and interact with each other. However, searching for signals from such small earthquakes in thousands of seismograms is overwhelming, and discriminating them from a miscellany of noise is challenging. Here, we explore how we can automate the detection of such dynamically triggered earthquakes using a simple, diagnostic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold as well as a convolutional deep metric learning network. Our analysis shows that the deep learning network was more reliable at detecting small earthquakes than the SNR method.

scholarly journals Combining deep learning with 3D stereophotogrammetry for craniosynostosis diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido de Jong ◽  
Elmar Bijlsma ◽  
Jene Meulstee ◽  
Myrte Wennen ◽  
Erik van Lindert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Anterior Plagiocephaly ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Shape Data ◽  
Cranial Shape

Abstract Craniosynostosis is a condition in which cranial sutures fuse prematurely, causing problems in normal brain and skull growth in infants. To limit the extent of cosmetic and functional problems, swift diagnosis is needed. The goal of this study is to investigate if a deep learning algorithm is capable of correctly classifying the head shape of infants as either healthy controls, or as one of the following three craniosynostosis subtypes; scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly or anterior plagiocephaly. In order to acquire cranial shape data, 3D stereophotographs were made during routine pre-operative appointments of scaphocephaly (n = 76), trigonocephaly (n = 40) and anterior plagiocephaly (n = 27) patients. 3D Stereophotographs of healthy infants (n = 53) were made between the age of 3–6 months. The cranial shape data was sampled and a deep learning network was used to classify the cranial shape data as either: healthy control, scaphocephaly patient, trigonocephaly patient or anterior plagiocephaly patient. For the training and testing of the deep learning network, a stratified tenfold cross validation was used. During testing 195 out of 196 3D stereophotographs (99.5%) were correctly classified. This study shows that trained deep learning algorithms, based on 3D stereophotographs, can discriminate between craniosynostosis subtypes and healthy controls with high accuracy.

scholarly journals A bagging dynamic deep learning network for diagnosing COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Bozhao Chen ◽  
Jiansheng Sun ◽  
Yamei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Feature Extractor ◽  
In Series ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Deep Learning Network

AbstractCOVID-19 is a serious ongoing worldwide pandemic. Using X-ray chest radiography images for automatically diagnosing COVID-19 is an effective and convenient means of providing diagnostic assistance to clinicians in practice. This paper proposes a bagging dynamic deep learning network (B-DDLN) for diagnosing COVID-19 by intelligently recognizing its symptoms in X-ray chest radiography images. After a series of preprocessing steps for images, we pre-train convolution blocks as a feature extractor. For the extracted features, a bagging dynamic learning network classifier is trained based on neural dynamic learning algorithm and bagging algorithm. B-DDLN connects the feature extractor and bagging classifier in series. Experimental results verify that the proposed B-DDLN achieves 98.8889% testing accuracy, which shows the best diagnosis performance among the existing state-of-the-art methods on the open image set. It also provides evidence for further detection and treatment.

scholarly journals A Bagging Dynamic Deep Learning Network for Diagnosing COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Bozhao Chen ◽  
Jiansheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Feature Extractor ◽  
In Series ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Deep Learning Network

Abstract COVID-19 is a serious epidemic all over the world. As an efficient way in intelligent medical services, using X-ray chest radiography image for automatically diagnosing COVID-19 provides huge assistances and conveniences for clinicians in practice. In this paper, a bagging dynamic deep learning network (B-DDLN) is proposed for diagnosing COVID-19 by intelligently recognizing X-ray chest radiography images. After a series of preprocessing steps for images, we pre-train convolution blocks as a feature extractor. For the extracted features, bagging dynamic learning network classifier is trained based on neural dynamic learning algorithm and bagging algorithm. B-DDLN connects feature extractor and bagging classifier in series. Experimental results verify that using the proposed B-DDLN can achieve 98.8889% testing accuracy, which illustrates the best diagnosis performances among existing methods on the open image set and provides evidences for further detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Diffeomorphic unsupervised deep learning model for mono- and multi-modality registration

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 174830262097352
Author(s):  
Anis Theljani ◽  
Ke Chen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Variational Model ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Unsupervised Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Affine Transforms ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Different from image segmentation, developing a deep learning network for image registration is less straightforward because training data cannot be prepared or supervised by humans unless they are trivial (e.g. pre-designed affine transforms). One approach for an unsupervised deep leaning model is to self-train the deformation fields by a network based on a loss function with an image similarity metric and a regularisation term, just with traditional variational methods. Such a function consists in a smoothing constraint on the derivatives and a constraint on the determinant of the transformation in order to obtain a spatially smooth and plausible solution. Although any variational model may be used to work with a deep learning algorithm, the challenge lies in achieving robustness. The proposed algorithm is first trained based on a new and robust variational model and tested on synthetic and real mono-modal images. The results show how it deals with large deformation registration problems and leads to a real time solution with no folding. It is then generalised to multi-modal images. Experiments and comparisons with learning and non-learning models demonstrate that this approach can deliver good performances and simultaneously generate an accurate diffeomorphic transformation.

scholarly journals EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning Network with Principal Component Based Covariate Shift Adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwicha Jirayucharoensak ◽  
Setha Pan-Ngum ◽  
Pasin Israsena
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
High Level

Automatic emotion recognition is one of the most challenging tasks. To detect emotion from nonstationary EEG signals, a sophisticated learning algorithm that can represent high-level abstraction is required. This study proposes the utilization of a deep learning network (DLN) to discover unknown feature correlation between input signals that is crucial for the learning task. The DLN is implemented with a stacked autoencoder (SAE) using hierarchical feature learning approach. Input features of the network are power spectral densities of 32-channel EEG signals from 32 subjects. To alleviate overfitting problem, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the most important components of initial input features. Furthermore, covariate shift adaptation of the principal components is implemented to minimize the nonstationary effect of EEG signals. Experimental results show that the DLN is capable of classifying three different levels of valence and arousal with accuracy of 49.52% and 46.03%, respectively. Principal component based covariate shift adaptation enhances the respective classification accuracy by 5.55% and 6.53%. Moreover, DLN provides better performance compared to SVM and naive Bayes classifiers.

scholarly journals Single Target SAR 3D Reconstruction Based on Deep Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Shihong Wang ◽  
Jiayi Guo ◽  
Yueting Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Hu ◽  
Chibiao Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Voxel Grid

Synthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) is an important 3D mapping method. Traditional TomoSAR requires a large number of observation orbits however, it is hard to meet the requirement of massive orbits. While on the one hand, this is due to funding constraints, on the other hand, because the target scene is changing over time and each observation orbit consumes lots of time, the number of orbits can be fewer as required within a narrow time window. When the number of observation orbits is insufficient, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSR), and resolution of 3D reconstruction results will decline severely, which seriously limits the practical application of TomoSAR. In order to solve this problem, we propose to use a deep learning network to improve the resolution and SNR of 3D reconstruction results under the condition of very few observation orbits by learning the prior distribution of targets. We use all available orbits to reconstruct a high resolution target, while only very few (around 3) orbits to reconstruct a low resolution input. The low-res and high-res 3D voxel-grid pairs are used to train a 3D super-resolution (SR) CNN (convolutional neural network) model, just like ordinary 2D image SR tasks. Experiments on the Civilian Vehicle Radar dataset show that the proposed deep learning algorithm can effectively improve the reconstruction both in quality and in quantity. In addition, the model also shows good generalization performance for targets not shown in the training set.

ANALISIS SENSITIVITAS VIDEO MPEG-4 BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR FRAME PADA TRANSMISI DVB-T

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Sandy Suryo Prayogo ◽  
Tubagus Maulana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Noise Ratio

DVB merupakan standar transmisi televisi digital yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Unsur terpenting dari suatu proses transmisi adalah kualitas gambar dari video yang diterima setelah melalui proses transimisi tersebut. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dari suatu gambar, salah satunya adalah struktur frame dari video. Pada tulisan ini dilakukan pengujian sensitifitas video MPEG-4 berdasarkan struktur frame pada transmisi DVB-T. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan simulasi matlab dan simulink. Digunakan juga ffmpeg untuk menyediakan format dan pengaturan video akan disimulasikan. Variabel yang diubah dari video adalah bitrate dan juga group-of-pictures (GOP), sedangkan variabel yang diubah dari transmisi DVB-T adalah signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) pada kanal AWGN di antara pengirim (Tx) dan penerima (Rx). Hasil yang diperoleh dari percobaan berupa kualitas rata-rata gambar pada video yang diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran structural-similarity-index (SSIM). Dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap jumlah bit-error-rate BER pada bitstream DVB-T. Percobaan yang dilakukan dapat menunjukkan seberapa besar sensitifitas bitrate dan GOP dari video pada transmisi DVB-T dengan kesimpulan semakin besar bitrate maka akan semakin buruk nilai kualitas gambarnya, dan semakin kecil nilai GOP maka akan semakin baik nilai kualitasnya. Penilitian diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menggunakan deep learning untuk memperoleh frame struktur yang tepat di kondisi-kondisi tertentu dalam proses transmisi televisi digital.

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