Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Seismic Activity Associated with the Dead Sea Transform (DST) during the Past 3000 Yr

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motti Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Dead

Abstract Historical reports of earthquakes occurring before the twentieth century along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) are available for the past 3000 yr. Most of them are organized in various catalogs, reappraisals, and lists. Using a comprehensive and consistent compilation of these reports, the historical seismicity associated with the DST as a complete tectonic unit was examined. The compilation, supported by paleoseismic and archeoseismic evidence, resulted in 174 reliable historical earthquakes and 112 doubtful ones. The reliable earthquakes, along with 42 post‐nineteenth century instrumental earthquakes, are an up‐to‐date evaluation of the DST seismicity starting from the mid‐eighth century B.C.E. until 2015 C.E. Additionally, the scenario of historical earthquakes such as the 363 C.E. and 1033 C.E. events was resolved. The characterization of temporal and spatial patterns of DST seismicity, classifying them into four geographical zones, raised that most of the northern destructive earthquakes are clustered while clustering at the central and southern zones is less abundant.

scholarly journals Evaluating earthquake-induced rockfall hazard by investigating past rockfall events: the case of Qiryat-Shemona adjacent to the Dead Sea Transform, northern Israel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mor Kanari ◽  
Oded Katz ◽  
Ram Weinberger ◽  
Naomi Porat ◽  
Shmuel Marco
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Town

Abstract. We evaluate rockfall hazard for the town of Qiryat-Shemona, northern Israel, situated alongside the Dead Sea Transform, at the foot of the Ramim escarpment. Boulders of 1 m3 to 125 m3 are scattered on the slope above town, while historical aerial photos reveal that before town establishment, numerous boulders had reached the town premises. For the hazard analysis we first mapped the rockfalls, their source and their downslope final stop-sites, and compiled the boulder size distribution. We then simulated the probable future rockfall trajectories using the field observed data to calibrate the simulation software by comparing simulated vs mapped boulders stop-sites along selected slopes while adjusting model input parameters for best fit. The analysis identified areas of high rockfall hazard at the south-western quarters of the town and also indicates that in the studied slopes, falling blocks would stop after several tens of meters where the slope angle is below 10°. OSL age determination of several past rockfall events in the study area suggests that these rockfalls were triggered by large (M > 6) historical earthquakes. Nevertheless, not all large historical earthquakes triggered rockfalls. Simulations show that downslope reach of the blocks is not significantly affected by the magnitude of seismic acceleration. Considering the size distribution of the past rockfalls in the study area and the reoccurrence time of large earthquakes in the region, the probability to be affected by a destructive rockfall within a 50 year time-window is of less than 5 %.

scholarly journals Evaluating earthquake-induced rockfall hazard near the Dead Sea Transform

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mor Kanari ◽  
Oded Katz ◽  
Ram Weinberger ◽  
Naomi Porat ◽  
Shmuel Marco
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Recurrence Interval ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Town

Abstract. We address an approach for rockfall hazard evaluation where the study area resides below a cliff in an a priori exposure to rockfall hazard, but no historical documentation of rockfall events is available and hence important rockfall hazard parameters like triggering mechanism and recurrence interval are unknown. We study the rockfall hazard for the town of Qiryat Shemona, northern Israel, situated alongside the Dead Sea Transform, at the foot of the Ramim escarpment. Numerous boulders are scattered on the slopes above the town, while pre-town historical aerial photos reveal that boulders had reached the location that is now within town limits. We use field observations and optically stimulated luminescence dating of past rockfall events combined with computer modeling to evaluate the rockfall hazard. For the analysis, we first mapped the rockfall source and final downslope stop sites and compiled the boulder size distribution. We then simulated the possible rockfall trajectories using the field observed data to calibrate the simulation software by comparing simulated and mapped boulder stop sites along selected slopes, while adjusting model input parameters for best fit. The analysis reveals areas of high rockfall hazard at the southwestern quarters of the town and also indicates that in the studied slopes falling blocks would stop where the slope angle decreases below 5–10∘. Age determination suggests that the rockfalls were triggered by large (M>6) historical earthquakes. Nevertheless, not all large historical earthquakes triggered rockfalls. Considering the size distribution of the past rockfalls in the study area and the recurrence time of large earthquakes in the region, we estimate a probability of less than 5 % to be affected by a destructive rockfall within a 50-year time window. Here we suggest a comprehensive method to evaluate rockfall hazard where only past rockfall evidence exists in the field. We show the importance of integrating spatial and temporal field observations to assess the extent of rockfall hazard, the potential block size distribution and the rockfall recurrence interval.

An updated parametric catalog of historical earthquakes around the Dead Sea Transform Fault Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iason Grigoratos ◽  
Valerio Poggi ◽  
Laurentiu Danciu ◽  
Graciela Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Transform Fault Zone

scholarly journals Seismic zonation of the Dead Sea Transform Fault area

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Khair ◽  
G. F. Karakaisis ◽  
E. E. Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Seismic Zonation ◽  
African Plate ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
The Dead

The Dead Sea Transform Fault constitutes the northwestern boundary of the Arabian plate, accommodating the plate’s lateral movement relative to the African plate. A complete and homogeneous catalogue of historical earthquakes has been compiled and used in the subdivision of the fault area into the following segments: 1) Araba segment, which extends along Wadi Araba and the southernmost part of the Dead Sea (29.5°-31.3°N) and trends SSW-NNE with scarce historical and instrumental seismicity; 2) Jordan-valley segment, which extends along the central and northern parts of the Dead Sea and the Jordan valley to the Huleh depression (31.3°-33.1° N) and trends S-N with moderate historical seismicity; 3) Beqa’a segment, which extends along the western margin of the Beqa’a valley in Lebanon (33.1°-34.5°N) and trends SSW-NNE with strong historical seismicity; 4) El-Ghab segment, which extends along the eastern flank of the coastal mountain range of Syria (34.5°-35.8°N) and trends S-N with moderate historical seismicity; 5) Karasu segment, which extends along the Karasu valley in SE Turkey (35.8°-37.3°N) and trends SSW-NNE, exhibiting the strongest historical seismicity of the area. Probabilities for the generation of strong (M > 6.0) earthquakes in these segments during the next decade are given, by the application of the regional time and magnitude predictable model.

Hawk kite as potential bird scare device (the case of pigeons and grain processing factory)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Bird Behavior ◽  
Hooded Crows

Here we presented the preliminary results of hawk kite usage against the feral pigeons in some grain processing factory. We studied the temporal and spatial patterns of repellent effect and bird behavior. We suggested the feral pigeons gradually increase the level of tolerance towards the hawk kite if no additional repellent measures were undertaken. Moreover, even initially the feral pigeons demonstrate higher tolerance towards the hawk kite compared to the Rooks or Hooded Crows.

Diet of the introduced red fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia: analysis of temporal and spatial patterns

Mammal Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Fleming ◽  
Heather M. Crawford ◽  
Alyson M. Stobo‐Wilson ◽  
Stuart J. Dawson ◽  
Christopher R. Dickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Seismic Energy Release from Intra-Basin Sources along the Dead Sea Transform and Its Influence on Regional Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roey Shimony ◽  
Zohar Gvirtzman ◽  
Michael Tsesarsky
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Surrounding Areas

ABSTRACT The Dead Sea Transform (DST) dominates the seismicity of Israel and neighboring countries. Whereas the instrumental catalog of Israel (1986–2017) contains mainly M<5 events, the preinstrumental catalog lists 14 M 7 or stronger events on the DST, during the past two millennia. Global Positioning System measurements show that the slip deficit in northern Israel today is equivalent to M>7 earthquake. This situation highlights the possibility that a strong earthquake may strike north Israel in the near future, raising the importance of ground-motion prediction. Deep and narrow strike-slip basins accompany the DST. Here, we study ground motions produced by intrabasin seismic sources, to understand the basin effect on regional ground motions. We model seismic-wave propagation in 3D, focusing on scenarios of Mw 6 earthquakes, rupturing different active branches of the DST. The geological model includes the major structures in northern Israel: the strike-slip basins along the DST, the sedimentary basins accompanying the Carmel fault zone, and the densely populated and industrialized Zevulun Valley (Haifa Bay area). We show that regional ground motions are determined by source–path coupling effects in the strike-slip basins, before waves propagate into the surrounding areas. In particular, ground motions are determined by the location of the rupture nucleation within the basin, the near-rupture lithology, and the basin’s local structure. When the rupture is located in the crystalline basement or along material bridges connecting opposite sides of the fault, ground motions behave predictably, decaying due to geometrical spreading and locally amplified atop sedimentary basins. By contrast, if rupture nucleates or propagates into shallow sedimentary units of the DST strike-slip basins, ground motions are amplified within, before propagating outside. Repeated reflections from the basin walls result in a “resonant chamber” effect, leading to stronger regional ground motions with prolonged durations.

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