scholarly journals Fault Heterogeneity and the Connection between Aftershocks and Afterslip

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1156-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Lippiello ◽  
Giuseppe Petrillo ◽  
François Landes ◽  
Alberto Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Fault Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Effective friction law for small-scale fault heterogeneity in 3D dynamic rupture

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (B10) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Latour ◽  
M. Campillo ◽  
C. Voisin ◽  
I. R. Ionescu ◽  
J. Schmedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Friction Law ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity ◽  
Effective Friction

scholarly journals Identifying fault heterogeneity through mapping spatial anomalies in acoustic emission statistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (B3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. W. Goebel ◽  
T. W. Becker ◽  
D. Schorlemmer ◽  
S. Stanchits ◽  
C. Sammis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity

​Slip modes and interaction in a simplified strike-slip fault system with increasing geometrical complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rudolf ◽  
Joscha Podlesny ◽  
Esther Heckenbach ◽  
Matthias Rosenau ◽  
Anne Glerum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
Magnitude Scaling ◽  
Geometrical Complexity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity

<p>The release of elastic energy along an active fault is accommodated by a wide range of slip modes. It ranges from long-term slow slip events (SSEs) and creep to short-term tremors and earthquakes. They vary not only in their characteristic duration but also in their magnitude, spatial exten<span><span>t</span></span> and slip velocities. The exact relationship is unclear, as in some regions many slip modes occur simultaneously (e.g. Tohoku-Oki) and in others certain slip modes are completely absent (e.g. Cascadia).</p><p>One of the driving factors in the generation of this large variety of slip modes is the interplay of fault heterogeneity and geometrical complexity of the fault system. We test various settings in terms of fault heterogeneity and geometrical complexity with a scaled physical model. The experimental results are then validated and benchmarked through multi-scale numerical simulations. We describe <span><span>the</span></span> system using <span><span>a</span></span> rate-and-state frictional framework and introduce on-fault heterogeneity with variable frictional properties. All properties are the same for analogue and numerical simulation as far as they can be determined or realized experimentally (a-b, v<sub>load</sub>, S<sub>hmax</sub>, S<sub>hmin</sub>, etc...). As analogue material we use segmented, decimetre sized neoprene foam blocks in multiple configurations (e.g. biaxial shear at forces <1 kN) to simulate the elastic upper crust. The contact surfaces are spray-painted with acrylic paint to generate velocity weakening characteristics in between the blocks which is similar to the frictional behaviour of natural faults. We add heterogeneity to the fault surface by varying the fault area that is velocity weakening using grease. Geometrical complexity is implemented using conjugated or parallel sets of additional faults with the same characteristics.</p><p>We are able to reliably generate frequent stick-slip events of variable size and recurrence intervals. The slip characteristics, such as slip distribution, are in good agreement with analytical solutions of fault slip in elastic media. In a geometrically simple strike-slip model the recurrence behaviour and magnitude follows straightforward scaling relations in accordance with existing studies. If geometrical complexity is added to the model we observe clustering and variable recurrence that differ from the simpler geometry. Additionally, we are going to give an outlook on the interaction behaviour of multiple faults in dependence of their geometric configuration and the generation of power-law type magnitude scaling relations.</p>

Slip modes and interaction in a simplified strike-slip fault system with increasing geometrical complexity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rudolf ◽  
Joscha Podlesny ◽  
Matthias Rosenau ◽  
Ralf Kornhuber ◽  
Onno Oncken
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Magnitude Scaling ◽  
Geometrical Complexity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity

<p>The release of elastic energy along an active fault is accommodated by a wide range of slip modes. It ranges from long-term slow slip events (SSEs) and creep to short-term tremors and earthquakes. They vary not only in their characteristic duration but also in their magnitude, spatial extend and slip velocities. As all slip modes are related to earthquakes, the understanding of the relationships between the different slip modes and the underlying mechanisms is crucial to assess earthquake hazards in various regions. The exact relation is unclear, as in some regions many slip modes occur simultaneously (e.g. Tohoku-Oki) and in others certain slip modes are completely absent (e.g. Cascadia).</p><p>One of the driving factors in the generation of this large variety of slip modes is the interplay of fault heterogeneity and geometrical complexity of the fault system. Using a scaled physical model we test various settings in terms of fault heterogeneity and geometrical complexity. The experimental results are then validated and benchmarked using multi-scale numerical simulations. We describe the system using the rate-and-state frictional framework and introduce the on-fault heterogeneity with variable frictional properties. All properties are the same for analogue and simulation as far as they can be determined or realized experimentally (a-b, v<sub>load</sub>, S<sub>hmax</sub>, S<sub>hmin</sub>, etc...). As analogue material we use segmented, decimetre sized neoprene foam blocks in multiple configurations (e.g. biaxial shear at forces <1 kN) to simulate the elastic upper crust. The contact surfaces are spray-painted with acrylic paint to generate velocity weakening characteristics in between the blocks. The major advantage of using neoprene over other materials, such as gelatine or polyurethane foams, is that it has closed pores and thus exhibits a more favourable Poisson’s ratio in comparison with rocks and shows better elastic strain propagation in the block. Furthermore, all used materials are inert and do not change their properties over time.</p><p>We are able to reliably generate frequent stick-slip events of variable size and recurrence intervals. The slip characteristics, such as slip distribution, are in good agreement with analytical solutions of fault slip in elastic media. In this contribution we will highlight the material properties, experimental results and used methodologies to monitor and process the experimental data. Additionally, we are going to give an outlook on the interaction behaviour of multiple faults in dependence of their geometric configuration and the generation of power-law type magnitude scaling relations.</p>

scholarly journals Fault heterogeneity and earthquake scaling

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Hetherington ◽  
Sandy Steacy
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Scaling ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Effect of fault heterogeneity on rupture dynamics: An experimental approach using ultrafast ultrasonic imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 5888-5902 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Latour ◽  
C. Voisin ◽  
F. Renard ◽  
E. Larose ◽  
S. Catheline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Ultrasonic Imaging ◽  
Rupture Dynamics ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity

Slow Stick‐Slip Failure in Halite Gouge Caused by Brittle‐Plastic Fault Heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken‐ichi Hirauchi ◽  
Yoshiaki Yoshida ◽  
Yasuo Yabe ◽  
Jun Muto
Keyword(s):  
Stick Slip ◽  
Fault Heterogeneity
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