Refined 3D Seismic‐Velocity Structures and Seismogenic Environment of the Ms 6.5 Ludian Earthquake

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 3023-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Riaz ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Xiong Xiong ◽  
Zujun Xie ◽  
Zhiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Ludian Earthquake ◽  
Seismogenic Environment

Comparing Higher-dimensional Velocity Models for Seismic Location Accuracy using a Consistent Travel Time Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Begnaud ◽  
Sanford Ballard ◽  
Andrea Conley ◽  
Patrick Hammond ◽  
Christopher Young
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Tracing Algorithm ◽  
2D And 3D

<p>Historically, location algorithms have relied on simple, one-dimensional (1D, with depth) velocity models for fast, seismic event locations. The speed of these 1D models made them the preferred type of velocity model for operational needs, mainly due to computational requirements. Higher-dimensional (2D-3D) seismic velocity models are becoming more readily available from the scientific community and can provide significantly more accurate event locations over 1D models. The computational requirements of these higher-dimensional models tend to make their operational use prohibitive. The benefit of a 1D model is that it is generally used as travel-time lookup tables, one for each seismic phase, with travel-time predictions pre-calculated for event distance and depth. This simple, lookup structure makes the travel-time computation extremely fast.</p><p>Comparing location accuracy for 2D and 3D seismic velocity models tends to be problematic because each model is usually determined using different inversion parameters and ray-tracing algorithms. Attempting to use a different ray-tracing algorithm than used to develop a model almost always results in poor travel-time prediction compared to the algorithm used when developing the model.</p><p>We will demonstrate that using an open-source framework (GeoTess, www.sandia.gov/geotess) that can easily store 3D travel-time data can overcome the ray-tracing algorithm hurdle. Travel-time lookup tables (one for each station and phase) can be generated using the exact ray-tracing algorithm that is preferred for a specified model. The lookup surfaces are generally applied as corrections to a simple 1D model and also include variations in event depth, as opposed to legacy source-specific station corrections (SSSCs), as well as estimates of path-specific travel-time uncertainty. Having a common travel-time framework used for a location algorithm allows individual 2D and 3D velocity models to be compared in a fair, consistent manner.</p>

Development and Testing of a 3D Seismic Velocity Model of the Po Plain Sedimentary Basin, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2A) ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Molinari ◽  
Andrea Argnani ◽  
Andrea Morelli ◽  
Piero Basini
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Po Plain

THE MUTINEER COMPLEX AND EXETER OIL DISCOVERIES: MUTINY IN THE DAMPIER

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
K.A. Auld ◽  
J.E.P. Redfearn
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Structural Closure ◽  
Commercial Oil

The oil discoveries at Norfolk–1 and Exeter–1 in the Northern Dampier Sub-basin (permit WA-191-P) have realised major commercial potential in an area with a prolonged exploration history. This paper presents the results of the drilling campaign which was undertaken in 2002 comprising two successful exploration discovery and five appraisal wells. The Norfolk–1 (28 m gross oil column), Norfolk–2 (9 m oil column), Exeter–1 (23 m oil column), Mutineer–3 (8 m oil column) and finally Exeter–2 (12 m oil column) confirmed a significant commercial oil volume within the Jurassic Angel Sandstones.The recent exploration of this area has improved understanding of the geology through the integration of technology with geoscientific understanding. Highs have been revealed from seismic time data using advanced 3D seismic techniques and sophisticated depth conversion processes.The time structural high of the Mutineer area was first tested by Bounty–1 in 1983 which is now mapped outside the southern limit of closure. Pitcairn–1 was drilled in 1997 discovering three thin oil columns and was followed by a near crestal well at Mutineer–1B drilled 2.6 km northwest of Pitcairn–1 in 1998, discovering an 8m column. The key issue was the understanding of the velocity gradient and depth conversion over the Mutineer Complex which revealed the true structural picture.This paper summarises results of the exploration and appraisal wells drilled and describes the evolution of the structural/stratigraphic understanding of the area, covering critical components hindering the oil field’s early detection. The first component is a significant seismic velocity gradient which causes true structural closure to be significantly offset from the time closure. The second component is the reservoir pressures within the oil reservoir and older sandstone intervals within the Angel and Legendre Sandstones show differences due to hydrodynamic cells and/or depletion resulting from production from the adjacent NWS Venture oil fields. The final component is the oil is primarily reservoired in the top Angel Sandstone, belonging to the J40 sequence and is sealed by a thin shale from the underlying mainly water bearing sandstones (J35/J30 and Legendre Sandstones).The combined reserves for the Mutineer Complex and Exeter Oil Fields reservoired in these laterally continuous turbidites are estimated to be 70–160 MMBBL recoverable.

Three-Dimensional Seismic-Wave Propagation Simulations in the Southern Korean Peninsula Using Pseudodynamic Rupture Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeseok Lee ◽  
Jung-Hun Song ◽  
Seongryong Kim ◽  
Junkee Rhie ◽  
Seok Goo Song
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Large Earthquakes

ABSTRACT Accurate and practical ground-motion predictions for potential large earthquakes are crucial for seismic hazard analysis of areas with insufficient instrumental data. Studies on historical earthquake records of the Korean Peninsula suggest that damaging earthquakes are possible in the southeastern region. Yet classical ground-motion prediction methods are limited in considering the physical rupture process and its effects on ground motion in complex velocity structures. In this study, we performed ground-motion simulations based on rigorous physics through pseudodynamic source modeling and wave propagation simulations in a 3D seismic velocity model. Ensembles of earthquake scenarios were generated by emulating the one- and two-point statistics of earthquake source parameters derived from a series of dynamic rupture models. The synthetic seismograms and the distributions of simulated peak ground velocities (PGVs) were compared with the observations of the 2016 Mw 5.4 Gyeongju earthquake in the Korean Peninsula. The effects of surface-wave radiation, rupture directivity, and both local and regional amplifications from the 3D wave propagation were reproduced accurately in the spatial distribution of simulated PGVs, in agreement with the observations from dense seismic networks by mean log residuals of −0.28 and standard deviations of 0.78. Amplifications in ground motions were found in regions having low crustal velocities and in regions of constructive interference from the crustal shear-wave phases associated with postcritical reflections from the Moho discontinuity. We extended the established approach to earthquake scenarios of Mw 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0, at the same location, to provide the distribution of ground motions from potential large earthquakes in the area. Although we demonstrate the value of these simulations, improvements in the accuracy of the 3D seismic velocity model and the scaling relationship of the source models would be necessary for a more accurate estimation of near-source ground motions.

Updating the Geomechanical Model and Calibrating Pore Pressure From 3D Seismic Using Data from the Gnu-1 Well, Dampier Sub-basin, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 408-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian White ◽  
Brett McIntyre ◽  
David Castillo ◽  
Julie Trotta ◽  
Marian Magee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Geomechanical Model ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Prime Concern

Summary A post-mortem analysis of the Gnu-1 well was conducted to help us to understand drilling experiences in the context of the pore-pressure and stress profiles. The post-mortem involved a review of the drilling experiences and an analysis of CAST image data, wireline-log data, and the logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs. This information was used to refine and verify a geomechanical model (in-situ stress, pore pressure, and rock-mechanical properties) in the vicinity of the Gnu-1 well. Of prime concern was the verification of the predrill pore-pressure prediction previously undertaken using 3D-seismic-velocity data and offset-well data. Wellbore-failure and natural-fracture analyses were integral parts of the post-mortem. Wellbore breakouts seen in the image data allowed the pore pressure in the 8.5-in. hole section of Well Gnu-1 to be constrained. Modeling using image data collected in the Athol formation indicates that the pore pressure does not increase as rapidly as was estimated in the predrill study. Pore pressures in the North Rankin formation and below were consistent with the predrill study. The geomechanical model was able to explain the losses seen in the Athol formation in Well Gnu-1 when using the mud weights experienced by the open hole at the time of drilling. Introduction The Gnu prospect is situated in the northern portion of Block WA-209-P in the Dampier subbasin, Australian northwest shelf (Fig. 1). The prospect is located within the Reindeer gas field. A number of offset wells exist in the region, the closest wells being Well Reindeer-1 (approximately 1.5 km to the northeast) and Well Caribou-1 (2 km to the southeast). Well Gnu-1 was designed as an exploration well. The anticipated overburden stratigraphy at the location of Well Gnu-1 consists of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous carbonates, marls and siltstones that overlie Cretaceous claystones, siltstones and minor sandstones, and greensands. The primary aim was to drill vertically to intersect the Muderongia australis glauconitic sandstone and then to build angle and continue drilling a deviated hole through the main Reindeer field gas appraisal within the Legendre formation and into the North Rankin, Brigadier, and Mungaroo formations.

Salt delineation via interpreter-guided 3D seismic image segmentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. T79-T88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Halpert ◽  
Robert G. Clapp ◽  
Biondo Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Velocity Model Building ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Seismic Image ◽  
Unique Nature

Although it is a crucial component of seismic velocity model building, salt delineation is often a major bottleneck in the interpretation workflow. Automatic methods like image segmentation can help to alleviate this bottleneck, but issues with accuracy and efficiency can hinder their effectiveness. However, a new graph-based segmentation algorithm can, after modifications to account for the unique nature of seismic data, quickly and accurately delineate salt bodies on 3D seismic images. In areas where salt boundaries are poorly imaged, limited manual interpretations can be used to guide the automatic segmentation, allowing for interpreter insight to be combined with modern computational capabilities. A successful 3D field data example demonstrates that this method could become an important tool for interactive interpretation tasks.

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