Characteristics of Ambient Noise Cross Correlations in Northern Italy within the Frequency Range of 0.1-0.6 Hz

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marzorati ◽  
D. Bindi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Cross Correlations

scholarly journals Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from ambient noise tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Qorbani ◽  
Dimitri Zigone ◽  
Mark R. Handy ◽  
Götz Bokelmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crustal Structure ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Ambient Noise Tomography ◽  
Tauern Window ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Velocity Anomalies

Abstract. We study the crustal structure under the Eastern and Southern Alps using ambient noise tomography. We use cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise between pairs of 71 permanent stations and 19 stations of the EASI profile to derive new high-resolution 3-D shear-velocity models for the crust. Continuous records from 2014 and 2015 are cross-correlated to estimate Green's functions of Rayleigh and Love waves propagating between the station pairs. Group velocities extracted from the cross-correlations are inverted to obtain isotropic 3-D Rayleigh and Love-wave shear-wave velocity models. Our high resolution models image several velocity anomalies and contrasts and reveal details of the crustal structure. Velocity variations at short periods correlate very closely with the lithologies of tectonic units at the surface and projected to depth. Low-velocity zones, associated with the Po and Molasse sedimentary basins, are imaged well to the south and north of the Alps, respectively. We find large high-velocity zones associated with the crystalline basement that forms the core of the Tauern Window. Small-scale velocity anomalies are also aligned with geological units such as the Ötztal and the Gurktal nappes of the Austroalpine nappes. Clear velocity contrasts in the Tauern Window along vertical cross-sections of the velocity model show the depth extent of the tectonic units and their bounding faults. A mid-crustal velocity contrast is interpreted as a manifestation of intracrustal decoupling in the Eastern Alps and decoupling between the Southern and Eastern Alps.

An Adjoint Technique for Estimation of Interstation Phase and Group Dispersion from Ambient Noise Cross Correlations

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1716-1728
Author(s):  
Rhys Hawkins ◽  
Malcolm Sambridge
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spectral Element ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Rayleigh Surface Waves ◽  
Radial Anisotropy ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Noise Correlation Function ◽  
Tomographic Inversions

Abstract A method of extracting group and phase velocity dispersions jointly for Love‐ and Rayleigh‐wave observations is presented. This method uses a spectral element representation of a path average Earth model parameterized with density, shear‐wave velocity, radial anisotropy, and VP/VS ratio. An initial dispersion curve is automatically estimated using a heuristic approach to prevent misidentification of the phase. A second step then more accurately fits the observed noise correlation function (NCF) between interstation pairs in the frequency domain. For good quality cross correlations with reasonable signal‐to‐noise ratio, we are able to very accurately fit the spectrum of NCFs and hence obtain reliable estimates of both phase and group velocity jointly for Love and Rayleigh surface waves. In addition, we also show how uncertainties can be estimated with linearized approximations from the Jacobians and subsequently used in tomographic inversions.

Upper crustal structure at the KTB drilling site from ambient noise tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Qorbani ◽  
Irene Bianchi ◽  
Petr Kolínský ◽  
Dimitri Zigone ◽  
Götz Bokelmann
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Ambient Noise Tomography ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Path Coverage ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Drilling Site

<p>In this study, we show results from ambient noise tomography at the KTB drilling site, Germany. The Continental Deep Drilling Project, or ‘Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland’ (KTB) is at the northwestern edge of the Bohemian Massif and is located on the Variscan belt of Europe. During the KTB project crustal rocks have been drilled down to 9 km depth and several active seismic studies have been performed in the surrounding. The KTB area therefore presents an ideal test area for testing and verifying the potential resolution of passive seismic techniques. The aim of this study is to present a new shear-wave velocity model of the area while comparing the results to the previous velocity models and hints for anisotropy depicted by former passive and active seismological studies. We use a unique data set composed of two years of continuous data recorded at nine 3-component temporary stations installed from July 2012 to July 2014 located on top and vicinity of the drilling site. Moreover, we included a number of permanent stations in the region in order to improve the path coverage and density. Cross correlations of ambient noise are computed between the station pairs using all possible combination of three-component data. Dispersion curves of surface waves are extracted and are then inverted to obtain group velocity maps. We present here a new velocity model of the upper crust of the area, which shows velocity variations at short scales that correlate well with geology in the region.</p>

Volcano Ambient Noise Interferometry in the Caribbean (VANIC)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud Sleeman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Volcano Seismology ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Noise Interferometry ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Velocity Variations ◽  
Seismic Networks

<p><span><span>The hazardous stratovolcanoes in the Lesser Antilles island arc are monitored with sparse seismic networks. The application of ambient noise interferometry to monitor seismic velocity variations (dv/v) on data from such a sparse instrumented volcanic environment often is a challenge. For the purpose of monitoring it is important a) to analyse the applicability of, and differences between, cross- and single-station cross-correlations, b) to estimate the base level of seismic velocity variations during quiet times and c) to understand the characteristics. Within the EUROVOLC instrument “Transnational Access (TA)” a proposal called VANIC was supported to a) use and evaluate different types of ambient noise cross correlations (single stations vs. multiple stations; auto, cross and cross-component correlations) to be applied on seismic recordings from the Guadeloupe seismic network on La Soufriere, b) compare the results with dv/v base level estimates from the sparse Netherlands Caribbean network on The Quill and Mt. Scenery and c) start collaboration between OVSG and KNMI on both monitoring and research levels with a focus on volcano seismology. This presentation will focus is on the results obtained during the TA visit to OVGS.</span></span></p>

Neural Drive to Muscles in Stuttering

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Neural Drive ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlations

EMG recordings were made from muscles of the jaw, lip, and neck during speech of 10 stutterers and 10 nonstutterers. One-second records of disfluent behaviors of stutterers and of fluent speech of the normal speakers were analyzed by computing cross correlations between all possible muscle pairs and spectra for each muscle channel. The cross correlation analysis indicated that for both the disfluent behavior of stutterers and the fluent speech of nonstutterers, jaw muscles (including antagonistic pairs), lip muscles, and neck muscles tend to be coactivated. Thus, no dramatic differences in muscle activation patterns were revealed in the correlational analysis. In contrast, spectral analysis revealed differences between muscle activity during disfluent behavior and fluent speech. During disfluencies the muscles of 6 of the stutterers showed large, rhythmic oscillations in the frequency range of 5 to 12 Hz. Large oscillations were not observed in this frequency range in the muscle activity of normal speakers. The oscillations in muscle activity during disfluencies generally occurred at the same frequency in the various muscle systems studied. These results suggest that diverse muscles are subject to common oscillatory synaptic drive during disfluent behaviors and that this drive is disruptive to speech production. A reasonable speculation is that the disruptive oscillatory drive is produced by tremorogenic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Filtered Kirchhoff migration of cross correlations of ambient noise signals

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josselin Garnier ◽  
◽  
Knut Solna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Kirchhoff Migration ◽  
Cross Correlations

scholarly journals Determining seismic shear-velocity from ambient noise sources at regional and local scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francesco Civilini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Shear Velocity ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Velocity Changes

<p>We present three projects that use different bandwidths of the ambient noise spectrum to solve geophysical problems. Specifically, we use signals within the noise field to determine surface and shear wave velocities, image the shallow and deep crust, and monitor time-dependent deformation resulting from geothermal fluid injection and extraction.  Harrat Al-Madinah, a Cenozoic bimodal alkaline volcanic field in west-central Saudi Arabia, is imaged using shear-velocities obtained from natural ambient seismic noise. To our knowledge, this project is the first analysis of Saudi Arabia structure using ambient noise methods. Surface wave arrivals are extracted from a year's worth of station-pair cross-correlations, which are approximations of the empirical Green's function of the interstation path. We determine group and phase velocity surface wave dispersion maps with a 0.1 decimal degree resolution and resolve a zone of slow surface wave velocity south-east of the city of Medina, which is spatially correlated with the most recent historical eruption (the 1256 CE Medina eruption). Dispersion curves are calculated at each grid-point of the surface-wave velocity maps and inverted to obtain measurements of shear-velocity with depth. The 1D velocity models are then used to produce average shear-velocity models for the volcanic field. A shear-velocity increase ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 km/s, suggesting a layer interface, is detected at approximately 20 km depth and compared to P-wave measurement from a previous refraction study. We compute cross-section profiles by interpolating the inversions into a pseudo-3D model and resolve a zone of slow shear-velocity below the 1256 CE eruption location. These areas are also spatially correlated with low values of Bouguer gravity. We hypothesize that the low shear-velocity and gravity measurements are caused by fluids and fractures created from prior volcanic eruptions.   We use the coda of cross-correlations extracted from ambient noise to determine shear-velocity changes at Rotokawa and Ngatamariki, two electricity producing geothermal fields located in the North Island of New Zealand. Stacks of cross correlations between stations prior to the onset of production are compared to cross correlations of moving stacks in time periods of well stimulation and the onset of electricity production using the Moving Window Cross Spectral technique. An increase between 0.05% to 0.1% of shear-velocity is detected at Rotokawa coinciding with an increase of injection. The shear-velocity subsequently decreases by approximately 0.1% when the rate of production surpasses the rate of injection. A similar amplitude shear-velocity increase is detected at Ngatamariki during the beginning of injection. After the initial increase, the shear-velocity at Ngatamariki fluctuates in response to differences in injection and production rates. A straight-ray pseudo-tomography analysis is conducted at the geothermal fields, which reveals that localized positive velocity changes are co-located with injection wells.  Lastly, we use ambient noise and active sources at the Ngatamariki geothermal field to determine the structure of the top 200 meters using the Refraction Microtremor technique. We deployed a linear 72-channel array of vertical geophones with ten meter spacing at two locations of the geothermal field and determine average 1D and 2D shear-velocity profiles. We were able to image depths between 57 to 93 meters for 2D profiles and up to 165 meters for 1D profiles. A shear-velocity anomaly was detected across one of the lines that coincided with the inferred location of a fault determined from nearby well logs. This suggests that the method can be used to cheaply and quickly constrain near-surface geology at geothermal fields, where ambient noise is abundant and typical reflection and refraction surveys require large inputs of energy and are hindered by attenuation and scattering in near-surface layers.</p>

Using ocean ambient noise cross‐correlations for noise‐based acoustic tomography.

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 1974-1974
Author(s):  
Charlotte Leroy ◽  
Karim G. Sabra ◽  
Philippe Roux ◽  
William Kuperman ◽  
William Hodgkiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Cross Correlations

On the Stability and Reproducibility of the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios on Ambient Noise: Case Study of Cavola, Northern Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cara ◽  
G. Di Giulio ◽  
G. Milana ◽  
P. Bordoni ◽  
J. Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Spectral Ratios ◽  
The Stability
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