Tsunami Source of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Inferred from Tide Gauge and Satellite Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1A) ◽  
pp. S192-S207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fujii ◽  
K. Satake
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Andaman Earthquake

Study of the tsunami source in the Palu Bay following the Mw7.5 2018 Sulawesi earthquake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Romano ◽  
Haider Hasan ◽  
Stefano Lorito ◽  
Finn Løvholt ◽  
Beatriz Brizuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Slip Mechanism ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nonlinear Joint

<p>On 28 September 2018 a Mw 7.5 strike-slip earthquake occurred on the Palu-Koro fault system in the Sulawesi Island. Immediately after the earthquake a powerful tsunami hit the Palu Bay causing large damages and numerous fatalities.</p><p>Several works, inverting seismic or geodetic data, clearly estimated the slip distribution of this event, but the causative source of the tsunami is still not completely understood; indeed, the strike-slip mechanism of the seismic source alone might not be sufficient to explain the large runups observed (> 6 m) along the coast of the Palu Bay, and thus one or more additional non-seismic sources like a landslide could have contributed to generate the big tsunami. An insight of that can be found in an extraordinary collection of amateur videos, and on the only available tide gauge in the Bay, at Pantoloan, that showed evidence for a short period wave of at least 2-3 minutes, compatible with a landslide.</p><p>In this study, we attempt to discriminate the contribution in the tsunami generation of both the seismic source and  some supposed landslides distributed along the coast of the Bay.</p><p>In particular, we attempt to estimate the causative source of the tsunami by means of a nonlinear joint inversion of geodetic (InSAR) and runup data. We use a fault geometry consistent with the Sentinel-2 optical analysis results and analytically compute the geodetic Green’s functions. The same fault model is used to compute the initial condition for the seismic tsunami Green’s functions, including the contribution of the horizontal deformation due to the gradient of the bathymetry (10 m spatial resolution); the landslide tsunami Green’s functions are computed the software BingClaw by placing several hypothetical sources in the Bay. In both the cases the tsunami propagation is modelled by numerically solving the nonlinear shallow water equations.</p><p>In this work we also attempt to address the validity of Green’s functions approach (linearity) for earthquake and landslide sources as well as the wave amplitude offshore as predictor of nearby runup.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the tsunami amplification effect by resonance in Yeongil Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Sungwon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Tsunami Forecast ◽  
Tsunami Wave Height ◽  
Tsunami Model

Predicting tsunami hazards based on the tsunami source, propagation, runup patterns is critical to protect humans and property. Potential tsunami zone, as well as the historical tsunamis in 1983 and 1993, can be a threat to the east coast of South Korea. The Korea Meteorological Administration established a tsunami forecast warning system to reduce damage from tsunamis, but it does not consider tsunami amplification in the bay due to resonance. In this study, the Numerical model, Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami model, was used to investigate natural frequency in the bay due to coastal geometry. The study area is Yeongill bay in Pohang, southeast of South Korea, because this area is a natural bay and includes three harbors where resonance significantly occurs. This study generated a Gaussian-shaped tsunami, propagated it into the Yeongill bay, and compared numerical modeling results with data from tide gauge located in Yeongill bay during several storms through spectral analysis. It was found that both energies of tsunamis and storms were amplified at the same frequencies, and maximum tsunami wave height was amplified about 3.12 times. The results in this study can contribute to quantifying the amplification of tsunami heights in the bay.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of the adjoint method in the inversion of tsunami source parameters

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pires ◽  
P. M. A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Adjoint Method ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Open Domain ◽  
Direct Optimization ◽  
Fault Parameters

Abstract. This paper tests a methodology for tsunami wave-form inversion, based on the adjoint method. The method is designed to perform the direct optimization of the tsunami fault parameters, from tide-gauge data, imposing strong geophysical constrains to the inverted solutions, leading to a substantial enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio, when compared with the classical technique based on Green’s functions of the linear long-wave model. A 4-step inversion proce-dure, which can be fully automated, consists (i) in the source area delimitation by adjoint backward ray-tracing, (ii) ad-joint optimization of the initial sea state, from a vanishing first-guess, (iii) non-linear adjustment of the fault model and (iv) final adjoint optimization in the fault parameter space. That methodology is systematically tested with four different idealized bathymetry and coastline setups (flat bathymetry in an open domain, closed conical circular lake, islands in an open domain and submarine mountains in an open domain) and different amounts of synthetic observation data, and of observational and bathymetric errors. Results show that the method works well in the presence of reasonable amounts of error and it provides, as a by-product, a resolution matrix that contains information on the inversion error, identifying the combinations of source parameters that are best and worst resolved by the inversion

scholarly journals Review of Year 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Tsunami Fault Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
N. N. N. Naim ◽  
N. H. Mardi ◽  
M. A. Malek
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
The West ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Andaman Earthquake ◽  
Best Fit

This paper reviews the fault parameters used in the literatures of tsunami source simulations for the 26 December, 2004 Sumatra–Andaman tsunami, as well as understanding of the geology and geography of the Sunda Trench. Although the source of tsunami generation is exclusive, the parameters used in the simulations differ according to source of data, method of parameter derivation and modeling experiences. Hence, identification of possible future source generations and results for best fit parameters obtained from literature review are integrated to be used for future simulations. Based on the literature review conducted, it is clear that the parameters of tsunami source generation play a vital component and indication in amplifying effects in the coastal areas. Hence, earlier identification of possible fault rupture parameters in the Andaman Sea provides an information about the effects of the future risks of tsunami towards the west-coast of Malaysia.

scholarly journals Source modeling and spectral analysis of the Crete tsunami of 2nd May 2020 along the Hellenic Subduction Zone, offshore Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh ◽  
Aditya Riadi Gusman
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Source Inversion ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Tsunami Source Inversion ◽  
Wave Trains

AbstractTsunami hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin (EMB) has attracted attention following three tsunamis in this basin since 2017 namely the July 2017 and October 2020 Turkey/Greece and the May 2020 offshore Crete Island (Greece) tsunamis. Unique behavior is seen from tsunamis in the EMB due to its comparatively small size and confined nature which causes several wave reflections and oscillations. Here, we studied the May 2020 event using sea level data and by applying spectral analysis, tsunami source inversion, and numerical modeling. The maximum tsunami zero-to-crest amplitudes were measured 15.2 cm and 6.5 cm at two near-field tide gauge stations installed in Ierapetra and Kasos ports (Greece), respectively. The dominant tsunami period band was 3.8–4.7 min. We developed a heterogeneous fault model having a maximum slip of 0.64 m and an average slip of 0.28 m. This model gives a seismic moment of 1.13 × 1019 Nm; equivalent to Mw 6.67. We observed three distinct wave trains on the wave record of the Ierapetra tide gauge: the first and the second wave trains carry waves with periods close to the source period of the tsunami, while the third train is made of a significantly-different period of 5–10 min.

scholarly journals VARIATION AND TREND OF SEA LEVEL DERIVED FROM ALTIMETRY SATELLITE AND TIDE GAUGE IN CILACAP AND BENOA COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Amelius Andi Mansawan ◽  
Jonson Lumban Gaol ◽  
James P. Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Satellite Altimetry Data

Observation of sea levels continuously is very important in order to adapt the disasters in the coastal areas. Conventionally observations of sea level using tide gauge, but the number of tide gauge installed along the coast of Indonesia is still limited. Altimetry satellite data is one solution; therefore it is necessary to assess the potential and accuracy of altimetry satellite data to complement the sea level data from tide gauges. The study was conducted in the coastal waters of Cilacap and Bali by analysis data Envisat satellite altimetry for period 2003 to 2010 and data compiled from a variety of satellite altimetry from 2006 to 2014. Data tidal was used as a comparison of altimetry satellite data. The altimetry satellite data in Cilacap and Benoa waters more than 90% could be used to assess the variation and the sea level rise during the period 2003-2010. The rate of sea level rise both the data of tidal and satellite altimetry data indicates the same rate was 3.5 mm/year in Cilacap. in Benoa are 4.7 mm/year and 5.60 mm/year respectively.

scholarly journals Reconstruction and Projection of Sea Level Around the Korean Peninsula Using Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Functions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hyeon Cheon ◽  
Benjamin D. Hamlington ◽  
Kyung-Duck Suh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Tide Gauge Data ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gauge Data

Abstract. Since the advent of the modern satellite altimeter era, the understanding of the sea level has increased dramatically. The satellite altimeter record, however, dates back only to the 1990s. The tide gauge record, on the other hand, extends through the 20th century, but with poor spatial coverage when compared to the satellites. Many studies have been conducted to extend the spatial resolution of the satellite data into the past by finding novel ways to combine the satellite data and tide gauge data in what are known as sea level reconstructions. However, most of the reconstructions of sea level were conducted on a global scale, leading to reduced accuracy on regional levels, particularly where there are relatively few tide gauges. The sea around the Korean Peninsula is one such area with few tide gauges prior to 1960. In this study, new methods are proposed to reconstruct the past sea level and project the future sea level around the Korean Peninsula. Using spatial patterns obtained from a cyclo-stationary empirical orthogonal function decomposition of satellite data, we reconstruct sea level over the time period from 1900 to 2014. Sea surface temperature data and altimeter data are used simultaneously in the reconstruction process, leading to an elimination of reliance on tide gauge data. Although the tide gauge data was not used in the reconstruction process, the reconstructed results showed better agreement with the tide gauge observations in the region than previous studies that incorporated the TG data. This study demonstrates a reconstruction technique that can be used on regional levels, with particular emphasis on areas with poor tide gauge coverage.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of sea level around the Korean Peninsula using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hyeon Cheon ◽  
Benjamin D. Hamlington ◽  
Kyung-Duck Suh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Tide Gauge Data ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Gauge Data

Abstract. Since the advent of the modern satellite altimeter era, the understanding of the sea level has increased dramatically. The satellite altimeter record, however, dates back only to the 1990s. The tide gauge record, on the other hand, extends through the 20th century but with poor spatial coverage when compared to the satellites. Many studies have been conducted to create a dataset with the spatial coverage of the satellite datasets and the temporal length of the tide gauge records by finding novel ways to combine the satellite data and tide gauge data in what is known as sea level reconstruction. However, most of the reconstructions of sea level were conducted on a global scale, leading to reduced accuracy on regional levels, especially when there are relatively few tide gauges. The seas around the Korean Peninsula are one such area with few tide gauges before 1960. In this study, new methods are proposed to reconstruct past sea level around the Korean Peninsula. Using spatial patterns obtained from a cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function decomposition of satellite data, we reconstruct sea level over the period from 1900 to 2014. Sea surface temperature data and altimeter data are used simultaneously in the reconstruction process, leading to an elimination of reliance on tide gauge data. Although we did not use the tide gauge data in the reconstruction process, the reconstructed sea level has a better agreement with the tide gauge observations in the region than previous studies that incorporated the tide gauge data. This study demonstrates a reconstruction technique that can potentially be used at regional levels, with particular emphasis on areas with poor tide gauge coverage.

scholarly journals Tsunami Source of the 2021 M W 8.1 Raoul Island Earthquake from DART and Tide‐gauge data inversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Romano ◽  
A. R. Gusman ◽  
W. Power ◽  
A. Piatanesi ◽  
M. Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Tide Gauge Data ◽  
Data Inversion ◽  
Gauge Data
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