scholarly journals The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers: Implications for Welfare Reform

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Connelly ◽  
Jean Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Welfare Recipiency

scholarly journals Women’s Employment and Fertility: A Welfare Regime Paradox

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Christin Landivar ◽  
Carter T. Butts
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Employment Rates

In this article we methodologically assess the paradox posited by other researchers of fertility: namely, why fertility is so much lower in the familialistic countries of Southern and Eastern Europe. We examine the relationship between individual attributes, aggregate female labor force participation, child care enrollment, family leave, and individual fertility in twenty developed countries using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Our results indicate that women's full-time employment and country-level employment rates decrease expected fertility in contrast to recent research which shows a reversal in the negative association between total fertility rates and female labor force participation during the 1980s. However, the positive association between child care enrollment and fertility indicates that child care services might mitigate some of the decline in fertility, possibly by reducing labor force exit among women with young children.

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