A Study on South Kyungsang Korean English Leaners' Perception of English High Vowels

2014 ◽  
Vol null (58) ◽  
pp. 265-299
Author(s):  
이동명 ◽  
임수현
Keyword(s):  
High Vowels ◽  
South Kyungsang Korean

Asian tongue root systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Language Group ◽  
High Vowels

This chapter is devoted to tongue root (ATR or RTR) harmony in Tungusic languages (a.o. Classical Manchu) and Mongolian languages (Khalka and Buriat), which all belong the Altaic language group. In addition to TR-harmony, most Tungusic and Mongolian languages also have a limited form of labial harmony, especially among low vowels. After discussing the Tungusic and Mongolian systems the chapter will focus on the behavior of high vowels, which do not participate in labial harmony, and are either transparent or opaque. A notable difference between Tungusic and Mongolic regards the fact that whereas [i] is transparent to labial harmony in Mongolic, it is opaque in Tungusic. High round vowels are opaque in both groups.

Aperture harmony

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Binary Features ◽  
High Vowels

This chapter analyzes a number of vowel harmony systems which have been described or analyzed in terms of aperture (lowering or raising, including complete harmony). This takes us into areas where the literature on vowel harmony discusses cases involving the following binary features: [± high], [± low], [± ATR], and [± RTR]. Raising has been thought of as problematic for unary ‘IUA’ systems as these systems lack a common element for high vowels. This chapter suggests that raising can be attributed to ATR-harmony. The chapter also discusses typological generalizations and analyzes metaphony in Romance languages.

The effect of prosodic focus varies by phrasal tones: the case of South Kyungsang Korean

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Dongyoung Kim ◽  
Sunghye Cho
Keyword(s):  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Phone Number ◽  
Prosodic Focus ◽  
South Kyungsang Korean

AbstractThis study examines the production and perception of corrective focus in South Kyungsang Korean, using phone number strings. It shows that focus prosody varies greatly by tonal pattern (HHL, HLL, LHT, LHL) within phrases. Prosodic focus in High-initial phrases was clearly produced and accurately recognized, compared to that in Low-initial phrases. Additionally, the identification rate of HLL was higher than that of HHL, mainly because the focused initial H of the HHL contrasted with the second H within phrases, in terms of pitch. The results confirm that the encoding of prosodic focus is not uniform within a language; rather, focus prosody within a language can vary depending on the tonal pattern of an utterance.

scholarly journals Single-Word Speech Intelligibility in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Wild ◽  
Houri K. Vorperian ◽  
Ray D. Kent ◽  
Daniel M. Bolt ◽  
Diane Austin
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
High Vowels

Purpose A single-word identification test was used to study speech production in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS) to determine the developmental pattern of speech intelligibility with an emphasis on vowels. Method Speech recordings were collected from 62 participants with DS aged 4–40 years and 25 typically developing participants aged 4–7 years. Panels of 5 adult lay listeners transcribed the speech recordings orthographically, and their responses were scored in comparison with the speakers' target words. Results Speech intelligibility in persons with DS improved with age, especially between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Whereas consonants contribute to intelligibility, vowels also played an important role in reduced intelligibility with an apparent developmental difference in low versus high vowels, where the vowels /æ/ and/ɑ/ developed at a later age than /i/ and /u/. Interspeaker variability was large, with male individuals being generally less intelligible than female individuals and some adult men having very low intelligibility. Conclusion Results show age-related patterns in speech intelligibility in persons with DS and identify the contribution of dimensions of vowel production to intelligibility. The methods used clarify the phonetic basis of reduced intelligibility, with implications for assessment and treatment.

Markedness and dominance in the ATR harmony system of Diola-Fogny

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic F. Casali
Keyword(s):  
Function Words ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
Traditional Understanding

Abstract Diola-Fogny is a well-known example of a tongue root harmony language with assimilatory dominance of [+ATR] vowels. Less well known, however, are some asymmetries involving the frequency and distribution of [+ATR] and [-ATR] vowels. In addition to being dominant, [+ATR] vowels are subject to restrictions on their occurrence in certain classes of function words and affixes and occur with far lower overall frequency than [-ATR] vowels. In essence, they pattern like a marked sound class. This paper focuses on some implications of these findings for a theoretical topic of interest: markedness relations involving tongue root features. The Diola-Fogny patterns conform quite well to the expectations of a traditional understanding of featural markedness, which equates the dominant value of a feature with the marked one. They are problematic, however, for a widely assumed view of tongue root markedness relations that treats [-ATR] as universally marked in high vowels. Under this view, marked patterning of all [+ATR] vowels (including high [+ATR] [i], [u]) is unexpected. I show that such patterning is intelligible in a framework in which markedness has a representational basis and in which [+ATR] quality is represented by a privative feature [ATR].

The role of NZ English in a binary feature analysis of English short vowels

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Binary Feature ◽  
Acoustic Space ◽  
High Vowels

The Jakobsonian system of binary distinctive features is based on the premise that, as far as vowels are concerned, their articulation, and the resulting acoustic effects, are not distributed randomly over the available articulatory or acoustic space, but are organized into systems of binary contrasts, so that for example (in articulatory terms) a set of front vowels will be matched by a corresponding set of back vowels, a set of high vowels by a set of mid or low vowels, and so on. There will thus be a certain symmetry in the distribution of such vowels, either in their positions on a vowel quadrilateral, or in a similar schematic shape such as the five-vowel triangle.

On the Regularity of Hypercorrection in Phonological Change

Diachronica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Pargman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
The South ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Performance Error ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
Phonological Change

SUMMARY Hypercorrection, as it has traditionally been defined in historical linguistics, is often described as a sporadic and irregular performance error that does not affect the structure of a language in any sort of systematic or lasting way. In this article, evidence is presented from the South Dravidian family of languages to show that such an assumption cannot be supported in all cases. Early in the history of this family, a phonological change involving umlaut operated to lower high vowels in root syllables before a low-vowel suffix. However, in one of the languages of this family, Literary Tamil, a subsequent change occurred whereby the effects of umlaut were reversed, and the resultant new pattern was hypercorrectively extended to new environments that did not originally contain the appropriate conditioning for the change. So widespread was the overextension of the pattern that its outcome was virtually identical to the outcome of a regular, phonetically-conditioned sound law. This suggests not only a reformulation of the importance of hypercorrection in bringing about significant linguistic change, but also a reconsideration of the role accorded to phonetic factors as the only means through which exceptionless phonological change can be effected. RÉSUMÉ L'hypercorrection, selon la définition traditionnelle qu'en donne la linguistique historique, est une erreur sporadique et irrégulière qui ne concerne que la parole et qui n'a pas de conséquences systématiques ou permanentes pour ce qui est la structure de la langue. Cet article présente pourtant des données linguistiques de la famille sud-dravidienne qui montrent qu'en fait cette supposition ne tient pas toujours. Tout au début dans l'histoire de cette famille, un changement métaphonique a eu lieu dont le résultat a été l'abaissement d'une voyelle haute dans une syllabe de racine devant un suffixe comprenant une voyelle basse. Toutefois, dans une des langues de cette famille, le tamoul littéraire, un changement s'est produit plus tard, renversant les effets de la métaphonie, et par lequel la nouvelle distribution phonologique qui résultait du renversement s'étendait par hypercorrection aux mots qui n'avaient pas ä l'origine les conditions nécessaires pour subir le changement métapho-nique. L'hyperextension de cette nouvelle distribution phonologique a été si générale dans la langue que ses effets sont pratiquement identiques ä ceux d'un changement phonique régulier et attendu. Ces données mènent ä revoir l'importance de l'hypercorrection dans l'introduction de changements linguistiques importants, et ä repenser le rôle des facteurs phonétiques comme seul moyen d'arriver aux changements phonologiques sans exceptions. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Hyperkorrektion, ihrer traditionellen Stellung innerhalb der histori-schen Sprachwissenschaft zufolge, wird oft als ein sporadischer, unregelmäs-siger Performanzfehler beschrieben, der keine systematische, dauernde Wir-kung auf die Struktur einer Sprache ausube. In diesem Beitrag werden Fakten aus der süddravidischen Sprachfamilie vorgelegt, die die Unannehmbarkeit einer allgemeinen Gültigkeit dieser Auffassung beweisen. In der frühen Ge-schichte dieser Familie fand nämlich ein Lautwandel statt, der den hohen Vokal einer Wurzelsilbe niedrig werden liess, wenn diese einem Suffix, der einen niedrigen Vokal enthielt, voranging. In einem Mitglied dieser Sprachfamilie — der tamilischen Schriftsprache — hat aber eine spätere Entwick-lung die Ergebnisse des Umlautwandels beseitigt, und danach ist ein daraus resultierendes Muster entstanden, das durch Hyperkorrektion nun in neuen Umgebungen verbreitet worden ist, die die urspriinglich zutreffende Bedin-gung nicht besassen. So verallgemeinert wurde dièse iibertriebene Ausdeh-nung des Musters, daß ihr Ergebnis wie das Ergebnis eines regelmässigen, phonetisch bedingten Lautwandels — zumindest der äußeren Erscheinung nach — aussah. Daraus lässt sich schliessen, dass die Bedeutung der Hyperkorrektion bei der Sprachentwicklung, sowie die Rolle der phonetischen Fak-toren, die man im allgemeinen fur das einzige Mittel hait, durch das ein aus-nahmsloser Lautwandel statt findet — eine neue Einschätzung verdienen.

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