scholarly journals The conflict between Nomadic and Sedentary civilizations in a render of cartographical thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Place Names ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Terrain Features

This paper compares the mental map of the Kazakh nomads and representational mappings of Russian surveyors. This comparison makes it possible to identify several categories of place-names, which had been heavily used both by nomads and Russian topographers. In spite of the fact that in many cases these place-names varied little concerning the expression, they usually included a number of key differences concerning the content. Such a situation caused series of mental conflicts, which under certain circumstances could escalate into the arm clashes. One of the conclusions in this paper is that the narratives resulted from colonial knowledge were insensitive to the signifieds that were central to the nomadic existence. In contrast, the benchmarks of representational topography had immediately identified the categories, by which the nomads linked their mental map to the steppe. These categories included isolated terrain features (urochishcha), routes, and boundaries. The paper provides an analysis of the structure relevant to each of these concepts and reveals significant differences in their values for the representatives of nomadic and sedentary civilizations. The paper contains a few examples that illustrate how these differences could lead to conflicts between Kazakh nomads and Russian sedentary settlers.

scholarly journals A kognitív térkép és a névhasználat

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Reszegi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
The One

The cognitive map and the use of names In this paper, the author attempts to provide a general summary of the relationship between the cognitive map and spatial concepts on the one hand, and between the onomasticon related to the cognitive map and discourses about space on the other hand, focusing on universal as well as culturally specific features. To this end, the author summarizes and interprets all the relevant results of national and international research from the areas of geography, socio-geography, anthropology, psychology, socio-onomastics and cognitive linguistics. Space is made up of different places and their relationships, which are represented on the cognitive map. At the same time, the development of the cognitive map is governed by many factors. In addition to one’s own experiences of the geographical environment. A significant proportion of geographic knowledge also results from different sources or from a combination of sources. In this context, the linguistic-cultural background also influences the individual’s geographical concepts and spatial cognition. At the same time, there are general features, organizing principles in spatial cognition resulting from the mechanisms of cognition, which influence the development of the mental map and name-giving practices as well. A good example is that one can only define a place in relation to another place, and this relation is often reflected in place names. Closely connected to this, is the view of centre-periphery relations in space, which is often manifested in discourse about places and sometimes in the meanings of place names, as well. The connotative meaning attached to words can also be mentioned as a common feature, and this is present both in the organization of discourse about space and in place names. These interrelated principles may apply in different ways to different areas, communities and cultures.

The Earliest English Place Names in North East Scotland

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (First Serie (2) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F.H. Nicolaisen
Keyword(s):  
Place Names ◽  
North East

IDENTIFYING THE MOST SUITABLE AREAS FOR SURFACE FLOW WETLAND CONSTRUCTION IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas DUMBRAUSKAS ◽  
Nijolė BASTIENĖ ◽  
Petras PUNYS
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Terrain Features ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

GIS-based approach to find the suitable sites for surface flow constructed wetlands was employed for the Lithuanian river basins with low ecological status. According to the nature of the analysed criteria the flowchart consists of two phases. Criteria used include hydrographical network, soil properties, terrain features, land use, etc. Some of them have strictly defined values (constraints), and other ranges within certain limits (factors). Limited criteria were analysed using rejection principle and influencing factors using proximity analysis and overlay methods. Selecting the potential sites using standard GIS analysis tools there was estimated about 3286 sites for possible wetlands with the mean area of inflow basin about 4 km2 in the basins of water bodies at risk.

Exploration history and place names of northern East Greenland

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Place Names ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
New Name ◽  
Systematic Compilation

The first recorded landing by Europeans on the coast of northern East Greenland (north of 69°N) was that of William Scoresby Jr., a British whaler, in 1822. This volume includes a chronological summary of the pioneer 19th century exploration voyages made by British, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, French and German expeditions – all of whom reported that the region had previously been occupied by the Inuit or Eskimo; also included are brief outlines of the increasing number of government and privately sponsored expeditions throughout the 20th century, whose objectives included cartography, geology, zoology, botany, trapping and the ascent of the highest mountain summits. In 1934 the Place Name Committee for Greenland was established, the tasks of which included a review of all place names hitherto recorded on published maps of Greenland, their formal adoption in danicised form, and the approval or rejection of new name proposals. In northern East Greenland, by far the largest numbers of new place names were those proposed by scientists associated with Lauge Koch's geological expeditions that lasted from 1926 until 1958. This volume records the location and origin of more than 3000 officially approved place names as well as about 2650 unapproved names. The author's interest in the exploration history and place names of northern East Greenland started in 1968, when the Geological Survey of Greenland initiated a major five-year geological mapping programme in the Scoresby Sund region. Systematic compilation of names began about 1970, initially with the names given by William Scoresby Jr., and subsequently broadened in scope to include the names proposed by all expeditions to northern East Greenland. The author has participated in 16 summer mapping expeditions with the Survey to northern East Greenland. Publication of this volume represents the culmination of a lifetime working in the Arctic.

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