scholarly journals Ecological features of some species of the Lily of the valley family (Convallariaceae) in the Kirov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Venera Nuritdinovna Suleimanova ◽  
Tatyana Leonidovna Egoshina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Convallaria Majalis

In connection with the anthropogenic load on the natural habitats of many medicinal plant species, it is relevant to assess the ecological conditions of growth in order to study the relationships between species and plant communities. The paper presents the analysis of ecological features of some species of the Lily of the valley family (Convallariaceae) in the Kirov Region. To identify the ecological-phytocoenotic association of the studied species in forest communities of the Kirov Region, 45 coenotic populations (CP) of Convallaria majalis , 10 CP of Polygonatum odoratum and 20 CP of Majanthemum bifolium were studied. When analyzing the ecological conditions of the species habitats, H. Ellenberg ecological scales were used. Geobotanical descriptions of plant communities were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that the amplitudes of the ecological spaces of the studied species in the Kirov Region practically do not fit into most ranges of ecological niches calculated on the basis of H. Ellenberg scales. The species have a wide range of adaptability to the studied environmental factors. All studied species are distributed on medium-moist soils (5th level of H. Ellenberg scale). The authors have shown that the studied species are similar in environmental factors such as moisture and soil richness with nitrogen. Convallaria majalis and Polygonatum odoratum - photophilous species, Majanthemum bifolium - shade-tolerant species are distinguished with respect to illumination. In the grass-shrub layer of the studied habitats of the species, 7 rare, small, narrowly araic species are listed in the Red Book of the Kirov Region ( Pulsatilia flavescens (Zuccar.) Juz., Potentilla humifusa Willd. ex Schlecht., Centaurea sumensis Kalen., Koeleria glauca (Spreng.) DC., Eryngium planum L., Geranium sanguineum L., Carex bohemica Schreb.). And 4 species that need constant monitoring and observation in the region (Annex 2) - Campanula perscifolia L., Pulsatilia patens (L.) Mill., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., Iris sibirica L.).

ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIBERNATING ANIMALS OF YAKUTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
V.T. Sedalishchev ◽  
V.A. Odnokurtsev
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

Under the influence of environmental factors, in winter-sleeping animals living in extreme winter conditions, a wide range of mechanisms of ecological and physiological adaptations is mani-fested that ensure the normal course of wintering and the survival of populations of species after its end. We carried out an analysis of our own data and literary sources on ecology and endoparasite infestation in three species of rodents – black-capped marmot, Asian long-tailed ground squirrel, Siberian (Asian) chipmunk, and in a representative of predators– brown bear. Data on the distribu-tion of the listed species of hibernating animals in the territory of Yakutia, their reproduction, nutri-tion, the extent of infestation by helminths, hibernation, time of bedding and awakening are given. Before going into hibernation, all hibernating animals reduce their diet and resort to hunger strikes. During this period, liquid and solid excrement is excreted from the body and, together with food waste, helminths leave or destrobilatethe gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Comparison of commonly used ecological scales with the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
B. Baranovski ◽  
N. Roschina ◽  
L. Karmyzova ◽  
I. Ivanko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Wide Range

There are several ecological scales developed both for phytoindication of ecological factors and plant ecomorphs. Among them, the scales of Ellenberg and Tsyganov are the most commonly used. L. G. Ramensky and P. S. Pogrebnyak had developed a phytoindication method; they also were founders of first ecological scale of plant species in relation to various environmental factors. One of first ecomorph systems was developed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard. In 1947, Belgard presented a tabular ecomorph system in his doctoral dissertation, and later in monograph “Forest vegetation of the South-East of Ukraine”. In the system he used abbreviated Latin names applying terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol, Warmin and other authors. He considered ecomorphs as adaptations of plants to environmental conditions in forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine where forest cenoses are exposed to processes of steppization, prairification, swamping, salinization, and thus clarification of relationships between forest, meadow, steppe, marsh and weed plant species was essential. Therefore, development and introduction of cenomorph terms as “adaptation of plant species to phytocenosis as a whole” were an absolutely new contribution to the concept of ecomorph system. In environmental factor scales of Ellenberg and other authors, environment characteristics based on phytoindication were underlined; in the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System, ecomorphs reflect ability of plant species to grow within certain ranges of a given factor. These approaches are quite comparable, and ecomorphs of the Belgard system correspond to certain grades of the Ellenberg and Tsyganov scales. The Belgard ecomorph system has been applied in a number of fundamental and applied works on plant ecology and phytocenology. It is convenient for characterizing ecological features of plant species growing in the steppe zone with a wide range of environment factors such as lighting, humidity, and soil richness. Other authors have expanded and supplemented the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System based on its strategy. A number of ecomorphs was introduced; they reflect intermediate or extreme gradations of factors. A new cenomorph – silvomargoant – has been proposed by the authors of this paper.

Lichens and ultramafic rocks: a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. FAVERO-LONGO ◽  
Deborah ISOCRONO ◽  
Rosanna PIERVITTORI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Floristic, vegetational and ecological features of lichens in ultramafic environments are reviewed using a wide range of literature dating from the beginning of the 20th century. Co-presence of acidophytic (silicicolous) and basiphytic (calcicolous) species and the occurrence of species characterized by particular (disjunct) distribution patterns are features of lichens in ultramafic environments. It is not possible to detect consistent trends in data on other broadly accepted features, such as paucity of species, low cover and the occurrence of particular ecotypes because of the influence of several environmental factors in addition to the substratum. Some recent data about physico-chemical interactions between saxicolous lichens and ultramafic rocks are also reported.

scholarly journals The usable taxons in spontaneous flora of railway areas of the central-eastern part of Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wrzesień ◽  
Bożena Denisow
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae ◽  
The Common ◽  
Central Eastern

A wide range of ecological conditions on anthropogenic sites makes it easy for different usable species to infiltrate and spread there. The data were collected since 1998. The spontaneous flora of railway areas of the central-eastern part of Poland is composed of already recorded 950 vascular plants, of which 373 are recognized as usable, including 78 dye plants, 162 medicinal, 324 nectariferous or polleniferous taxons. The majority of taxons are distributed in disperse (128 species - 34%) or occur rarely (96 species - 26%). The common or frequent species constitute 40% of usable flora of the studied area. Medicinal and melliferous plants occur most frequently on slopes of trenches and railway embankments in nearly natural habitats. They mostly grow as single individuals or form loose and rarely dense patches. The analysis of their geographical status confirms the ultimate prevalence of apophytes over anthropophytes. Considering syntaxonomic structure, there are mainly species typical for phytoceonoses from <i>Molinio</i>-<i>Arrhenatheretea</i>, <i>Artemisietea vulgaris</i>, <i>Stellarietea mediae</i>, <i>Festuco</i>-<i>Brometea</i>, <i>Querco</i>-<i>Fagetea</i> classes.

scholarly journals Communities with Galega orientalis Lam. in Kursk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Ludmila Arepieva ◽  
◽  
Alexander Poluyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Meadow Communities ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Kursk Region

. Plant communities dominated by the invasive species Galega orientalis, common in natural and anthropogenic habitats, have been identified in Kursk Region. On anthropogenic ecotopes (wastelands, roadsides), phytocoenoses of the ass. Galigetum orientalis are formed as a result of introduction of Galega orientalis into communities of the order Agropyretalia intermedio–repentis (class Artemisietea vulgaris). In natural habitats, Galega orientalis spreads in mesophylous meadow communities (order Arrhenatheretalia, class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), while derivative communities Galega orientalis [Arrhenatheretalia] are formed. Galega orientalis is unevenly present in derivative communities, forming separate loci, as a result, its cover is less intensive than in anthropogenic communities. It may be due to a more intensive distribution of this species in disturbed habitats. Comparison of ranges of values of environmental factors showed that derivative communities are formed in wetter habitats. Phytocoenoses of the association are characterized by wider variation in values of acidity and richness of soils in mineral nitrogen.

scholarly journals Ecological, biological and coenotic features of common lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis L.) in the conditions of Zhytomyr Polissya

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
O. Ishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Convallaria Majalis ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Favorable Weather

A study deals with the natural habitats of Convallaria majalis L., its biological characteristics and capabilities to the seed to renewal. The features of generative and vegetative reproduction Lily of the valley in terms of Polissya are determined. A lily of valley (Convalaria majalis L., is a valuable medicinal herb, as well as an ornamental plant. The healing properties of lily of valley are caused by the presence of glycosides and saponins. The popularity of the species leads to its reduction. Nowadays the possibilities of this valuable plant application are not determined. That is why; there is a necessity to explore the habitat of this plant, its bio ecological features and the possibilities of seed restoration. The purpose of investigation is to study ecological, biological and coenotic features of a lily of valley in Zhytomyr Polissya region. Conclusions and perspectives of further researches are proved. The favorable weather conditions in 2012 allowed sufficient germ number to form. It was 200 per generative sprout in 2013. The real seed productivity in years of the research was not high and it was from 20–30 to 38 seed per species. 2013 was the least favorable year for seed formation. A lily of valley forms from 10 to 18 germs of seeds. But some part of them is able to form seeds. So, 12 germs could form 4, 3 seeds in 2011, 10 germs could produce only 4, 4 in 2012. The number of seed germs increased in 2013, but seeds were not produced. The absence of seed materials is due to the bad weather conditions during the pollination and flowering period. So, the seed restoration of a lily of valley is rather slow and random. The population is restored because of its vegetative propagation. The further researches will be focused on Convalaria majalis habitat clarification in natural conditions of Zhytomyr region in order to develop the recommendations for the proper harvesting of pharmaceutical raw materials without damaging any other natural species.

scholarly journals The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) as a host of fleas (Siphonaptera) and tapeworms (Cestoda) in suburban environment of Lublin (eastern Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Joanna Kulisz ◽  
Aneta Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Striped Field Mouse ◽  
Apodemus Agrarius ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suburban Environment

The striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, is one of the most abundant species among small rodents in Poland. It occurs commonly across the whole country inhabiting diverse ecological niches as meadows, farmlands, enclaves of natural habitats in cities. Wide range of ecological tolerance of this species makes it often the host, reservoir and vector of many pathogens: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fleas community and intestinal tapeworms of A. agrarius in suburban environment of Lublin (eastern Poland). In studied population three species of Siphonaptera class i.e. Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Hystrichopsylla talpae and one intestine Cestoda species Hymenolepis diminuta were identified. The results of our researches confirmed role of A. agrarius as the reservoir for tapeworms and host for fleas in urban environment. High level of the prevalence of fleas and tapeworms in rodents indicates the significant degree of contamination and can cause an epidemiological threat for human’s health.

Vegetation of stressed calcareous screes and slopes in Sverdrup Pass, Ellesmere Island, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Maycock ◽  
Dianne Fahselt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mountain Systems

Although calcareous erosional mountain systems such as those in central Ellesmere Island constitute extremely limiting environments and are sometimes even considered to be totally unvegetated, quantitative analysis of vegetation revealed 156 species, 81 of which were lichens. Although cryptogams of such depauperate landscapes in the Canadian High Arctic have often been overlooked in vegetational studies, it was found that lichens serve as reliable ecological markers, and under the most limiting conditions, 11 species occurred as major dominants. The system also supported 37 bryophytes that in poor sites were dwarfed and sterile but that served as dominants under somewhat better conditions. Thirty-eight species of vascular plants were found, 7 of which were major dominants in less limiting environments. A wide range of both environmental factors and plant communities were found under the marginal conditions of the cliff, slope, and scree system. Key words: vegetation, lichens. High Arctic, polar desert, semipolar desert.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

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