scholarly journals Some aspects of Scots pine forests monitoring in extreme conditions of the Kola North

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Vasily Trofimovich Yarmishko ◽  
Oksana Vasilievna Ignateva ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Aerotechnogenic Pollution ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Individual Trees

Forest ecosystems located at the Northern limit of distribution in the Kola North are chronically affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors, among which industrial atmospheric pollution is currently the main one. The spatio-temporal dynamics of structural and functional parameters of undisturbed middle-aged pine forests ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and forests exposed to chronic industrial emissions, which contain highly aggressive sulfur compounds in combination with heavy metals (Cu, Ni) was studied. Long-term studies have established that the current trends in the state of Scots pine communities in the background conditions are due to natural processes and intra-population relationships. At the beginning of our research (1982) vitalitetnye spectra of the dominant part of the pine populations differed absolute dominance of healthy individuals, pronounced positive asymmetry and peaked. By the end of observations (2014-2017) vitality distribution of individuals of the pine was transformed into full member, assymetrique moderately positive and moderately peaked. Aerotechnogenic pollution in the considered conditions of the Kola North is a significant factor determining the vital state of individual trees and stands in general, and near a large copper-nickel plant, it is the main factor that has an oppressive effect on individual trees and stands, and in some cases leads to the destruction of young communities of Scots pine. A significant reduction in atmospheric emissions by Severonikel in recent years causes a noticeable improvement in the living condition of pine forests, even in the area of heavy pollution.

scholarly journals Changes in the Essential Oil Composition in the Needles of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) Under Anthropogenic Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Judzentiene ◽  
Aida Stikliene ◽  
Eugenija Kupcinskiene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Pine Stands

Unfavorable anthropogenic factors, such as air pollution, lead to biochemical responses in trees. Changes in the amounts of secondary metabolites may be early indicators of invisible injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition of the essential oils in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) growing in the areas affected by pollutant emissions of main factories in Lithuania: a nitrogen fertilizer factory (NFF), a cement factory (CF), and an oil refinery (OR). Totally, 14 pine stands were examined along transects from the factories (July 2005). Volatile components of the needles were extracted and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Over 70 components of the essential oils were identified in current-year and 1-year-old needles.Along the CF transect for current-year needles, the percentage of diterpenes was decreasing with the increasing pH of the pine bark (r = -0.582;p< 0.05) or with the increasing concentration of SO2(r = -0.573;p< 0.05); for 1-year-old needles, the percentage of diterpenes was decreasing with the increasing pH of the bark (r = -0.534; p < 0.05). Along the OR transect, in both the current-year and 1-year-old needles, the percentage of diterpenes was decreasing with the increasing SO2(respectively, r = -0.773;p< 0.01; r = -0.486;p< 0.05); an opposite relation was true for sesquiterpenes (respectively, r = -0.751;p< 0.01; r = 0.785;p< 0.01). The view was different along the NFF transect. For current-year needles, the percentage of monoterpenes was decreasing with the increasing NH3(r = -0.669;p< 0.01); while the percentage of sesquiterpenes or oxysesquiterpenes was increasing with the increasing NH3(respectively, r = 0.540;p< 0.05 and r = 0.688;p< 0.01). For each transect, cluster analysis of the percentages of components of essential oils in the needles allowed us to distinguish the most contrasting stands according to the concentration of air pollutants. Current-year needles were more effective as indicators of the effects of pollution than 1-year-old needles in the case of the NFF and the OR transects, and both-aged needles were equally valuable in the case of the CF transect. The changes detected in the proportions of components of the essential oils in the needles of the trees affected by the industrial emissions may play a significant role in modifying the susceptibility of the pine stands to the biotic factors, and also may alter emissions of terpenes from the stands to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in North-West Algeria using remote sensing data

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Si Tayeb Tayeb ◽  
Benabdeli Kheloufi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Land cover change is the result of complex interactions between social and environmental systems which change over time. While climatic and biophysics phenomena were for a long time the principal factor of land transformations, human activities are today the origin of the major part of land transformation which affects natural ecosystems. Quantification of natural and anthropogenic impacts on vegetation cover is often hampered by logistical issues, including (1) the difficulty of systematically monitoring the effects over large areas and (2) the lack of comparison sites needed to evaluate the effect of the factors. The effective procedure for measuring the degree of environmental change due to natural factors and human activities is the multitemporal study of vegetation cover. For this purpose, the aim of this work is the analysis of the evolution of land cover using remote sensing techniques, in order to better understand the respective role of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling this evolution. A spatio-temporal land cover dynamics study on a regional scale in Oranie, using Landsat data for two periods (1984–2000) and (2000–2011) was conducted. The images of the vegetation index were classified into three classes based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and analysed using image difference approach. The result shows that the vegetation cover was changed. An intensive regression of the woody vegetation and forest land resulted in -22.5% of the area being lost between 1984 and 2000, 1,271 km2 was converted into scrub formations and 306 km2 into bare soil. On the other hand, this class increased by around 45% between 2000 and 2011, these evolutions resulting from the development of scrub groups with an area of 1,875.7 km2.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius in the Gulf of Alaska: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McGowan ◽  
ED Goldstein ◽  
ML Arimitsu ◽  
AL Deary ◽  
O Ormseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius are planktivorous small pelagic fish that serve an intermediate trophic role in marine food webs. Due to the lack of a directed fishery or monitoring of capelin in the Northeast Pacific, limited information is available on their distribution and abundance, and how spatio-temporal fluctuations in capelin density affect their availability as prey. To provide information on life history, spatial patterns, and population dynamics of capelin in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we modeled distributions of spawning habitat and larval dispersal, and synthesized spatially indexed data from multiple independent sources from 1996 to 2016. Potential capelin spawning areas were broadly distributed across the GOA. Models of larval drift show the GOA’s advective circulation patterns disperse capelin larvae over the continental shelf and upper slope, indicating potential connections between spawning areas and observed offshore distributions that are influenced by the location and timing of spawning. Spatial overlap in composite distributions of larval and age-1+ fish was used to identify core areas where capelin consistently occur and concentrate. Capelin primarily occupy shelf waters near the Kodiak Archipelago, and are patchily distributed across the GOA shelf and inshore waters. Interannual variations in abundance along with spatio-temporal differences in density indicate that the availability of capelin to predators and monitoring surveys is highly variable in the GOA. We demonstrate that the limitations of individual data series can be compensated for by integrating multiple data sources to monitor fluctuations in distributions and abundance trends of an ecologically important species across a large marine ecosystem.

Baumartenwechsel in den Walliser Waldföhrenwäldern verstärkt nach grossen Störungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wohlgemuth ◽  
Violette Doublet ◽  
Cynthia Nussbaumer ◽  
Linda Feichtinger ◽  
Andreas Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vegetation Shift ◽  
Tree Demography ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
High Share

Vegetation shift in Scots pine forests in the Valais accelerated by large disturbances In the past dozen years, several studies have concluded a vegetation shift from Scots pine to oak (pubescent and sessile) forests in the low elevated zones of the Valais. It is, however, not fully clear in which way such a vegetation shift actually occurs and on which processes such a shift would be based. Two studies, one on the tree demography in the intact Pfynwald and the other on the tree regeneration on the large Leuk forest fire patch, serve to discuss different aspects of the shift from Scots pine to oak. The forest stands of Pfynwald consist of 67% Scots pines and 14% oaks. Regenerating trees are 2–3.5 times more frequent in small gaps than under canopy. In gaps of the Upper Pfynwald, seedlings and saplings of Scots pine are three times more abundant than oaks, while both species regenerate in similar quantities under canopy. In the Lower Pfynwald, young oaks – especially seedlings – are more frequent than Scots pines. A different process is going on at the lower part in the Leuk forest fire patch where Scots pines prevailed before the burn of 2003. While Scots pines regenerate exclusively close to the edge of the intact forest, oaks not only resprout from trunk but also profit from unlimited spreading of their seeds by the Eurasian jay. Regeneration from seeds are hence observed in the whole studied area, independent of the proximity of seed trees. After the large fire disturbance, a mixed forests with a high share of oaks is establishing, which translates to a rapid vegetation shift. The two trajectories are discussed in the light of climate change.

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