scholarly journals Assessment of the integrated reaction of onions of different types for the action of xenobiotics for use in ecological-genetic monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Saksonov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Response ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Test Objects

The influence of many anthropogenic xenobiotics constantly falling into natural ecosystems is poorly understood, so laboratory experiments are needed to understand the consequences of such actions. It is especially important to study this effect on plants that are unable to avoid uncomfortable conditions. It is necessary to use a variety of test objects and screening tests that give an integral assessment of biological responses. Such tests include the Allium -test, which allows to evaluate toxicity at both the organismic and cellular levels, as well as mutagenicity of xenobiotics. We analyzed the response of three species of the genus Allium ( Allium cepa, Allium ramosum, Allium fistulosum ) to exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole in extremely low concentrations. This heterocyclic compound is widely used in industry as a light stabilizer for polymers and as an anti-corrosion agent protecting various metals and alloys. The biological activity of two concentrations (0,0001; 0,001 mg/ml) was studied. The solvent was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. Allium test was used to analyze a biological response of the selected onions. The duration of the experiment was 5 days. The effect of benzotriazole stimulated growth processes in A. cepa and A. ramosum in the lowest concentration and inhibited growth processes in a higher dose compared to the control. Benzotriazole had a stimulating effect on A. fistulosum in both of the concentrations studied, however, the stimulating effect in a high concentration was less pronounced. The solution in low concentration stimulates the proliferative activity in the cells of the root meristem of all species. However, cells of A. cepa and A. ramosum meristem are not sensitive to the action of a higher concentration of benzotriazole solution, unlike A. fistulosum , in which cell division is inhibited in comparison with the control. It was found that A. fistulosum , in which benzotriazole causes a block at the anaphase stage in both concentrations studied, is the most sensitive to the mitosis-modifying action of benzotriazole. In the other two species, only exposure to benzotriazole in high concentration led to inhibition of mitosis at the prophase stage. A. ramosum is resistant to the genotoxicity of model xenobiotics, and A. cepa is highly sensitive to benzotriazole mutagenicity. The paper discusses the relationship between the adaptive capabilities of a species and its resistance to anthropogenic xenobiotics, as well as the use of tolerant species as test objects for ecological genetic monitoring.

scholarly journals The assessment of the environmental hazard of isomers of 1,2,4-triazole phenolic derivatives for natural ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva ◽  
Zoya Petrovna Belousova ◽  
Robert Olegovich Artyukov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Para Position ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Ortho Isomer ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Integral Assessment

Its necessary to synthesize homologues of compounds frequently used in practice and to analyze their biological activity in laboratory experiments using screening tests that provide an integral assessment of biological responses to assess the effect of anthropogenic xenobiotics with different structures on ecosystems adjacent to agricultural complexes. We analyzed alcohol solutions of 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazolyl-methyl)phenol (ortho-isomer) and 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazolyl-methyl)phenol (para-isomer) in three concentrations: 0,0001; 0,001; 0.01 mg/ml using the Allium-test. The solvent was 0,1% isopropyl alcohol; the test object was Allium fistulosum L. The duration of the experiment was 5 days. Triazolide solutions significantly inhibited seed germination at all investigated concentrations. However, no significant differences were found between the isomers and the studied concentrations. Both isomers inhibited root growth at all concentrations tested. The toxicity of a triazolide containing an OH group in the para-position didnt change over the selected concentration range. For its ortho-isomer, toxicity increased with increasing concentration, reaching the toxicity of its homologue at a dose of 0,01 mg/ml. Both tested compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of meristem cells as compared to the control. At the same time, no differences were observed in the effect of homologues with the OH-group in the para- and ortho-position on the value of the mitotic index. However, we found a paradoxical reaction: both homologues showed maximum cytotoxicity at a minimum concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml, and cytotoxicity decreased with increasing concentration compared to control. A triazolid containing an OH group in the para-position caused a block at the metaphase and anaphase stages at the lowest concentration. The specificity of its action disappeared with an increase in concentration, which was expressed in a general prophase and metaphase block. Its ortho-isomer inhibited cell division at all concentrations at the prophase stage. Both compounds are mutagenic. The number of chromosomal aberrations depended on both the structure of the compounds and their concentration. The para-homologue is less mutagenic than ortho. In the ortho-homologue, mutagenicity decreased slightly with increasing concentration. The highest mutagenicity was found for the ortho-homologue at its lowest concentration. The paper discusses possible mechanisms of action of isomers and their negative impact on plant organisms in ecosystems.

scholarly journals Bioremoval of hazardous cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper and cadmium compounds from contaminated soil by Nicotiana tabacum plants and associated microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
О. A. Havryliuk ◽  
V. M. Hovorukha ◽  
A. V. Sachko ◽  
G. V. Gladka ◽  
I. O. Bida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration

Contamination of soils with heavy metals leads to reduction of soil fertility, destruction of natural ecosystems and detrimental effects on the health of society by increasing content of metals in the food chains from microorganisms to plants, animals and humans. Bioremediation is one of the most promising and cost-effective methods of cleaning soils polluted with toxic metals. According to current researchers, microorganisms and plants have the genetic potential to remove toxic metals from contaminated sites. The method of thermodynamic prediction was used to theoretically substantiate the mechanisms of interaction of soil microorganisms and plants with heavy metals. According to the our prediction, exometabolite chelators of anaerobic microorganisms may increase the mobility of metals and thereby contribute to the active transport of metals and their accumulation in plants. Plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. of Djubek cultivar were used as plant material for the current investigation. The examined toxicants were heavy metals, namely cobalt (II), nickel (II), chromium (VI), copper (II) and cadmium (II). The aqueous solutions of metal salts were added to the boxes after two months of plants growing to the final super-high concentration – 500 mg/kg of absolutely dry weight of soil. Quantitative assessments of copper and chromium-resistant microorganisms were made by cultivation on agar nutrient medium NA with a gradient of Cu(II) and Cr(VI). The concentration of metals in soil and plant material (leaves, stems and roots) was determined by atomic absorption method. The study revealed that heavy metals inhibited the growth of the examined tobacco plants. This was expressed by the necrosis of plant tissues and, ultimately, their complete death. Despite this, all investigated heavy metals were accumulated in plant tissues during 3–7 days before death of plants. The uptake of metals was observed in all parts of plants – leaves, stems and roots. The highest concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI) were found in the leaves, Cu(II) – in the roots. The results show that the bioremoval efficiency of the investigated metals ranged 0.60–3.65%. Given the super-high initial concentration of each of the metals (500 mg/kg), the determined removal efficiency was also high. Cadmium was the most toxic to plants. Thus, the basic points of the thermodynamic prognosis of the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals by phytomicrobial consortium were experimentally confirmed on the example of N. tabacum plants and metal-resistant microorganisms. The study demonstrated that despite the high initial metals concentration, rate of damage and death of plants, metals are accumulated inplant tissues in extremely hight concentrations. Soil microorganisms were observed to have high adaptation potencial to Cu(II) and Cr(VI). In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms presumably mobilize heavy metals, which later are absorbed by plants. The obtained results are the basis for the development of environmental biotechnologies for cleaning contaminated soils from heavy metal compounds.

scholarly journals Myocarditis in yound athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674
Author(s):  
E A Degtyareva ◽  
M G Kantemirova ◽  
O I Zhdanova ◽  
O N Trosheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. Development of informative differential diagnostic criteria of inflammatory myocardial involvement in young athletes. Methods. A total of 163 athletes (swimmers, football players and sailing athletes) aged 9 to 24 years (mean age 14.74±0,23 years, SD=3.03) were examined. Complete clinical and functional examination was performed. Remodeling of the left ventricle was studied in accordance with R. Devereux (1992) and B. Maron (2005) echocardiographic criteria. Myocardial morphometry results were compared with immunobiochemical markers of myocardial damage and titer of antimyocardial antibodies to the endothelium, cardiac conduction system, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle. Results. In 10 out of 40 athletes with echocardiographic signs of pathological remodeling of the left ventricle, the indicators of myocardial damage used as immunobiochemical screening tests, were increased, high titers of antimyocardial antibodies (more than 1:160), arrhythmias, sever conduction disorders, and high concentrations of infectious risk factors were revealed, allowing to diagnose subacute myocarditis. Conclusion. Subacute myocarditis should be excluded in athletes with echocardiographic signs of left ventricular myocardial remodeling and a high concentration of «infectious» risk factors based on immunobiochemical markers of myocardial damage and antimyocardial antibodies titer.

scholarly journals The influence of germination temperature and ultra-low doses of benzotriazole on morpho-physiological parameters of onions of different species in model experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva ◽  
Maria Olegovna Gryaznova
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The adaptation of plants is manifested in the preservation of their physiological functions when exposed to various extreme environmental factors. In model experiments, we examined the influence of the combined action of such factors as alcohol solutions of benzotriazole in low concentrations (0,00001; 0,0001; 0,001 mg/ml) and contrasting positive temperatures (+12C and +22C) on germinating ability and growth processes of three species of onions ( Allium sulphur , Allium fistulosum and Allium schoenoprasum ) differing in various adaptive capabilities. It was found that, regardless of the germination temperature, with an increase in the concentration of benzotriazole solutions in a selected concentration range, stimulation of seed germination is observed for all studied species compared to the control. Benzotriazole had the maximum stimulating effect at a concentration of 0,001 mg/ml when germinating seeds at a temperature of +12C. The effect on growth processes was determined by the average length of the roots of onions on the fifth day of growth. It was found that the length of the roots of onions of all studied species when germinating in benzotriazole solutions at a temperature of +12C does not significantly differ from that in the control. When germinating seeds at +22C, the root length of only two species ( Allium cepa , Allium fistulosum ) was higher than in the control. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon are discussed.

scholarly journals Monitoring of heavy metal contamination of soil and plants (for example, Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.) of natural ecosystems in Chita urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Galina Yurievna Samoilenko ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
Igor Anatolyevich Boriskin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The paper presents data on the content of gross and mobile forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the soils of Chita and its surroundings. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the accumulation (Kn) and movement (KP) coefficients of these microelements in organs ( Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.), relative to their gross content and mobile forms in soils. The authors have revealed that soil samples of the studied sites contain unequal gross amount of heavy metals. In some points (6 and 3) the content of cadmium and zinc exceeded the Mac, that is why such soils have been attributed to heavily polluted. The index of biological activity on mobile forms of heavy metals in all sites significantly exceeded the same index on gross forms. It was found that Potentilla tanacetifolia are accumulators of heavy metal ions. Aboveground bodies accumulate and absorb cadmium and copper especially intensively, thus the content of mobile forms of these metals in the soil is insignificant. Excessive adsorption of trace elements in the phytomass of plants can be connected with surface contamination. According to the content of zinc and lead, the accumulation values in the organs of P. tanacetifolia were characterized by small coefficient values, against the background of their high concentration in the soil.

scholarly journals Radioecological regularities of plutonium alpha-radionuclides redistribution in the Black Sea ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Tereshchenko ◽  
S. B. Gulin ◽  
V. Yu. Proskurnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Radiochemical Analysis ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration

The work is devoted to the study of radioecological processes of redistribution of plutonium alpha-radionuclides (239+240Pu) as the main man-maid dose-forming alpha-radionuclides during the period after Chernobyl NPP accident. 239+240Pu are long-lived radioisotopes, the content of which is increasing in natural ecosystems from incident to incident. Radiotoxicity of these radionuclides is high, and we need science-based approaches of assessment and forecast of radioecological condition of the basins being at risk of a radioactive re-contamination, such as the Black Sea as an inland sea located at region close to developed countries using nuclear technologies. The study was performed with modern advanced techniques, the main of them were radiochemical analysis, alpha-spectrometry and radiotracer technologies. As a result of investigation the radiological regularities of plutonium behavior in the Black Sea ecosystem during the post-Chernobyl period were revealed. Quantitative parameters of plutonium migration in the sea were determined: sedimentation rates at different areas of the sea, the 239+240Pu effective half-lives in surface water, the 239+240Pu radiocapacity factor for bottom sediment, the 239+240Pu fluxes, levels of 239+240Pu in the ecosystem components, and the 239+240Pu accumulation factors for biotic and abiotic components. The features of the biogeochemical behavior of plutonium in the Black Sea ecosystem were identified and the conditions and processes causing them were indicated. The increased ability of the Black Sea surface water to self-purification against 239+240Pu, short residence time of plutonium in surface waters, the relatively high rapid of plutonium accumulation in the bottom sediment due to biogeochemical sedimentation of it, the high concentration ability of silt sediment against 239+240Pu and the type of biogeochemical behavior of plutonium in the Black Sea ecosystem has been observed.

scholarly journals Review on the Bioactivities of Quercetin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Shabana ◽  
R. C. Jaysree ◽  
Rajendran . N
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration

Quercetin, the most active bioflavonoid which is produced as a secondary metabolite by plants, is a polyphenol with a wide spectrum of bioactivities. This bioflavonoid is the ―nature‘s biological response modifier‖ as it interferes with the various allergens and other reactive compounds. Apple, oranges, tomatoes, onions, black tea and green tea are good sources of quercetin and it is also available commercially. After absorption in the small intestine and colon, quercetin conjugates with glucuronic acid and binds to albumin and passes to liver and benefits the body by its various bioactivities. Quercetin‘s antioxidant activity enhances the radical scavenging activity and metal chelation of the ions but the prooxidant activity depends on its high concentration. Further, quercetin interferes with the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid showing its anti-inflammatory effect. A combined effect of quercetin and bromelain effectively suppresses the allergic reactions and the excessive inflammation resulting from bruising and tissue damage. The mutualistic effect of vitamin C and quercetin protects each other from getting oxidized. A direct relationship was also found to exist between quercetin's antiviral activity and enhancement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is a second messenger involved in many biological processes. Quercetin helps in down regulation of mutant gene p53 and inhibits the growth of cancerous cells by putting a check at G1 phase. This also controls the surpassing of the normal regulatory growth by the tumor cells and inhibits the production of heat shock proteins and thus showing its anticancer properties. Owing to the potential pharmaceutical properties of quercetin, the bioactivities, principle uses and mechanisms involved in the treatment of various diseases were reviewed in this paper. In addition, safety issues involved in the partake of quercetin by humans have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of benzotriazole influence on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Allium fistulosum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Test Objects

The increase in anthropogenic pressure has led to the need for model experiments to assess the ability of organisms to adapt to xenobiotics. The study of negative effects is usually carried out in laboratories using animals as test objects, while it is more interesting to study tolerance and adaptive capabilities in plant organisms, because, unlike animals, they are not able to leave an area uncomfortable for existence. In order to obtain an objective response in experiments, it is necessary to choose test objects related to species that are ubiquitous in ecosystems, and xenobiotics that are widely used and able to enter the environment. Allium fistulosum L. was used in model experiments and was affected by benzotriazole to study the possibility of developing an adaptive response in plants to anthropogenic pollutants. Plants were preadapted to a toxic dose of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml, by exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml or 0,001 mg/ml, and the time of preliminary exposure varied from 1 day to 4 days, then test objects germinated in a solution of high concentration. There were three controls, where the seeds were germinated for five days in all three used concentrations of benzotriazole, as well as in a solvent, which was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. The possibility of adaptive response was assessed using two morphophysiological indicators, these were the germination of seeds and the average root length on the fifth day of the experiment. Experiments have shown that a solution of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml inhibits seeds germination and roots growth compared with the control (germination in 0,5% isopropyl alcohol), while at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml it stimulates. Exposure to low concentrations reliably creates a preadaptation to the toxic dose, but the responses significantly differ in effectiveness depending on the duration of preadaptation and the concentration of the substance. The greatest effect on the toxic effect of benzotriazole is created by preadaptation in low concentrations over 3 days. Possible preadaptation mechanisms are discussed.

Characteristics of primary production in a eutrophicated bay

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakashima ◽  
I.-C. Lee ◽  
T. Kusuda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Study Characteristics

The primary production of phytoplanktons provides organic matter in high concentration in eutrophicated Hakata bay in Japan, even during the winter season in spite of low water temperature. Phytoplanktons may have the biological capabilities to maintain activities of photosynthesis under unfavorable conditions, and these capabilities affect water quality in the bays. In this study, characteristics of primary production were analyzed with a simple box-type ecosystem model. We introduced a concept of efficiency for absorption of sunlight energy to our simulation model of water quality to explain rather high growth rates of phytoplanktons in low sunlight intensity. Through simulation with a box model, we found that the efficiency of primary production in winter is higher than that in summer. It was suggested that the organic pollution comes from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) throughout the year and that the DOC is originated from the primary production of phytoplanktons in biological response of the seasonal change of ambient conditions.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

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