scholarly journals Adaptations of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758) to urban environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Tatyana Borisovna Korotkova ◽  
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Poddubnaya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Hooded Crow ◽  
Corvus Cornix ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Hooded Crows

The crow birds are an inalienable component of anthropogenic ecosystems and the most successful species is the hooded crow. The success of a species depends on the conformity of a speed of adaptation process to the change rate in the environment. Organisms, adapting to the new environmental parameters in the city, demonstrate adaptive mechanisms, and can be a model for studying the evolutionary process. The process of urbanization of the hooded crow continues at present in many parts of its range, but the causes and mechanisms of these processes are not fully understood. The tasks of our research included finding out the directions and rates of the hooded crow adaptations to the changing urban environment. The research was conducted in 1997-2018. In Cherepovets, the hooded crow began to adapt to the urban environment in the late 1950s. The fastest rate of adaptations of the species was observed in the last decade. The main adaptive processes of the hooded crow in the urban system were the following: 1) territorial changes - occur at different rates, following changes in the urban development of residential buildings and in the age composition of trees, as well as changes in the culture of household waste collection service; 2) changes in the habitats of the hooded crow - are the increase in the tree species used for nesting and changes in the height of the nests, and occur during the last 15 years; 3) changes in seasonal life - in Cherepovets, hooded crows begin breeding 2 weeks earlier than in the vicinity; 4) changes in trophic links - increasing the proportion of anthropogenic feed in the diet of hooded crows as Cherepovets develops; 5) ethological changes - hooded crows became less careful at the end of the 1990s and have learned the skills of extracting food from different packages, cleaning contaminated food and dry food maceration.

scholarly journals Nest-site preference of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix L.) in Debrecen, Hungary

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
László Kövér ◽  
Lajos Juhász ◽  
Péter Gyüre
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Hooded Crow ◽  
Corvus Cornix ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
The Given

In the past decade, the population of the Hooded Crow has shown significant growth in Debrecen, Hungary. The aim of this study was to become acquainted with the nest-site selection behavior of Hooded Crows in urban spaces. While our research revealed that the Hooded Crow is not particular when it comes to selecting among tree species for nesting, we did notice differences regarding nesting height. Hooded Crows living in the city build their nests higher up than those living outside Debrecen’s city limits. We also discovered a slight, insignificant difference between nesting heights and tree species, which is probably due to the different characteristics of the given tree species. As for nesting heights, we found that in typical urban habitats there were no relevant differences. However, when we compared these habitats in pairs, it came to light that nesting heights -when comparing solitary trees - wood segments and tree rows - wooded segments- did show significant differences, which can be explained by the various conditions provided by the habitats mentioned.In summary, the following results emerged from our research:1. The Hooded Crow prefers approximately the same nesting heights in all kinds of habitats, urban environment and tree species.2. The nesting height does not significantly depend on the habitat itself or on the tree species.

scholarly journals Nest-site selection of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) in urban environment

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
László Kövér ◽  
Lajos Juhász ◽  
Péter Gyüre
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corvus Cornix ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
The Given

In the past decade Hooded Crows showed a significant growth in Debrecen. The aim of this study was to become acquainted with Hooded Crows nest-site selection in urban circumstances. The research revealed that Hooded Crows are not choosy when it comes to selecting the species of the trees, but we noticed differences regarding nesting height - Hooded Crows living in the city build their nests in higher regions than those living in places outside Debrecen. We discovered a significant difference between nesting heights and the tree species, which is probably due to the different characteristics shown by the given tree species. As for nesting heights, we found that in typical urban habitats there were no relevant differences shown. Samet the situation, when we compared these habitats in pairs, it came to light that nesting heights - when comparing lonely trees - wood segments and tree raws – wood segments - did not show significant differences too, which can be explained by the various conditions provided by the habitats mentioned.To sum up, during our research the following results emerged:1. Hooded Crows prefer approximately the same nesting heights in all kinds of habitats, urban environment and tree species.2. Nesting height depends on the tree species but independent from habitat.

scholarly journals How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Youcef Bouzidi ◽  
Zoubayre El Akili ◽  
Antoine Gademer ◽  
Nacef Tazi ◽  
Adil Chahboun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.

Evaluating the Capability of Mirror Self-Recognition in Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 836-843
Author(s):  
A. A. Smirnova ◽  
Yu. A. Kalashnikova ◽  
M. V. Samuleeva ◽  
Z. A. Zorina
Keyword(s):  
Self Recognition ◽  
Corvus Cornix ◽  
Hooded Crows

scholarly journals LIFESTYLE, ARCHITECTURE AND QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Viktor P. GENERALOV ◽  
Elena M. GENERALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Compact City ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The study reveals the aspects that defi ne the concept of “lifestyle”, including the main categories: standard of living, lifestyle, quality of life and lifestyle. Insuffi cient knowledge of the mutual infl uence of people’s “lifestyle” on the typological structure of apartments and residential buildings, on the quality of the urban environment is emphasized. The infl uence of the level of urbanization of the city territory on the characteristics of the “urban lifestyle” is considered. Problematic issues are raised related to the debate on the relationship between building density and comfort and the quality index of the living environment. The main directions of fundamental research in the fi eld of architecture, aimed at the development of new types of buildings, are touched upon. The emphasis is made on the methods of using high-rise buildings for the humanization of the urban environment and the formation of a modern “compact city”.

scholarly journals Consequences of Promoting Less-Populated Rural Areas to Urban Areas: A Case Study, Bushehr Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Ali Bastin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences

The modified law of Iranian Administrative divisions has greatly altered the pattern of settlement in recent decades. The promotion of rural areas to urban areas has shifted from mere population standard to combined population-administrative standards. However, all censuses suggest that many rural areas reported as smaller than the minimum population standard have been promoted to urban areas. In the last two decades, this is a clearly prominent phenomenon in the urban system of Iran. This paper evaluates the effects and consequences of promoting small and sparsely populated rural areas to urban areas in the Bushehr province. The used methodology is analytic-descriptive using a questionnaire distributed among 380 members of the target population. Data analysis is conducted in physical, economic, social and urban servicing domains using one-sample T-test and the utility range. The results show that promotion of rural areas to urban areas has positive outcomes such as improved waste disposal system, improved quality of residential buildings, increased monitoring of the construction, increased income, prevented migration and improved health services. However, the results of utility range show that the negative consequences of this policy are more than its positive outcomes, which have been studied in detail.

scholarly journals Formation of classes of urban environment areas for their renovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Matreninskiy ◽  
Valeriy Mischenko ◽  
V. Chertov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Sustainable Planning

The article considers the classification of both compact built-up development areas of cities and populated localities, and the objects included into the scope of these territories: buildings, urban structures, utilities, etc. At the 1st stage, we suggest to form clusters out of the urban environment areas, and also property items located on the territories considered with the following uniform characteristics used: depreciation, obsolescence, level of technical comfort of territories and objects determined as per the special methodological procedure. At the 2nd stage, we suggest to group the separate construction objects located at the territories considered: residential buildings, utilities, etc. into clusters based on space-planning, engineering, structural and other one-type characteristics. The set of territorial clusters, which are formed based on a number of uniform characteristics, will make it possible to assure sustainable planning of retrofitting and renovation of urban environment areas by using standard organizational and management solutions, construction machines, repair and reconstruction methods for uniform clusters.

scholarly journals Indoor Temperature Validation of Low-Income Detached Dwellings under Tropical Weather Conditions

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alexis Barrientos-González ◽  
Ricardo E. Vega-Azamar ◽  
Julio C. Cruz-Argüello ◽  
Norma A. Oropeza-García ◽  
Maritza Chan-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Indoor Temperature

Urban territorial expansion generated in the last decades has brought a series of consequences, such as the variation between urban and suburban weather conditions affecting indoor temperature and increasing electricity consumption derived from the use of cooling systems. Current approaches of simulation models in residential buildings use indoor environmental data for carrying out validations to propose hygrothermal comfort alternatives for the mitigation of the effects of the external environmental conditions on the interior spaces of dwellings. In this work, an hourly evaluation of both indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of two case studies in a tropical climate was carried out, by means of a whole-building simulation approach tool during a week representative of the warmest period of the year. The integration of the collected environmental data in the theoretical model allowed us to reduce the error range of the estimated indoor temperature with results in normalized mean bias error between 7.10% and −0.74% and in coefficient of variation of the root mean square error between 16.72% and 2.62%, in the different indoor zones of the case studies. At the same time, the energy assessment showed a difference of 33% in Case 1 and −217% in Case 2 for final electricity consumption.

Evaluation of an indoor environmental quality model for very small residential units

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Wai Mui ◽  
Tsz Wun Tsang ◽  
Ling Tim Wong ◽  
Yuen Ping William Yu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The One

This study investigates the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) responses from occupants living in very small residential units that are unique to Hong Kong. Through the changes in environmental parameters, including thermal, indoor air quality, visual and aural, the study demonstrates that the overall IEQ acceptance in these units is different from the one in general residential building environments. Results show that occupants of these units are more sensitive to warmth and operative temperature change as compared to occupants of general residential buildings. A small variation of thermal acceptance suggests that the small unit occupants have already developed certain degree of tolerance to hot conditions. The adaptation to the reality of a hot environment is also reflected in the overall IEQ acceptance. It is believed that very small space residents have developed tolerance and adaptation to an unchangeable reality, changing environmental conditions does not necessarily alter their acceptance of individual IEQ aspects and overall IEQ.

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