Historical transformation of cities originality of Samara province in the second half of the XIX century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Julia Vasilievna Korneeva

The problem of historical cities formation is very relevant in recent years. The second half of the XIX century is a period of reforms in the Russian history, when many values were rethought. This historical period was a period of industrialization and urbanization, when a provincial city got its new development and prosperity. This paper is devoted to the historical development and transformation of the Samara province city in the second half of the XIX century. Every city of the Samara province passed a unique way of development during the study period and contributed to the development of the originality region. Both sides characterize the originality of the cities: economic and social. Economic uniqueness of the Samara province cities in the second half of the century was reflected in such indicators as: industrial production and development of trade relations (in the province there was a variety of places and forms of trade: fair, railway station and harbor). A social component of the originality of the region county town was made of the population characteristics: the number, class hierarchy, the mentality. Each element formed the uniqueness of the county towns as well as created a common image of industrial Russia.

Author(s):  
Christel Lane

This largely descriptive chapter introduces the reader to the specific features and functions of each type of hostelry and provides a broad-brush picture of their historical development, activities, ways they influenced each other, and importance in their role in out-of-home consumption of food, drink, and sociality. It outlines their social, economic, and political functions, and places them in their societal context. The pub was always the lowest in the social hierarchy among the three. Yet, it has been the longest survivor and has gradually taken over some of the functions formerly performed by inns and taverns. Inns and taverns, however, persist in the British social imagination and, where their buildings have survived, they lend distinction to a village or part of town. Both continuities and changes over time, as well as some overlap between the three hostelries, are described using examples of places and personalities.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilii Sakovici ◽  

The article examines the difficulties of forming ethnic identity among Belarusians through their historical past. Identification features characteristic of Belarusians are highlighted: hard work, thrift, scrupulousness, perseverance, high morality, self-esteem, peacefulness, etc. The author considers such a feature as religious tolerance, or religious tolerance, which was formed over a long historical period, as ethnospecific. In conclusion, it is stablished that the process of formation of the ethnic identity of Belarusians was influenced by natural-historical conditions and inclusion in foreign ethnic state formations. It is noted that the process of formation of the Belarusian ethnic identity did not have the character of a deliberate construction of any predetermined properties and qualities. It crystallized from the values formed in the process of the historical development of the Belarusian nation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I. V. Ganusenko ◽  

Consideration in the scientific article The question of the relationship of the regulatory terminology used as the official name of the Russian state is due to the problem of the absence of a single scientific approach in determining its semantic content and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the name of the state “Russian Empire”. The features of the rulemaking practice on the official consolidation of the name of the state with the simultaneous use of regulatory terms “Russia”, “Russian Empire”, “Empire” and “Russian State”, having an equivalent semantic value in the name of the same state that operated in the specific historical period of its development. Allocated the generals patterns of the applied context of said terminology in regulatory legal acts of various sectoral affiliation. It was concluded that there is no synonymous properties and the difference in the context of the contents of the second half of the XIX century the terms “Russia” and “Russian Empire”, which are used by the domestic legislator, which is used depending on the type and subject of regulated public relations.


Author(s):  
Татьяна Александровна Лозгачева

Рассмотрены прогрессивные педагогические идеи педагога и общественного деятеля конца XIX века Николая Федоровича Бунакова. Изложена его концепция по развитию образования для крестьян. Выделены противоречия для её реализации в данный исторический период. Отмечены причины конфликта Н.Ф. Бунакова с земскими органами самоуправления. The progressive ideas of the teacher and public figure of the late XIX century Nikolai Fedorovich Bunakov are considered. His concept for the development of education for peasants is outlined. Contradictions for its implementation in this historical period are highlighted. The reasons for the conflict N.F. Bunakov with zemstvo self-government bodies.


InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Lilia Sargu ◽  
Yulia Valeeva

Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of the socio-economic life of the post-reform landowner economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of the contribution of A. N. Engelhardt to the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, how strong, in the opinion of local residents, is the role of the memorial source «Letters from the Village» in modern agronomy how they see the concept of «mining» in modern realities, is their definition similar to the definition of the second half of the 19th century. Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of socio-economic life of the post-reform landlord economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of AN’s contribution. Engelhardt in the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, as, according to local residents, a strong role of the source memoir «Letters from village» in modern agriculture, as they see the concept of «practicing» in the current situation, is similar whether their definition with the definition of second half of the XIX century.


Author(s):  
O. Mashevskyi

The chronological boundaries of the collective monograph cover a long historical period, which extends to the era of European Modernism and continues to the modern (current) history of European Postmodernism. The key thesis of the team of authors of the monograph is the idea of systemic belonging of Ukraine to European civilization as its component, which interacts with other parts of the system. The first chapter of the peer-reviewed collective monograph "European receptions of Ukraine in the XIX century" shows the reflection of the Ukrainian problem in the German-language literature of the first half of the XIX century, taking into account new archival document, the development of Ukraine’s relations with other Slavic peoples is traced, and the peculiarities of Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations are considered as a separate case study. An interesting paragraph of the collective monograph devoted to cultural, educational and scientific cooperation of Dnieper Ukraine with European countries. This information illustrates well how the Industrial Revolution radically changed the face of the planet, brought new scientific experience that gave room for the development of the capitalist system, and with them, the Industrial Revolution brought social problems, environmental disasters that still cannot be solved. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) formulated the "iron law of wages", according to which workers can receive only a living wage. The second chapter of the collective monograph "The Ukrainian Question and Ukraine in the European History of the Twentieth Century" presents an integrated narrative of Ukrainian national history in the light of the European history of the two world wars and their consequences. The First World War, or the Great War, undoubtedly became a turning point in European history and, accordingly, in the national histories of European countries. The historical experience of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to European development is covered in the paragraph of the collective monograph "Ukrainian Diplomatic Service 1917-1924". The vicissitudes of Stalin's industrialization and collectivization and their impact on the Ukrainian SSR's relations with European states in the 1920s and 1930s are highlighted in terms of continuity of ties with Europe. A separate regional example of the situation is covered on the example of the history of Transcarpathia on the eve of World War II. The third chapter of the collective monograph "Independent Ukraine in the European integration space" highlights the features of Ukraine's current positioning in Europe. After the collapse of the USSR, ideological obstacles to the development of globalization were overcome. The American political scientist F.Fukuyama in his work "The End of History" concluded the final victory of liberal ideology. This section of the peer-reviewed collective monograph also highlights the position of the international community on the Crimean referendum in 2014, analyzes the policy of Western European countries on the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict on the example of the policy of Germany, France and Austria. The research result is a separate model of reality, which is reproduced with the help of a certain perception and awareness of the historian. In this sense, the author's team of the monograph has achieved the goal of creating a meaningful narrative that highlights the place of Ukraine at different stages of modern and postmodern European history. From the point of view of the general perception of the narrative offered to the reader, the authors of the collective monograph managed to harmonize individual stylistic features in a conceptually unified text, the meanings of which will be interesting to both professional historians and students and the general readership.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Zebiniso A. Akhmedova ◽  

The article analyzes the culture of Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century. The social, economic, politicaland cultural life of Bukhara during the Mangit dynasty is revealed. Clarified trade and diplomatic relations between Bukhara and Russia.On the basis of the works of Ahmad Donish, the economic and political situation in Bukhara, as well as relations with neighboring countries, are studied. The author draws attention to the military-bureaucratic colonial system of tsarism in Turkestan and reveals the reasons for the emergence of ideas of national liberation in the country. Examples are used to analyze the life of Bukhara before and after the invasion of tsarism


Author(s):  
Constantinos Tsirogiannis ◽  
Christos Tsirogiannis

A network is a simple yet powerful tool for representing a set of relations in the real world. For instance, to represent direct business relations between several people, we can sketch a network where each person is represented by a node and any two people that have done business together are connected by a link. A naive analysis of this network gives a picture of the direct connections between individuals, that is, who has done business, in person, with whom. However, for several network applications it is important to observe more complicated structures, other than the direct connections between the nodes. An example comes from applications in trade networks, where goods are exchanged between several people. In this case, it is important to keep track of the paths that specific goods have traversed in a network; in other words, we want to know the exact sequence of nodes through which a specific item was exchanged. Unfortunately, in some studies of trade networks we may not always know the exact path that certain items followed in the network. This is frequently the case with networks that represent trade relations between sites in an earlier historical period; knowledge of the exact trade paths in such networks has not survived and only fragmentary data is available (Sindbæk 2007, 2013; see in this volume Peeples et al. 2016). The same problem also arises in modern trade networks, when the transactions involved are the result of illegal activities. Such an example is the modern trade network in illicit antiquities. During recent decades, thousands of antiquities were illegally excavated worldwide and exchanged via a global trade network. During the late 1990s and 2000s, the combined efforts of forensic archaeologists and police investigators uncovered a considerable part of the trade network that handled illicit Italian and Greek antiquities in particular (Gill and Chippindale 2006; Gill and Tsirogiannis 2011; Godart et al. 2008). However, a large part of the activities that took place within this network remain unknown and there are some transactions that police investigations were not able to trace.


Author(s):  
Andrzej Walicki

Pëtr Chaadaev was the first Russian thinker for whom his own country became a philosophical problem. His works initiated the powerful Russian tradition of reflecting on Russia’s whence and whither: that is to say, the meaning of Russian history, the character of Russian national identity, and the possible, or necessary, paths of Russian historical development in the future. However, Chaadaev’s answer to these questions was mostly negative: he defined Russia not by what it was, but by what it was not. A paradoxical feature of Chaadaev’s s position was that his general philosophical views did not apply to his native country. He was a convinced Westernizer, identifying Western development with universal human history, but Russia was in his view the opposite of the West, an exception to the general rules. His general social philosophy, deeply influenced by the French theocratic traditionalists, was inherently conservative, stressing the importance of supra-individual unity and of continuous historical traditions; in contrast with this, his philosophy of Russian history defined Russia as a country without unity and without history, thus lacking the basic conditions for a genuine conservatism. This view provoked a strong reaction among Russian Romantic conservatives: they accepted some aspects of Chaadaev’s conservative critique of atomistic individualism but tried to refute his pessimistic view of Russia, by arguing that, in fact, not Russia but the West represented atomistic disintegration and incapacity for organic development.


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