scholarly journals The Senate under Paul I and the issue of fiscal status of petty szlachta in the Russian western provinces at the turn of the 19th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Constantin Vadimovich Troianowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

After the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 the Russian empire faced a problem of determining the social status of petty Polish nobles (szlachta) in imperial hierarchy. At the turn of the 19th century the Senate was the governmental body that had to resolve this issue. In April of 1800 Paul I approved the proposal of the Senates 3d department to confirm lesser szlachtas fiscal immunity and other privileges enjoyed by her under Rzecz Pospolita. Yet, in the same year the Senates 1st department when deliberating on a separate case of szlachtas tax status in Novorossiysk province, passed two resolutions that contradicted the legal norm adopted in April. This paper focuses on the analysis of circumstances under which the Senates departments came to different decisions on the same problem. Their resolutions reflected two approaches to the policy of petty szlachtas inclusion in the imperial nobility. The resolution of the 3d department, supported by Paul I, envisaged a co-optation of szlachta as a social group through legislative confirmation of its privileged status in the empire. The approach of the 1st department emphasized the necessity of szlachtas integration into imperial nobility on the individual basis (by submitting proofs of noble origin compliant to the Russian laws). As a result the imperial government gave preference to the second model of inclusion.

scholarly journals Polish Jews, Russian Jews and the Transfer of the Social Imagery: the Polish Kingdom and Russia in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Artur Markowski ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Russian Jews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the process of making and the evolution of the terms „Polish Jew” and “Russian Jew”in the 19th century in the Polish Kingdom and the Russian Empire. The article shows how social imageries were transferred from the Polish Kingdom to Russia and in the opposite direction and how they were mutually influencing the defining of new Jewish identities created in relation to the countries in which the Jews lived. Finally, the article shows, on the bases of few biographical cases, how practically the transfers of social image ries we retaking place.

scholarly journals EYEWITNESS’S VIEW: 900TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BAPTISM OF RUS IN KYIV IN A LETTER FROM PETRO VASYLCHYKOV TO GRYGORII GALAGAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Maryna Budzar
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Invented Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

The archives of the Ukrainian elite are an important source for the reconstruction of various life-stages of society in the 19th century. Publication of the document form Galagan family collection, presents a private view on one of the signifi cant events in the social and political history of the Russian Empire. This is a celebration of the 900th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus in Kyiv on summer 1888. Feasibility publication due to the fact that this year marks 130 years since the events referred to in the letter. The celebration of the 900th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus was entirely in line with the imperial power’s desire to use the past for creating ideological and spiritual myths, that would contribute to strengthening the autocratic system of government through the unifi cation of the state and the church. In the last third of the 19 century the Russian Empire was actively involved in European practice of so called «invented tradition» (E. Gobsbaum) for a successful positioning itself as a country in the world. But the practice of imperial anniversaries had not only foreign policy but also internal tasks. It sought to neutralize national factors of life of the peoples of the multinational empire, especially Ukrainian, and strengthen the «space power» by leveling distinct. Petro Vasylchykov letter to Grygorii Galagan helps to understand the attitude to this event of the prominent politicians and public activists of the Empire at the end of the 19th century. At the same time, it contains many details for the reconstruction of everyday life of Kyiv at the time of the anniversary celebration.

Soldiers' children as a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov ◽  
Svetlana Bukalova ◽  
Sergey Simonov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Family Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

We consider the social and legal status, family status and class transformations of soldiers’ offspring in the second half of the 19th century. The great reforms of the 60–70s of the 19th century did not actually affect the regulation of children of lower ranks and reserve soldiers. In this context, it is clear that there has been very little change in the situation of such children compared to the recruitment period. Soldiers’ children in the 19th century continued to fill up the lumpenized population groups of the Russian Empire, and their situation remained shaky, unstable and uncertain. We reveal the historical and legal dynamics aspects of the social and class status of children of representatives of the “military class”: soldiers’ children, reserve soldiers’ children, recruits’ children. We ascertain features of the charity and welfare organization for the families with called up soldiers during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Attracting a wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed quite successfully to reconstruct existing social and legal regulation and the practice of charity “military offspring” of lower ranks soldiers. We reveal features of the “reflection” of soldiers’ position in primary archival documents and legislative acts, including social and legal conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military children”. We give a historiographic assessment of the study of legal status of soldiers’ children and their everyday life in the war and peace years of the second half of the 19th century. We identify research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians on the stated issues. We draw conclusions about the prospects of studying the post-reform ethnic and social, social and cultural, class and legal features of the soldier’s offspring, which is still “in the shadow” of research interest in the history community. We prove that “soldiers’ children” were and remained a special social institution in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. We reveal the peculiarities of studying this category of “military class” in pre-reform and post-reform Russia.

scholarly journals Formular Lists as a Source for the Study of the Social Portrait of Mayor First Half of the 19th Century (on the Example of the City of Verkhneudinsk, Transbaikal Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
R. A. Evtekhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
City Police

The article analyzes the basic information about the governors of the city of Verkhneudinsk, extracted from previously unpublished formular lists. The purpose of the article is to clarify the most general, characteristic portrait of individuals appointed to the position of mayor of Verkhneudinsk based on the use of formular lists. The work used micro-historical and anthropological research methods. The formal lists of the governors of Verkhneudinsk and the data given in them are analyzed in detail. The information revealed by the author was compared with the data of the western regions of the Russian Empire, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the presence of a certain specificity in the policy of recruiting the leadership of the city police on the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

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