scholarly journals Influence of temperature and carbon sources on auxin biosynthesis by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain and their phytostimulating activity in urbanozem soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Nikolaevich Otroshko ◽  
Vladislav Viktorovich Sheremet ◽  
Nikita Nikolaevich Volchenko ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Khudokormov ◽  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Samkov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature and carbon sources for synthesizing activity of Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D strain on the mineral medium. Tryptophan at a concentration of 0,5 g/l was added as a precursor for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. Phytostimulating effect was shown in condition of soil experiment using lawn grass mixture ( Festuca rubra - 30%, Lolium perenne - 30%, Poa pratensis - 20%, Festuca rubra trichlorophylla - 15%, Festuca ovina - 5%). The strain of selected oil-degrading bacteria was able to produce IAA on both hydrocarbon and carbohydrates as carbon sources. The differences were found in the production of auxin that depended on temperature and types of C-substrate. When sucrose used as a carbon source the maximum in production of IAA was 34,3 g/ml at the temperature of 15C. When culturing microorganisms on hexadecane the highest concentration IAA (77,69 g/ml ) was achieved at 25C. The culture broth (supernatant) and native bacterial suspension had shown phytostimulating activity on the lawn grass (weight of plant biomass, germination) to compare to water and chemically synthesized IAA in condition of soil experiment.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Seawater: Prospects of Using Lyophilized Native Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Rafaela Perdigão ◽  
C. Marisa R. Almeida ◽  
Catarina Magalhães ◽  
Sandra Ramos ◽  
Ana L. Carolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

This work aimed to develop a bioremediation product of lyophilized native bacteria to respond to marine oil spills. Three oil-degrading bacterial strains (two strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis and one Pseudomonas sp.), isolated from the NW Portuguese coast, were selected for lyophilization after biomass growth optimization (tested with alternative carbon sources). Results indicated that the bacterial strains remained viable after the lyophilization process, without losing their biodegradation potential. The biomass/petroleum ratio was optimized, and the bioremediation efficiency of the lyophilized bacterial consortium was tested in microcosms with natural seawater and petroleum. An acceleration of the natural oil degradation process was observed, with an increased abundance of oil-degraders after 24 h, an emulsion of the oil/water layer after 7 days, and an increased removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (47%) after 15 days. This study provides an insight into the formulation and optimization of lyophilized bacterial agents for application in autochthonous oil bioremediation.

scholarly journals Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) as an Amendment for Phytostabilization of Highly Multi-PTE Contaminated Soil

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2559
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Andrzej Głuchowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Nano Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Average Plant

In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to searching for new additives which will effectively facilitate the process of immobilizing contaminants in the soil. This work considers the role of the enhanced nano zero valent iron (nZVI) strategy in the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The experiment was carried out on soil that was highly contaminated with PTEs derived from areas in which metal waste had been stored for many years. The plants used comprised a mixture of grasses—Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. To determine the effect of the nZVI on the content of PTEs in soil and plants, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The addition of nZVI significantly increased average plant biomass (38%), the contents of Cu (above 2-fold), Ni (44%), Cd (29%), Pb (68%), Zn (44%), and Cr (above 2-fold) in the roots as well as the soil pH. The addition of nZVI, on the other hand, was most effective in reducing the Zn content of soil when compared to the control series. Based on the investigations conducted, the application of nZVI to soil highly contaminated with PTEs is potentially beneficial for the restoration of polluted lands.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Marinobacter sp. TT1 Reveals Corexit Impacts on Hydrocarbon Metabolism, Chemotactic Motility, and Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Saskia Rughöft ◽  
Nico Jehmlich ◽  
Tony Gutierrez ◽  
Sara Kleindienst
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
First Time

The application of chemical dispersants during marine oil spills can affect the community composition and activity of marine microorganisms. Several studies have indicated that certain marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, such as Marinobacter spp., can be inhibited by chemical dispersants, resulting in lower abundances and/or reduced biodegradation rates. However, a major knowledge gap exists regarding the mechanisms underlying these physiological effects. Here, we performed comparative proteomics of the Deepwater Horizon isolate Marinobacter sp. TT1 grown under different conditions. Strain TT1 received different carbon sources (pyruvate vs. n-hexadecane) with and without added dispersant (Corexit EC9500A). Additional treatments contained crude oil in the form of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) or chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF; with Corexit). For the first time, we identified the proteins associated with alkane metabolism and alginate biosynthesis in strain TT1, report on its potential for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and present a protein-based proposed metabolism of Corexit components as carbon substrates. Our findings revealed that Corexit exposure affects hydrocarbon metabolism, chemotactic motility, biofilm formation, and induces solvent tolerance mechanisms, like efflux pumps, in strain TT1. This study provides novel insights into dispersant impacts on microbial hydrocarbon degraders that should be taken into consideration for future oil spill response actions.

scholarly journals Research on Degradation Characteristics of Nonylphenol in Water by Highly Effective Complex Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Fang-yan Chen ◽  
Yu-bin Tang ◽  
Xin-gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Aiming at effectively controlling nonylphenol (NP) pollution, three bacterial strains were isolated from activated sludge and landfill leachate, which could grow with nonylphenol as sole carbon and energy source. The three nonylphenol-degrading bacteria isolated were named as WN6, SLY9 and SLY10, respectively. The morphological observation and 16S rDNA identification revealed that the strains belonged to Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. WN6 and SLY9 contained ALK gene, while WN6 and SLY10 harbored C12O genes. The three strains were combined together to form complex microorganisms ZJF. The ratio of Serratia sp. to Klebsiella sp. to Pseudomonas putida was 2:1:2 (volume ratio of bacterial suspension). Under the conditions that temperature was 30 ℃, pH was 6, inoculation amount was 10% (volume ratio), initial concentration of NP solutions was 20 mg/L, NP degradation rate by ZJF reached 73.82%, compared with any single strain of the three bacteria, NP degradation rate by ZJF increased more than 15% during 6 days. Bioremediation of nonylphenol-polluted the Yangtze River and the Ancient Canal water by ZJF ware simulated. After a 6-day incubation period, the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Ancient Canal water was close to 80%, and the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Yangtze River water was 72.84%.

scholarly journals Properties of Thermobifida fusca peroxidase Tfu-1649 and its combined synergistic effects with xylanase on lignocellulose degradation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 942-953
Author(s):  
Wan-Yu Liao ◽  
Yu-Chun Huang ◽  
Wei-Lin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Yu Chen ◽  
Chao-Hsun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Thermophilic Actinomycetes ◽  
Biomass Decomposition

Lignocelluloses are comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignins, which constitute plant biomass. Since peroxidases can degrade lignins, the authors examined peroxidase Tfu-1649, which is secreted from the thermophilic actinomycetes, Thermobifida fusca BCRC 19214. After cultivating for 48 h, the culture broth accumulated 43.66 U/mL of peroxidase activity. The treatment of four types of lignocellulolytic byproducts, i.e., bagasse, corncob, pin sawdust, and Zizania latifolia Turcz husk, with Tfu-1649 alone increased the total phenolic compounds, with limited reducing sugars, but treatment with xylanase, Tfu-11, and peroxidase Tfu-1649 showed synergistic effects. Hence, the co-operative degradation of lignocelluloses by both peroxidase and xylanase could contribute to biomass decomposition and further applications in the agricultural and environmental industries.

scholarly journals Screening and directed evolution of transporters to improve xylodextrin utilization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Zhang ◽  
Ligia Acosta-Sampson ◽  
Vivian Yaci Yu ◽  
Jamie H. D. Cate
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Selection Medium

AbstractThe economic production of cellulosic biofuel requires efficient and full utilization of all abundant carbohydrates naturally released from plant biomass by enzyme cocktails. Recently, we reconstituted the Neurospora crassa xylodextrin transport and consumption system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enabling growth of yeast on xylodextrins aerobically. However, the consumption rate of xylodextrin requires improvement for industrial applications, including consumption in anaerobic conditions. As a first step in this improvement, we report analysis of orthologues of the N. crassa transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2. Transporter ST16 from Trichoderma virens enables faster aerobic growth of S. cerevisiae on xylodextrins compared to CDT-2. ST16 is a xylodextrin-specific transporter, and the xylobiose transport activity of ST16 is not inhibited by cellobiose. Other transporters identified in the screen also enable growth on xylodextrins including xylotriose. Taken together, these results indicate that multiple transporters might prove useful to improve xylodextrin utilization in S. cerevisiae. Efforts to use directed evolution to improve ST16 from a chromosomally-integrated copy were not successful, due to background growth of yeast on other carbon sources present in the selection medium. Future experiments will require increasing the baseline growth rate of the yeast population on xylodextrins, to ensure that the selective pressure exerted on xylodextrin transport can lead to isolation of improved xylodextrin transporters.

scholarly journals ABC Transporters Required for Hexose Uptake byClostridium phytofermentans

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Cerisy ◽  
Alba Iglesias ◽  
William Rostain ◽  
Magali Boutard ◽  
Christine Pelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Matter

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms by which bacteria uptake solutes across the cell membrane broadly impact their cellular energetics. Here, we use functional genomic, genetic, and biophysical approaches to reveal howClostridium(Lachnoclostridium)phytofermentans, a model bacterium that ferments lignocellulosic biomass, uptakes plant hexoses using highly specific, nonredundant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We analyze the transcription patterns of its 173 annotated sugar transporter genes to find those upregulated on specific carbon sources. Inactivation of these genes reveals that individual ABC transporters are required for uptake of hexoses and hexo-oligosaccharides and that distinct ABC transporters are used for oligosaccharides versus their constituent monomers. The thermodynamics of sugar binding shows that substrate specificity of these transporters is encoded by the extracellular solute-binding subunit. As sugars are not phosphorylated during ABC transport, we identify intracellular hexokinases based onin vitroactivities. These mechanisms used byClostridiato uptake plant hexoses are key to understanding soil and intestinal microbiomes and to engineer strains for industrial transformation of lignocellulose.IMPORTANCEPlant-fermentingClostridiaare anaerobic bacteria that recycle plant matter in soil and promote human health by fermenting dietary fiber in the intestine.Clostridiadegrade plant biomass using extracellular enzymes and then uptake the liberated sugars for fermentation. The main sugars in plant biomass are hexoses, and here, we identify how hexoses are taken in to the cell by the model organismClostridium phytofermentans. We show that this bacterium uptakes hexoses using a set of highly specific, nonredundant ABC transporters. Once in the cell, the hexoses are phosphorylated by intracellular hexokinases. This study provides insight into the functioning of abundant members of soil and intestinal microbiomes and identifies gene targets to engineer strains for industrial lignocellulosic fermentation.

scholarly journals The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003-6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W. Wu ◽  
Nils Thieme ◽  
Lori B. Huberman ◽  
Axel Dietschmann ◽  
David J. Kowbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Filamentous fungi, such asNeurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ofN. crassaon 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors inN. crassaand characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.

Response of a Red Fescue-Kentucky Bluegrass Turf to Three Consecutive Annual Applications of Amidochlor, Mefluidide, and Ethephon

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A red fescue (Festuca rubraL.)- Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) turf was treated annually with amidochlor {N-[(acetylamino)methyl]-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide} at 2.2, 2.8, and 3.4 kg ai/ha, mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} at 0.4 kg ai/ha, and ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] at 5.6 kg ai/ha for three consecutive years. Recuperative potential of treated turfgrass was determined in the field and in a greenhouse study. Amidochlor and mefluidide treatments injured turfgrass (11 to 64%) four weeks after application. However, turfgrass recovered after eight weeks. Amidochlor at 2.8 to 3.4 kg/ha and mefluidide at 0.4 kg/ha suppressed (75 to 100%) seedhead development. Ethephon at 5.6 kg/ha was ineffective. Turfgrass recovered normally each spring after amidochlor treatments, with no delay in spring green-up. Root length, root weight, and root:shoot weight ratio of the plugs from the greenhouse study were unaffected by three consecutive annual applications of amidochlor, mefluidide, and ethephon. One annual spring application of amidochlor, mefluidide, and ethephon for three consecutive years caused no adverse effects that would limit their use on red fescue-Kentucky bluegrass turf.

Carbon sources that enable enrichment of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria in landfill leachate

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Kazuki Hisada ◽  
Takuya Okumura ◽  
Yoshinori Yabuki ◽  
Gen Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Degrading Bacteria
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