scholarly journals Some aspects of combating human trafficking

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
O S Guzeeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Tissue Transplantation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Trafficking In Persons

Difficulties combating human trafficking due not only to the transnational character and widespread proliferation of new forms of trafficking in persons (in addition to sexual exploitation): forced labor, begging, forced surrogacy, organ and tissue transplantation, forced adoption / adoption, use in armed groups, but also the difficulties qualification of crimes under Art. 127.1 of the Criminal Code

Human Trafficking 1: Epidemiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Commercial Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Domestic Servitude

Trafficking in persons, or human trafficking, is the obtaining of persons by force, fraud, coercion, or other improper means, with the intention of exploiting them for financial gain. According to the US Department of State, the more prominent global forms of human trafficking include forced labor, bonded labor (or debt bondage), forced commercial sexual exploitation (or sex trafficking), involuntary domestic servitude, forced child labor, child sex trafficking, child soldiering, and organ trafficking. In the United States, the forced exploitation of persons in the labor industry (i.e., labor trafficking) and in the commercial sex industry (i.e., sex trafficking) account for the majority of human trafficking cases recognized, reported, investigated, and prosecuted. Women and girls account for 55% (11.4 million) of the global trafficked population, whereas men and boys comprise the difference. Three quarters of trafficked persons are adults, whereas children younger than 18 years represent 26% (5.5 million) of victims. Risk factors that have been associated with increased risk of human trafficking include but are not limited to a childhood history of abuse and neglect; financial insecurity; housing instability associated with homelessness, running away, or being thrown out of the home; kinship placements with distant family members, foster care, and other residential placements; intellectual and learning disabilities; identification as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ); racial and ethnic minority status; status as an immigrant, migrant worker, and refugee; and involvement in gangs or illicit substance use. Due to the inherently abusive and violent nature of this crime, human trafficking has profound negative implications for the health and well-being of affected persons. This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 53 references Key words: commercial sexual exploitation, debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced labor, forced substance use, HIV, modern-day slavery, posttraumatic stress disorder, trafficking in persons 

Women Mental Health and Trafficking

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S9-S9
Author(s):  
M. Schouler-Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Modern Slavery

“Trafficking in persons,” “human trafficking,” and “modern slavery” have been used as umbrella terms for the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Trafficking in persons is an insult to human dignity and an assault on freedom, and robbing basic human rights (US Report, 2015). Reliable data on trafficking are difficult to obtain owing to its illegal nature; the range and severity of trafficking activities; and variations in how trafficking is defined. It is supposed that 49 per cent of the victims are women, 21 per cent girls, 18 per cent men and 12 per cent boys. 53 per cent were involved in sexual exploitation and 40 per cent in forced labor (UN, 2014).Research findings show that the limitations of current methodologies affect what is known about human trafficking and health. Moreover, findings demonstrate an urgent need for representative and non–purposive recruitment strategies in future investigations of trafficking and health as well as research on risk and protective factors related to human trafficking and health, intervention effectiveness, long-term health outcomes. The psychological impact of victimization may be more severe than the physical violence. Victims who have been rescued from sexual slavery, typically present with various psychological symptoms and mental illnesses, including the following: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, Stockholm syndrome, and substance abuse. In this talk current findings will be presented and discussed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

PERSEFEKTIF IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIME LAW NUMBER 39 OF 1999 ON HUMAN RIGHTS CASE AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ida Monika Putu Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Human Rights Violation

Laws are the norms that govern all human actions that can be done and should not be carried out both written and unwritten and have sanctions, so that the entry into force of these rules can be forced or coercive and binding for all the people of Indonesia. The most obvious form of manifestation of legal sanctions appear in criminal law. In criminal law there are various forms of crimes and violations, one of the crimes listed in the criminal law, namely the crime of Human Trafficking is often perpetrated against women and children. Human Trafficking is any act of trafficking offenders that contains one or more acts, the recruitment, transportation between regions and countries, alienation, departure, reception. With the threat of the use of verbal and physical abuse, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of a position of vulnerability, example when a person has no other choice, isolated, drug dependence, forest traps, and others, giving or receiving of payments or benefits women and children used for the purpose of prostitution and sexual exploitation. These crimes often involving women and children into slavery. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery and is one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity (Public Company Act No. 21 of 2007, on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons). Crime human trafficking crime has been agreed by the international community as a form of human rights violation.  

scholarly journals RESPONSIBILITY FOR TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS UNDER RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW: ISSUES OF LEGISLATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1099
Author(s):  
Nina Yu. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

Today, no state in the world can say with confidence that it does not face the problem of human trafficking as it does not depend on the geopolitical position of the country, nor on the socio-economic situation. The negative social consequences of the transformations in Russia at the end of the last century determined not only its transit destination during the illegal migration of labor, but also the role of the sender and recipient of human commodity (mainly women and children) intended for exploitation (i.e. including sexual), surrogacy, removal of organs and tissues. Trying to adhere to the international definition of human trafficking as much as possible and drawing on the existing experience of regulation, the Russian legislator enshrined the norm in the Criminal Code (Article 1271) containing editorial flaws that impeded its implementation. The purpose of the study is to formulate proposals to address the deficiencies identified during the study of the legislative definition of trafficking in persons, which cause difficulties in enforcement. The methodological basis is constituted by general scientific (analysis and synthesis, dialectics) and private scientific research methods (system-structural, formal-legal, logical, linguistic). The paper notes the terminological difficulties associated with the inclusion of Convention norms in the system of Russian law. Noting the need to establish enhanced guarantees of child safety, the author does not see the need for independent criminalization of trafficking in minors. By identifying technical and legal shortcomings in the definition of human trafficking and human exploitation, the author suggests ways to solve them by reforming the criminal law and judicial interpretation at the level of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

Human Trafficking: Empowering Healthcare Providers and Community Partners as Advocates for Victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 089801012110455
Author(s):  
Marielle A. Combs ◽  
Tracy Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Holistic Nursing ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Community Volunteers ◽  
Modern Day Slavery ◽  
Human Caring

Human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, is a public health crisis and a growing worldwide crime exploiting approximately 40.3 million victims. A decade ago approximately 79% of human trafficking crimes were related to sexual exploitation and 18% were related to forced labor, but more recent reports show approximately 50% and 38%, respectively. Although sexual exploitation continues to make up the majority of human trafficking crimes, forced labor continues to grow at an alarming rate. The purpose of this paper is 2-fold. First, to empower healthcare providers and community volunteers serving potential victims of human trafficking in traditional and nontraditional settings with human trafficking identification training. This education should include the use of a validated human trafficking screening tool and the timely provision of resources. Second, to guide professional nurses in the holistic approach to caring for potential victims of human trafficking. The core values of holistic nursing practice and Watson's Theory of Human Caring are the pillars guiding mindful and authentic nursing care. Merging evidence-based practice with holistic care will boost victim identification and rescue.

scholarly journals Re-Framing Exploitation Creep to Fight Human Trafficking: A Response to Janie Chuang

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Clifford Bob
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Obama Administration ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Way

Janie Chuang discusses important shifts in the way that American policy makers and activists have defined and fought human trafficking. As she shows, key aspects of the 2000 UN Protocol’s definition of trafficking have been whiplashed by changing political winds emanating from the Bush and Obama administrations. In the Bush years, a strange bedfellows network of feminists, evangelicals, and neo-conservatives directed American trafficking policy primarily toward sexual exploitation, pushing for prohibitions not only on forced but also on voluntary prostitution. Other types of trafficking were neglected. The Obama administration and its own set of civil society associates gusted other ways. Among other moves, it reduced the focus on sex, dropped the view that voluntary prostitution constituted trafficking, enlarged the trafficking concept to include all forced labor (whether or not involving movement), and rebranded the expansive new notion as slavery.

Human Trafficking: Sex Trade

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

The definition of human trafficking generally includes the commercial exploitation of persons for labor or sex. Although the International Labour Organization estimated in 2012 that exploitation through forced labor trafficking is up to three times more prevalent than forced sexual exploitation, sex trafficking seems to receive greater media and public attention. This article provides a historical context for sex trafficking, some discussion about the political evolution of sex trafficking legislation, current knowledge, and practice.

scholarly journals How Conflict and Displacement Fuel Human Trafficking and Abuse of Vulnerable Groups. The Case of Colombia and Opportunities for Real Action and Innovative Solutions.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Estella Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Trafficking Victims

Disaffected, impoverished, and displaced people in weak and failing states are particularly vulnerable. Human trafficking exploits social and political turmoil caused by natural disasters, economic crisis, and armed conflict. The exploitation and forced servitude of millions of trafficking victims take many forms. Women and children are trafficked into becoming child soldiers and concubines of illegal armed groups, men, women and children are trafficked into forced labor and sexual slavery, forced to sell drugs, steal, and beg money for the criminals controlling them, and thousands are coerced or forced into a growing black market trade in human body parts. The growth in illegal mining operations by illegal armed groups and organized crime is also fueling conditions of forced labor. Trafficking victims are dehumanized and suffer grave physical and mental illness and often die at the hands of their captors and exploiters. Colombia is particularly afflicted by the scourge of human trafficking. All the elements of modern-day slavery and human exploitation are present in this Latin American state that is struggling to overcome decades of internal armed conflict, social fragmentation, poverty, and the constant debilitating presence of organized crime and corruption. Women’s Link Worldwide recently reported that human trafficking is not viewed as an internal problem among Colombian officials, despite estimates that more than 70,000 people are trafficked within Colombia each year. This article examines human trafficking in its many forms in Colombia, the parties involved in trafficking, and the State’s response or lack of response to human trafficking. The article also presents innovations that might be effective for combating human trafficking, and proposes that Colombia can serve as an effective model for other countries to address this growing domestic and international human rights catastrophe.

Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadejda K. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children

Trafficking and smuggling in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. In the world today, there are more slaves than at any other time in human history—these present-day slaves are the victims of human smuggling and human trafficking. Human trafficking refers to the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Almost every country in the world is affected by trafficking, whether as a country of origin, transit or destination for victims. The 1980s saw human trafficking emerge on the political agenda of states as well as of supranational and international organizations. By the early 1990s, human smuggling—which is extremely important in illegal migration—has prompted policy attention. The academic scholarship on human smuggling focuses on the factors for the increase of trafficking, the structure and organization of smuggler networks, and on the question of whether smuggled individuals are victims or perpetrators of a crime.

Profile of Reported Trafficking in Persons in Brazil Between 2009 and 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097621
Author(s):  
Taciana Silveira Passos ◽  
Mateus Felipe Santos Santana ◽  
Nuria Cordero-Ramos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations ◽  
North And South

The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal evolution of the number of human trafficking cases notified by the health system in Brazil, considering the characteristics of the population. This article carries out a descriptive study on reports of trafficking in persons in consultation with the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. This is a profile of reported trafficking in persons in Brazil between 2009 and 2017. Incidence rates were calculated with adjustments to the population record for each year and presented on a scale of 1:1,000,000 inhabitants. We developed a Poisson regression model to evaluate the ratio of the incidence rate. According to available data, there were 1,011 victims reported in the health system during the study period. The predominant profile of the population exposed to such violence is female, aged between 20 and 29 years, with low education and brown skin. There was a trend growth of annual reports about 10 percentage points ( p < .0001) and all regions had significantly higher incidence rates than the Southeast ( p < .0001), mainly Midwest, North and South. This means that the regions with the highest incidence rates have international land borders. Given the predominance of women in young adulthood, it is inferred that the majority were trafficked for sexual exploitation. This research represents a pioneering approach to the use and modeling of human trafficking data available in the Brazilian public health system. There is a probable underreporting of cases of trafficking in persons who transit health services. As such, identification methods for hard-to-reach populations should be integrated into future research on human trafficking to increase the likelihood of capturing victims.

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