scholarly journals Nootropic effect of combined application of means from Baikal seal fat and cortexin at cerebral ischemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Sangadieva ◽  
Sergey M. Gulyaev ◽  
Galina P. Lamazhapova

In the present study, influence of the complex use of concentrate of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from a fat of Baikal seal and cortexin on cognitive functions in rats with cerebral ischemia was evaluated. Cognitive impairments are early signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency, which are based on the development of pathobiochemical reactions that cause damage to the lipid and protein structures of cell membranes. It has been suggested that the administration of PUFA and cortexin will have a nootropic effect due to the synergy of their actions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of PUFA and Cortexin on cognitive function in rats with cerebral ischemia. The study was performed on Wistar rats of both sexes. A model of cerebral ischemia was reproduced by occlusion of the left common carotid artery under ether anesthesia. Animals received PUFA (20 mg/kg) intragastrically once day for 14 days before surgery and for the next 10 days after in combination with administration of cortexin (4 mg/kg, i.p). For a comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the complex use of PUFA and cortexin, three groups of animals were used: piracetam and monotherapy with PUFA, and Cortexin. Behavioral activity and cognitive functions in rats were determined using the methods: open field, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze. It has been established that combined use of PUFA and Cortexin stimulated locomotor and exploratory activity, reduced anxiety in animals and had a more effective nootropic effect as compared with monotherapy.

Author(s):  
Г.А. Фролова

Целью исследования является оценка коррекции поведенческих нарушений, вызванных двухнедельной алкоголизацией у самцов белых крыс, путем блокирования сульпиридом ауторецепторов дофамина с учетом индивидуально-типологических особенностей животных. Методика. Эксперимент был выполнен на 40 половозрелых крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г. Уровень тревожности крыс определяли в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте по общему времени пребывания животного на открытом пространстве лабиринта за 5 мин тестирования и числу повторных выходов на него. Двигательную и исследовательскую активность, а также число актов груминга животных оценивали в тесте открытого поля в течение 5 мин. Уровень депрессивности животных устанавливали с помощью теста Порсолта с подсчетом количества и общей продолжительности периодов полной иммобильности (неподвижности) животного. По количеству фекальных болюсов судили об эмоциональности животных. После исходного (контрольного) тестирования в батарее вышеуказанных тестов животные были разделены на три подгруппы согласно выраженности депрессивности в тесте Порсолта. Алкоголизацию проводили в течение 14 сут путем внутрибрюшинного введения раствора этанола в виде 10% раствора из расчета 2 г/кг веса животного, после чего животные проходили повторное тестирование в поведенческих тестах. Сульпирид («Eglonyl», Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, France) вводили в течение 14 сут в дозе 10 мг/кг, внутрибрюшинно, после чего животные снова проходили тестирование. Результаты. Двухнедельная алкоголизация приводит к увеличению тревожности и депрессивности самцов с исходно низким и средним уровнем депрессивности, на что указывает сокращение пребывания животных данных подгрупп на открытом пространстве приподнятого крестообразного лабиринта (p<0,01), уменьшение числа повторных выходов на него (p<0,05) и значительное увеличение общего времени неподвижности в тесте Порсолта (p<0,01). Последующее введение сульпирида корректирует анксиогенный и депрессогенный эффекты алкоголизации у самцов этих подгрупп. Исходно высокодепрессивные животные не проявили чувствительности к 14-дневному введению этанола и последующему блокированию D2/D3-рецепторов дофамина в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте и тесте Порсолта. Введение этанола в течение 14 дней угнетает исследовательскую активность (p<0,01) самцов в открытом поле независимо от исходного уровня их депрессивности и двигательную (p<0,01) у низкодепрессивных животных. Последующее введение сульпирида не привело к компенсации эффекта алкоголизации на показатели поведенческой активности в открытом поле. У низкодепрессивных самцов на фоне двухнедельной алкоголизации развивается депрессивноподобное состояние, характеризующееся выраженным поведенческим дефицитом в открытом поле. Двухнедельная алкоголизация приводит к значительному (в 2-3,5 раз, p<0,01) росту эмоциональности независимо от исходного уровня депрессивности крыс, что полностью корректируется последующим введением сульпирида у высокодепрессивных самцов, и к частичному снижению проявлений эмоциональности у низко- и среднедепрессивных животных. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности коррекции тревожных и депрессивных нарушений, возникших на фоне двухнедельной алкоголизации, сульпиридом с учетом индивидуально-типологических особенностей организма. The aim of the study was to evaluate correction of behavioral disorders with sulpiride, a dopamine autoreceptor inhibitor, in alcoholized rats taking into account individual typological features of the animals. Methods. Experiments were performed on sexually mature male rats weighing 180-220 g. The level of anxiety was determined in the elevated plus-maze by the total time of stay in and number of exits from the open space of the maze during 5 minutes of testing. Locomotor and exploratory activity and grooming behavior were assessed in the open field for 5 minutes. The severity of animal depression was determined using the standard Porsolt test by the number and total duration of immobility periods. The emotional state of animals was evaluated by the number of fecal boluses. After the initial (control) tests, the rats were divided into three subgroups based on the severity of depression as determined in the Porsolt test. Alcoholism was modeled by intraperitoneal injections of 10% ethanol (2 g/kg body weight) for 14 days. Then the animal behavior was re-tested. Sulpiride (Eglonyl, Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, France) was administered for 14 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; then the animals were tested again. Results. Two-week alcoholization resulted in increased anxiety and depression of rats with low and medium depression degree at baseline. These disorders were evident from shortened stay of these animals in the open space of elevated plus-maze, reduced number of repeated exits from the open space, and a significant increase in the total time of immobility in the Porsolt test. The subsequent sulpiride treatment corrected the anxiogenic and depressogenic effects of alcoholism in male rats of these subgroups. Originally high-depressive animals did not show a sensitivity to the 14 day-administration of ethanol and subsequent inhibition of D2/D3-dopamine receptors in the elevated plus-maze and Porsolt test. Administration of ethanol for 14 days suppressed both the exploratory activity of rats in the open field regardless of their baseline degree of depression, and the locomotor activity of low-depressive animals. The subsequent sulpiride treatment did not abolish the effect of alcohol on the behavioral activity in the open field. Low-depressive alcoholized males developed a depression-like condition characterized by a marked behavioral deficit in the open field. The two-week alcoholization resulted in a significant (2-3.5 times) increase in the emotionality irrespective of the baseline degree of depression. This disorder was fully corrected by the sulpiride treatment in high-depressive rats and partially reduced the signs of emotionality in low- and medium-depressive animals. Conclusion. The study showed a possibility for correction of anxiety and depressive disorders induced by two weeks of modeled alcohol abuse with sulpiride depending on individual typological features of animals.


Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sampath ◽  
M Holbik ◽  
L Krenn ◽  
V Butterweck

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 3895-3904
Author(s):  
João R.C. Araújo ◽  
Adriana R. Campos ◽  
Marina de Barros M.V. Damasceno ◽  
Sacha A.A.R. Santos ◽  
Maria K.A. Ferreira ◽  
...  

Background: Plant lectins have shown promising biological activities in the central nervous system (CNS). Objective: This study evaluated the effect of DAL, a lectin isolated from the seeds of the Dioclea altissima species, having binding affinity to D-glucose or D-mannose residues, on mice behavior. Methods: Mice (n=6/group) were treated (i.p.) with DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or vehicle and subjected to several tests (open field/OFT, marble-burying/MBT, hole-board/HBT, elevated plus maze/PMT, tail suspension/ TST, forced swimming/FST or rotarod/RRT). Pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME, 7-NI, Larginine or yohimbine were administered 15 min before DAL (0.5 mg/kg) and the animals were evaluated on PMT. It was also verified whether the DAL effect depended on its structural integrity and ability to interact with carbohydrates. Results: The results showed there were no neurobehavioral changes in the mice at the RRT, FST and locomotion in the OFT. DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) increased the behavior of grooming and rearing in the OFT, head dips in the HBT, pedalling in the TST and decreased the number of marbles hidden in the MBT. In the PMT, DAL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and Diazepam increased the frequency of entries in the open arms and the time of permanence in the open arms without affecting the locomotor activity. The effect of DAL was dependent on carbohydrate interaction and protein structure integrity and it prevented by pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME and 7-NI, but not by L-arginine or yohimbine. Conclusion: DAL was found to have an anxiolytic-like effect mediated by the 5-HT and GABAergic receptors and NO pathway.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. da Silva Oliveira ◽  
José C. Correia L. da Silva ◽  
Ana P. dos Santos C. L da Silva ◽  
Chistiane M. Feitosa ◽  
Fernanda R. de Castro Almeida

Background: Central nervous system disorders such as anxiety, depression and epilepsy are characterized by sharing several molecular mechanisms in common and the involvement of the L-arginine/NO pathway in neurobehavioral studies with β-caryophyllene is still little discussed. Objectives: One of the objectives of the present study was to demonstrate the anxiolytic behavioral effect of β-caryophyllene (β-CBP) in female Swiss mice, as well as to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the results obtained. Methods: This study evaluated the neurobehavioral effects of β-CBP using the open field test, rota-rod test, elevated plus maze test, novelty suppressed feeding test, tail suspension test and forced swim test, as well as pilocarpine, pentylenetetrazole and isoniazid-induced epileptic seizure models. Results:: The results demonstrated that the neuropharmacological activities of β-CBP may involve benzodiazepine/GABAergic receptors, since the pre-treatment of β-CBP (200 mg/kg) associated with flumazenil (5 mg/kg, benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) and bicuculline (1 mg/kg, selective GABAA receptor antagonist) reestablished the anxiety parameters in the elevated plus-maze test, as well as the results of reduced latency to consume food in the novelty suppressed feeding test. In addition to benzodiazepine/GABAergic receptors, the neuropharmacological properties of β-CBP may be related to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, since pre-treatment with L-arginine (500- 750 mg/kg) reversed significantly the anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities of β-CBP. Conclusion: The results obtained provide additional support in understanding the neuromolecular mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsive properties of β-CBP in female Swiss mice.


2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Serkedjieva ◽  
Tsvetanka Stefanova ◽  
Ekaterina Krumova

The combined protective effect of a polyphenol-rich extract, isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. (PC), and a novel naturally glycosylated Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase, produced from the fungal strain Humicula lutea 103 (HL-SOD), in the experimental influenza A virus infection (EIVI) in mice, induced with the virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), was investigated. The combined application of HL-SOD and PC in doses, which by themselves do not defend significantly mice in EIVI, resulted in a synergistically increased protection, determined on the basis of protective indices and amelioration of lung injury. Lung weights and consolidation as well as infectious lung virus titers were all decreased significantly parallel to the reduction of the mortality rates; lung indices were raised. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by alveolar macrophages (aMØ) as well as the elevated levels of the lung antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), induced by EIVI, were brought to normal. For comparative reasons the combined protective effect of PC and vitamin C was investigated. The obtained results support the combined use of antioxidants for the treatment of influenza virus infection and in general indicate the beneficial protective role of combinations of viral inhibitors of natural origin with diverse modes of action.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Conner W. Wallace ◽  
Nari S. Beatty ◽  
Sarah A. Hutcherson ◽  
Heather A. Emmons ◽  
Madison C. Loudermilt ◽  
...  

Diet-induced obesity reduces dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and stressful weight loss interventions could promote cravings for palatable foods high in fat and sugar that stimulate dopamine. Activation of κ-opioid receptors (KORs) reduces synaptic dopamine, but contribution of KORs to lower dopamine tone after dietary changes is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the function of KORs in C57BL/6 mice that consumed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks followed by replacement of HFD with a control 10% fat diet for one day or one week. HFD replacement induced voluntary caloric restriction and weight loss. However, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry revealed no differences in baseline dopamine parameters, whereas sex effects were revealed during KOR stimulation. NAc core dopamine release was reduced by KOR agonism after one day of HFD replacement in females but after one week of HFD replacement in males. Further, elevated plus-maze testing revealed no diet effects during HFD replacement on overt anxiety. These results suggest that KORs reduce NAc dopamine tone and increase food-related anxiety during dietary weight loss interventions that could subsequently promote palatable food cravings and inhibit weight loss.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Shoji ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyakawa

AbstractThe elevated plus maze test is a widely used test for assessing anxiety-like behavior and screening novel therapeutic agents in rodents. Previous studies have shown that a variety of internal factors and procedural variables can influence elevated plus maze behavior. Although some studies have suggested a link between behavior and plasma corticosterone levels, the relationships between them remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of experience with a battery of behavioral tests, the wall color of the closed arms, and illumination level on the behavior and plasma corticosterone responses in the elevated plus maze in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were either subjected to a series of behavioral tests, including assessments of general health and neurological function, a light/dark transition test, and an open field test, or left undisturbed until the start of the elevated plus maze test. The mice with and without test battery experience were allowed to freely explore the elevated plus maze. The other two independent groups of naïve mice were tested in mazes with closed arms with different wall colors (clear, transparent blue, white, and black) or different illumination levels (5, 100, and 800 lx). Immediately after the test, blood was collected to measure plasma corticosterone concentrations. Mice with test battery experience showed a lower percentage of open arm time and entries and, somewhat paradoxically, had lower plasma corticosterone levels than the mice with no test battery experience. Mice tested in the maze with closed arms with clear walls exhibited higher open arm exploration than mice tested in the maze with closed arms with black walls, while there were no significant differences in plasma corticosterone levels between the different wall color conditions. Illumination levels had no significant effects on any measure. Our results indicate that experience with other behavioral tests and different physical features of the maze affect elevated plus maze behaviors. Increased open arm time and entries are conventionally interpreted as decreased anxiety-like behavior, while other possible interpretations are considered: open arm exploration may reflect heightened anxiety and panic-like reaction to a novel situation under certain conditions. With the possibility of different interpretations, the present findings highlight the need to carefully consider the test conditions in designing experiments and drawing conclusions from the behavioral outcomes in the elevated plus maze test in C57BL/6J mice.


Alcohol ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Jennifer Koabel ◽  
Meghan McNivens ◽  
Paul McKee ◽  
Ricardo Pautassi ◽  
Kelly Bordner ◽  
...  

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