scholarly journals Nitric oxide and hypoxia at adaptation to muscular work (brief review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Alexander S Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Muscular Work ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

The The last two decades there has been a growing interest in the nitric oxide (NO) function in the body of a healthy person. In the study, two very specific problems are discussed: a) the NO involvement in mechanisms of adaptation at muscular work under hypoxia conditions, and b) the inorganic nitrate supplementation in athlete’s diet with the aim of sports performance improvement. The reorganizations that occur in the heart vasculature and in skeletal muscle for providing muscle work under hypoxia conditions examined. The named problems are particularly relevant in contemporary sports in which the adding of hypoxic exposure on a body of training persons as well as the inorganic nitrate in sports nutrition application as added means to special performance improvement. Raise the problem of the hypoxia and inorganic nitrate mutual exploitation in the training process.

Significance of Inorganic Nitrate Supplement in Cardiovascular Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Dudhe ◽  
Anshu Chaudhary Dudhe ◽  
Shravan D. Raut
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
General Information ◽  
Pressure Limit ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Sequential Reduction ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Background amp; Objectives: Nitric Oxide (NO) is frequently produced by the enzyme Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) and is crucial to the control and effective ness of the cardiovascular system. However, there is substantial reduction in NOS activity with aging that can lead to the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular obstacles. Fortunately, NO can also being produced by sequential reduction of inorganic nitrates supplementation. This proves that NO from inorganic nitrate supplements can provide compensation when NOS activity is inadequate and cardio protective benefits and beyond that provided by healthy NOS system. Discussion: This review focus on the general information about Nitrous oxide, types, mechanism of action of NO & overview of NOS activity is inadequate and cardio protective benefits and beyond that provided by healthy NOS system were often studied for cardiovascular treatments. Conclusion: We concluded that the Natural plant NO is the essential for cardiovascular activity to target site with desired concentration. Moreover, the researchers were focused on Evidence suggested that nitrate supplementation can help regulate blood pressure, limit progression of atherosclerosis, and improve myocardial contractility in both healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Role of Oral and Gut Microbiota in Dietary Nitrate Metabolism and Its Impact on Sports Performance

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Rocío González-Soltero ◽  
María Bailén ◽  
Beatriz de Lucas ◽  
Maria Isabel Ramírez-Goercke ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Nitrate supplementation is an effective, evidence-based dietary strategy for enhancing sports performance. The effects of dietary nitrate seem to be mediated by the ability of oral bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrite, thus increasing the levels of nitrite in circulation that may be further reduced to nitric oxide in the body. The gut microbiota has been recently implicated in sports performance by improving muscle function through the supply of certain metabolites. In this line, skeletal muscle can also serve as a reservoir of nitrate. Here we review the bacteria of the oral cavity involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the possible changes induced by nitrite and their effect on gastrointestinal balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. The potential role of gut bacteria in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and as a supplier of the signaling molecule nitric oxide to the blood circulation and muscles has not been explored in any great detail.

scholarly journals Acute inorganic nitrate supplementation and the hypoxic ventilatory response in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Bock ◽  
Brady E. Hanson ◽  
Thomas F. Asama ◽  
Andrew J. Feider ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Chemoreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreflex

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have increased cardiovascular disease risk largely attributable to hypertension. Heightened peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity (i.e., exaggerated responsiveness to hypoxia) facilitates hypertension in these patients. Nitric oxide blunts the peripheral chemoreflex and patients with OSA have reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. We therefore investigated the dose-dependent effects of acute inorganic nitrate supplementation (beetroot juice), an exogenous nitric oxide source, on blood pressure and cardiopulmonary responses to hypoxia in patients with OSA using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Fourteen patients with OSA (53±10years, 29.2±5.8kg/m2, apnea-hypopnea index=17.8±8.1, 43%F) completed three visits. Resting brachial blood pressure, as well as cardiopulmonary responses to inspiratory hypoxia, were measured before, and two hours after, acute inorganic nitrate supplementation (~0.10mmol [placebo], 4.03mmol [low-dose], and 8.06mmol [high-dose]). Placebo did not increase either plasma [nitrate] (30±52 to 52±23μM, P=0.26) or [nitrite] (266±153 to 277±164nM, P=0.21); however, both increased following low-(29±17 to 175±42μM, 220±137 to 514±352nM) and high-doses (26±11 to 292±90μM, 248±155 to 738±427nM, respectively, P<0.01 for all). Following placebo, systolic blood pressure increased (120±9 to128±10mmHg, P<0.05) whereas no changes were observed following low-(121±11 to 123±8mmHg, P=0.19) or high-dose (124±13 to 124±9mmHg, P=0.96). The peak ventilatory response to hypoxia increased following placebo (3.1±1.2 to 4.4±2.6L/min, P<0.01) but not low-(4.4±2.4 to 5.4±3.4L/min, P=0.11) or high-doses (4.3±2.3 to 4.8±2.7L/min, P=0.42). Inorganic nitrate did not change the heart rate responses to hypoxia (beverage-by-time P=0.64). Acute inorganic nitrate supplementation appears to blunt an early-morning rise in systolic blood pressure potentially through suppression of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in patients with OSA.

scholarly journals Dietary nitrate supplementation in cardiovascular health: an ergogenic aid or exercise therapeutic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. H195-H212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Woessner ◽  
Luke C. McIlvenna ◽  
Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos ◽  
Christopher J. Neil ◽  
Jason D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Ergogenic Aid ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Oral consumption of inorganic nitrate, which is abundant in green leafy vegetables and roots, has been shown to increase circulating plasma nitrite concentration, which can be converted to nitric oxide in low oxygen conditions. The associated beneficial physiological effects include a reduction in blood pressure, modification of platelet aggregation, and increases in limb blood flow. There have been numerous studies of nitrate supplementation in healthy recreational and competitive athletes; however, the ergogenic benefits are currently unclear due to a variety of factors including small sample sizes, different dosing regimens, variable nitrate conversion rates, the heterogeneity of participants’ initial fitness levels, and the types of exercise tests used. In clinical populations, the study results seem more promising, particularly in patients with cardiovascular diseases who typically present with disruptions in the ability to transport oxygen from the atmosphere to working tissues and reduced exercise tolerance. Many of these disease-related, physiological maladaptations, including endothelial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species, reduced tissue perfusion, and muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, have been previously identified as potential targets for nitric oxide restorative effects. This review is the first of its kind to outline the current evidence for inorganic nitrate supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to restore exercise tolerance and improve quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We summarize the factors that appear to limit or maximize its effectiveness and present a case for why it may be more effective in patients with cardiovascular disease than as ergogenic aid in healthy populations.

scholarly journals Inorganic nitrate attenuates cardiac dysfunction: role for xanthine oxidoreductase and nitric oxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Gee ◽  
Gianmichele Massimo ◽  
Clement Lau ◽  
Christopher Primus ◽  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate

Nitric oxide and interval hypoxic training in COVID-19 rehabilitation— new research direction

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Tsyganova ◽  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Tamara Nikolaevna Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Hypoxic Training

COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects lung tissue and disrupts gas exchange, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hypoxia, and lung damage. The search for methods of prevention and rehabilitation, especially after suffering from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, is on the agenda. This article discusses the possibilities of the interval hypoxic training (IHT) method for preventing infections by initiating nitric oxide production in the body. One of the main effects of IHT is the balanced stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) secretion. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the function of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. Nitric oxide plays a key role in maintaining normal vascular function and regulating inflammatory processes, including those leading to lung damage and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our immune system destroys bacteria and viruses by oxidative burst, i.e. when oxygen accumulates inside the cell. This process also involves nitric oxide, a signaling molecule that has an antibacterial and antiviral effect, as well as regulates vascular tone and affects the permeability of the cell wall. Interval hypoxytherapy enhances endogenous oxidative protection and increases the amount of nitric oxide, thus allowing the body’s cells to resist infection more effectively. Mitochondrial NOS induction and mitochondrial NO synthesis increase under the action of pathogenic factors on the cell. By modulating the activity of mtNOS and the synthesis of mitochondrial NO, it is possible to increase the resistance to hypoxic effects. Interval hypo-hyperoxic training as an effective non-specific method of increasing the body’s defenses is indispensable not only in the prevention of viral infection, but also in rehabilitation after viral pneumonia, as well as as a method that reduces the severity of viral infection in the event of infection.

Functional vagal input to chemically identified neurons in pancreatic ganglia as revealed by Fos expression

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E958-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiulin Wang ◽  
Huiyuan Zheng ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Excitatory Synaptic Input ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The importance of neural elements in the control of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretory functions and their coordination with gastrointestinal, hepatic, and general homeostatic functions is increasingly recognized. To better characterize the vagal efferent input to the pancreas, the capacity of electrical vagal stimulation to induce expression of c-Fos in neurochemically identified neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia was investigated. At optimal stimulation parameters, unilateral stimulation of either the left or right cervical vagus induced Fos expression in ∼30% of neurons in the head and 10–20% of neurons in the body and tail of the pancreas. There was no Fos expression if no stimulation or stimulation with a distally cut vagus was applied. Large proportions of neurons contained nitric oxide synthase as assessed with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry (88%) and choline acetyltransferase. The proportion of nitrergic and nonnitrergic neurons receiving vagal input was not different. It is concluded that a significant proportion of pancreatic neurons receives excitatory synaptic input from vagal preganglionic axons and that many of these vagal postganglionic neurons can produce nitric oxide and acetylcholine.

Hypoxia-induced pulmonary endothelin-1 expression is unaltered by nitric oxide

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1152-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Earley ◽  
Leif D. Nelin ◽  
Louis G. Chicoine ◽  
Benjimen R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Nitric oxide (NO) attenuates hypoxia-induced endothelin (ET)-1 expression in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. We hypothesized that NO similarly attenuates hypoxia-induced increases in ET-1 expression in the lungs of intact animals and reasoned that potentially reduced ET-1 levels may contribute to the protective effects of NO against the development of pulmonary hypertension during chronic hypoxia. As expected, hypoxic exposure (24 h, 10% O2) increased rat lung ET-1 peptide and prepro-ET-1 mRNA levels. Contrary to our hypothesis, inhaled NO (iNO) did not attenuate hypoxia-induced increases in pulmonary ET-1 peptide or prepro-ET-1 mRNA levels. Because of this surprising finding, we also examined the effects of NO on hypoxia-induced increases in ET peptide levels in cultured cell experiments. Consistent with the results of iNO experiments, administration of the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine to cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cells did not attenuate increases in ET peptide levels resulting from hypoxic (24 h, 3% O2) exposure. In additional experiments, we examined the effects of NO on the activity of a cloned ET-1 promoter fragment containing a functional hypoxia inducible factor-1 binding site in reporter gene experiments. Whereas moderate hypoxia (24 h, 3% O2) had no effect on ET-1 promoter activity, activity was increased by severe hypoxic (24 h, 0.5% O2) exposure. ET-1 promoter activity after S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine administration during severe hypoxia was greater than that in normoxic controls, although activity was reduced compared with that in hypoxic controls. These findings suggest that hypoxia-induced pulmonary ET-1 expression is unaffected by NO.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Lowings ◽  
Oliver Michael Shannon ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Jamie Matu ◽  
Matthew John Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Maximal Effort

Nitrate supplementation appears to be most ergogenic when oxygen availability is restricted and subsequently may be particularly beneficial for swimming performance due to the breath-hold element of this sport. This represents the first investigation of nitrate supplementation and swimming time-trial (TT) performance. In a randomized double-blind repeated-measures crossover study, ten (5 male, 5 female) trained swimmers ingested 140ml nitrate-rich (~12.5mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (~0.01mmol nitrate) beetroot juice. Three hours later, subjects completed a maximal effort swim TT comprising 168m (8 × 21m lengths) backstroke. Preexercise fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration was significantly elevated with nitrate compared with placebo, Mean (SD): 17 (9) vs. 7 (3)p.p.b., p = .008. Nitrate supplementation had a likely trivial effect on overall swim TT performance (mean difference 1.22s; 90% CI -0.18–2.6s; 0.93%; p = .144; d = 0.13; unlikely beneficial (22.6%), likely trivial (77.2%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The effects of nitrate supplementation during the first half of the TT were trivial (mean difference 0.29s; 90% CI -0.94–1.5s; 0.46%; p = .678; d = 0.05), but there was a possible beneficial effect of nitrate supplementation during the second half of the TT (mean difference 0.93s; 90% CI 0.13–1.70s; 1.36%; p = .062; d = 0.24; possibly beneficial (63.5%), possibly trivial (36.3%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The duration and speed of underwater swimming within the performance did not differ between nitrate and placebo (both p > .30). Nitrate supplementation increased nitric oxide bioavailability but did not benefit short-distance swimming performance or the underwater phases of the TT. Further investigation into the effects of nitrate supplementation during the second half of performance tests may be warranted.

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