scholarly journals Influence of new antihypoxant πq1983 on mice conditioned reflexes

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Denis Vladimirovich Sosin ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Yevseyev ◽  
Vitaliy Andreyevich Pravdivtsev ◽  
Marina Anatolyevna Yevseyeva ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Avoidance Reaction ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conditioned Reflexes ◽  
Timing Data

The dynamic of active avoidance reaction in consist of a defense conditioned reflex after intragastric administration of new selenium-containing metal-complex substances πQ1983 (100 mg/kg) possessing protective action during development of acute exogenous hypoxia in animal have been studied in experiments on mice. Timing data of the active avoidance reaction in experiments on formerly trained mice under action of this substance used in same doze were analyzed. It was established that substance πQ1983 blocks formation of conditioned reflex. In the group of trained mice antihypoxant πQ1983 increases a latent period of the avoidance reaction and decreases the avoidance time. All found effects provided by intragastric administration of the antihypoxant were short-term (15– 20 h) and reversible. The results were compared with effects of antihypoxant amthizole.

scholarly journals On the peculiarities in the spin-down of isolated radio pulsars

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
Augustine Chukwude
Keyword(s):  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Local Phase ◽  
Astronomy Observatory ◽  
Radio Pulsars ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radio Astronomy Observatory ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Timing Data

AbstractWe investigate the spin-down behaviour of a sample of 25 radio pulsars on decadal timescales (~ 18 years) using a continuous timing data obtained over a period of at Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). Particular attention is placed on achieving a better time resolution of both the short-term and long-term changes in pulsar spin-down using local phase-coherent measurements of the spin-down rates (). We demonstrate that the spin-down of radio pulsars is generally complicated by a superposition of processes that may or may not be related. Specifically, our results show that (i) for 7 pulsars, the observed spin-down variation is largely stochastic, characterized by random and sustained jumps in of varying amplitudes, (ii) for 9 objects, the spin-down evolution shows dominant monotonic variations in superimposed on short-term stochastic jumps in the parameter, and (iii) for the remaining 9 pulsars, the long-term spin-down evolution is non-monotonic, dominated by some systematic excursion in the measured spin-down rates.

Pavlov, Penfield, and the physiology of the mind

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Conditioned Reflexes ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Wilder Penfield's contributions to the structure–function relationships of the brain are well-known. Less well-known is the influence that Ivan Pavlov and the conditioned reflex had on Penfield's understanding of epileptogenesis, and on his concept of the acquisition of memories, language, and perception—what Penfield referred to as the physiology of the mind. Penfield invoked conditioned reflexes to explain responses to electrocortical stimulation of the temporal lobes that encompass memory, perception, and affect. Penfield referred to these responses as experiential phenomena since he considered that they constituted a record of past experiences. Penfield also invoked the conditioned reflex to explain the acquisition of the interpretive aspects of written and spoken language in the dominant temporal cortex. This article describes and discusses these neglected aspects of Penfield's work, and how they contributed to a broader understanding of the functional integration of the temporal cortex and the limbic system.

Uptake of Neutral Metal Complexes by a Green Alga: Influence of pH and Humic Substances

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiel Boullemant ◽  
Bernard Vigneault ◽  
Claude Fortin ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Neutral Metal

We have examined the influence of pH and a natural humic acid on the short-term uptake (<40 min) of a neutral, lipophilic metal complex by a unicellular freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate ([Cd(DDC)2]0) was used as a model lipophilic metal complex and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was chosen as a representative aquatic humic acid (6.5 mg C L−1). Under the experimental conditions virtually all the Cd was expected to be present as the lipophilic complex ([Cd]T = 0.38 nM; [DDC] 1 μM; [Cd2+] <10−15 M; pH 7.0, 6.0, or 5.5). Uptake of [Cd(DDC)2]0 proved to be sensitive to pH changes. It was lower at pH 6.0 and 5.5 than at pH 7.0. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of reduced uptake of a lipophilic metal complex at low pH. The presence of SRHA also affected uptake, either by binding the lipophilic complex in solution and reducing its bioavailability (pH 7.0) or by increasing the permeability of the algal membrane (pH 5.5).

scholarly journals Study of antihypoxic activities of metal complex selenium containing substances after their parenteral and enteralintroductions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Denis Vladimirovich Sosin ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Yevseyev ◽  
Edgar Andreyevich Parfenov ◽  
Vitaliy Andreyevich Pravdivtsev ◽  
Marina Anatolyevna Yevseyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia ◽  
First Time

In experiments on mice undergone to an acute hypercapnic hypoxia and an acute hypobaric hypoxia a screening of antihypoxants among new selenium containing metal complex substances was performed after their intra-abdominal and oral introductions. It was found that substances πQ1983 and πQ2170 on both models of hypoxia make the defensive effects surpassing actions well-known antihypoxants such as amthizole and bemythil. It was shown that antihypoxiс affects of studied substances depend on their caused hypothermia. For the first time the protective action of selenium containing metal complex compounds was demonstrated after their introduction per os.

scholarly journals On the ratio of conditioned and unconditioned saliva secretion on well-formed conditioned reflexes

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
A. B. Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Conditioned Reflexes ◽  
Food Substance ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Weak Stimulus ◽  
Food Center

For the formation of conditioned reflexes, as is known, the coincidence of the conditioned stimulus in time with the unconditioned one, for example, with food, is required. If reflexes have already been formed, that is, the food reaction in children opening the mouth and the separation of saliva appears after the onset of the action of the conditioned stimulus, then in order for them not to fade away, the action of the conditioned stimulus must be reinforced by giving some food substance, which causes child a series of chewing movements and increased salivation, unconditioned secretion of saliva. Thus, in our experiments, we have the opportunity to take into account the values ​​of both conditioned and unconditioned salivation and their relationship to each other. As is known, a conditioned secretory reaction is composed of several moments: the energy from a conditioned external stimulus is transformed into a nervous process of irritation, which captures a certain group of cells of a particular analyzer in the cerebral cortex. Then this irritation is carried out, apparently, to the food center and further to the centers of salivation, which cause the salivary glands to function. The intensity of conditioned salivation depends, therefore, on the excitability of the cells of the cerebral hemispheres and further on the food center. If the conditioned stimulus evokes a weak stimulus process in the corresponding part of the cortex, then it is clear that the conditioned secretion of saliva is also low. A decrease in the excitability of the food center also leads to a significant weakening of conditioned reflex activity.

Rapid synthesis and secretion of intestinal apolipoprotein A-IV after gastric fat loading in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. R1170-R1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Rodriguez ◽  
T. J. Kalogeris ◽  
X. L. Wang ◽  
R. Wolf ◽  
P. Tso
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Inhibit Food Intake ◽  
Rapid Stimulation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Distal Jejunum

To further investigate the possible role of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) in the short-term control of food intake, we examined the kinetics of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis and release into lymph and plasma after intragastric delivery of physiological amounts of lipid. Within 30 min of intragastric administration of 0.1 g of triglyceride, plasma and lymph levels of apo A-IV were similar to those produced by exogenous apo A-IV that inhibit food intake. Within 15 min, 5% of gastrically delivered radioactive lipid reached the distal small bowel and cecum; by 30 min radioactivity was evenly distributed throughout the small intestine, with 10-15% of the load in the distal gut. By 30 min, synthesis of apo A-IV was significantly stimulated in proximal and distal jejunum and distal ileum and remained elevated up to 4 h after the delivery of lipid. Our results indicate that the delivery of physiological amounts of lipid into the stomach produces a significant and rapid stimulation of apo A-IV secretion into lymph and plasma, together with a rapid delivery of lipid and increases in mucosal synthesis of apo A-IV along the entire length of the small intestine. The results support a possible role for apo A-IV in the short-term control of food intake and suggest a role for the entire gut in the integrative response of apo A-IV to a fat meal.

Age-dependent contextual effects on short-term active avoidance retention in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle S. Solheim ◽  
Julie G. Hensler ◽  
Norman E. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Age Dependent

The Response of Ruditapes philippinarum for Thermal Discharge

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Li Li Ding
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Avoidance Reaction ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Short Term

Experiment is applied in order to study the influence of thermal discharge to Ruditapes philippinarum. According to the result, if the water is 38.0, 40.0, 42.0 and 44.0°C, it die within 9.7,5.2,1.6 and 0.5 hours accordingly. Activity diminishes if the temperature of thermal shock is over 38.0°C, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the mortality will be. The average time of siphon retract is about 0.92 seconds when they live in 22.0°C,after the short-term thermal shock is over 35°C, the average time lasts more than 2 seconds. The 24 hours upper incipient lethal temperature(UILT50) to live is 39.21±1.023°C.And after immersing 45minutes in the raising water whose chlorine concentration is 0.52g/L and at 22.0°C, the mortality is 0 within 24 hours. However, it is very sensitive to chlorine, if the concentration at 0.052mg/L-0.072mg/L, it will start their avoidance reaction.

C-fos protooncogene expression in rat brain after long-term training of two-way active avoidance reaction

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Nikolaev ◽  
Tomasz Werka ◽  
Leszek Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Reaction
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