scholarly journals Modeling spinal cord injuries: advantages and disadvantages

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vissarionov ◽  
Timofey S. Rybinskikh ◽  
Marat S. Asadulaev ◽  
Nikita O. Khusainov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cord Injury

Background. Spinal cord injuries have diverse characteristics and associated traumatic changes; they are known as the most severe injuries of locomotorium. The creation of an optimal experimental model of spinal cord injuries using experimental animals, which would have similar changes in humans, is important to assess and analyze the pathological processes, as well as to develop complex treatment methods. Aim. This study aimed to analyze various experimental models of spinal cord injury using laboratory animals by assessing its advantages and disadvantages for further research and implementation in clinical practice. Materials and methods. A literature review was performed on the capabilities of experimental models of traumatic spinal cord injury in laboratory animals. A literature search was carried out using databases of PubMed, Science Direct, E-library, and Google Scholar for the period from 1981 to 2019; the keywords are shown below. In total, 105 foreign and 37 domestic articles were identified, 59 articles were analyzed after exclusion, and 75% of studies were published in the last 20 years. Results. The review of available experimental options of spinal cord injury in laboratory animals revealed that a generally accepted universal model is not yet established. The experimental animal models had characteristics that do not correspond to the same parameters in an actual clinical situation. Besides, some difficulties were encountered in the estimation of pathological processes of experimental animals, translations with clinical changes, and interpretations of achieved functional results in experimental animals, which complicated the application in clinical practice. Conclusion. Development of experimental models of spinal cord injury that can consider multifactorial aspects of the trauma process, including its biomechanics and time factor, is necessary.

scholarly journals Experimental Models of Spinal Cord Injury in Laboratory Rats

Acta Naturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Minakov ◽  
A. S. Chernov ◽  
D. S. Asutin ◽  
N. A. Konovalov ◽  
G. B. Telegin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cord Injury

Pathologies associated with spinal cord injury are some of the leading diseases in the world. The search for new therapeutic agents and 3D biodegradable materials for the recovery of spinal cord functions is a topical issue. In this review, we have summarized the literature data on the most common experimental models of spinal cord injury in laboratory rats and analyzed the experience of using 3D biodegradable materials (scaffolds) in experimental studies of spinal trauma. The advantages and disadvantages of the described models are systematically analyzed in this review.

scholarly journals Experimental Model of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in rats: management guidelines

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asdrubal Falavigna ◽  
Fernanda Cechetti ◽  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Leonardo Gilmone Ruschel ◽  
Grasiela Marcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Cord Injury

Surgical experiments with laboratory animals are necessary for medical research. These studies aim to clarify the mechanism of disease, investigate the action and efficacy of new drugs or biological markers, as well as develop and enhance new therapies and apply new techniques. Regarding the models of spinal cord injury (SCI), there are several different methods that address the handling of the animals, especially concerning the use of analgesics, antibiotics and pre- and postoperative management. The lack of uniformity and standardization among the studies does not allow the understanding of the model of SCI or the proper handling of the paraplegic animals, hampering the adequate interpretation and comparison of results. The goal of this study is to establish a standard protocol on the handling of animals subjected to experimental models of SCI.

scholarly journals Rat Spinal Cord Injury Experimental Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šulla ◽  
V. Balik ◽  
J. Petrovičová ◽  
V. Almášiová ◽  
K. Holovská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Trauma Model

Abstract Spinal cord injuries (SCI) with their tragic consequences belong to the most serious pathological conditions. That is why they have stimulated basic research workers, as well as health care practitioners, to search for an effective treatment for decades. Animal experimental models have been essential in these efforts. We have jointly decided to test and standardize one of the spinal cord injury compression models in rats. Twentythree adult female Wistar rats weighing 250-320 g were utilized. Employing general anaesthesia along with a mixture of sevoflurane with O2, 2 rats (sham controls) had their vertebral arch of either Th8 or Th9 vertebra removed (laminectomy). The other 21 experimental rats with similar laminectomies were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 7) which received compression impact forces of 30, 40 or 50 g (subgroups-1, -2, and -3, respectively) applied on their exposed spinal medulla for 15 minutes. All rats were observed for 28 days after the experimental procedure and their motor functions were assessed by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) test 6 hours, 7, 21 and 28 days after the simulated SCI. All 23 rats survived the surgical procedures. The control rats were without any neurological deficits. There were, in every experimental subgroup, 1 or 2 rats with extreme BBB scores. So the rats with the maximum and minimum BBB values were excluded. Then, the results acquired in the residual 5 rats in each group were averaged and statistically analysed by the Tukey multiple comparisons test. Statistically significant intersubgroup differences were found at all survival times equal to or longer than 7 post SCI days. The goal of the SCI experiment was to generate a reproducible and reliable, submaximal spinal cord trauma model. The statistical analyses demonstrated that this objective was best achieved in the subgroup-2 with the 40 g compression.

scholarly journals Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2110256
Author(s):  
Denisa Butnaru
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages: what role may they play in life after spinal cord injury?

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Leitner ◽  
Shawna McCallin ◽  
Thomas M. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
High Risk Populations

AbstractBacterial infections are the leading cause of death in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that solely infect and kill bacteria. The idea of using phages to treat bacterial infections, i.e., phage therapy, is very promising and potentially allows a more specific and personalized treatment of bacterial infections than antibiotics. While multi-drug resistant infections affect individuals from the general population, alternative therapeutic options are especially warranted in high-risk populations, such as individuals with SCI. However, more clinical data must be collected before phage therapy can be implemented in clinical practice, with numerous possible, subsequent applications.

Therapeutic trial of hypercarbia and hypocarbia in acute experimental spinal cord injury

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. J. Ford ◽  
David N. Malm
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Hypocarbia, normocarbia, or hypercarbia was maintained for an 8-hour period beginning 30 minutes after acute threshold spinal cord injuries in cats. No statistically significant differences in neurological recovery or histologically assessed tissue preservation were found among the three groups of animals 6 weeks after injury. No animal recovered the ability to walk. It is concluded that maintenance of hypercarbia or hypocarbia during the early postinjury period is no more therapeutic than maintenance of normocarbia. Mortality rates and tissue preservation data suggest, however, that postinjury hypocarbia may be less damaging than hypercarbia.

Neuropeptides in spinal cord injury: Comparative experimental models

Peptides ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan I. Faden ◽  
Thomas P. Jacobs ◽  
George P. Smith ◽  
Barth Green ◽  
Justin A. Zivin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cord Injury
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