scholarly journals Characteristic features of functional status of lymphocytes in premature newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
I. V. Maiden ◽  
E. M. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Small Lymphocyte ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

Aim. To characterize the functional properties of peripheral blood lymphocytes in association with peculiarities of the period of neonatal adaptation of premature newborns. Materials and methods. Sixty-one conditionally healthy premature infants with gestation period of 28-37 weeks and their mothers as well as 12 full-term newborns were examined. The functional status of small lymphocytes was assessed by the activity of chromatin of their nuclei. For this purpose, there were used cytochemical and fluorometric methods with acridine orange staining of the smears obtained from leukocytic suspension that was followed by measuring intensity of luminescence in the light wave diapason of 530-580 nm. The study was implemented thrice on the days 6th, 16th, and 26th of infants life. Results. During the neonatal period, premature infants demonstrated the growth of the absolute and relative number of lymphocytes. The mentioned indices have an inverse dependence on the period of gestation. Activity of chromatin of small lymphocyte nuclei in newborns is significantly higher than in adults. Its maximum values are registered in prematurely born infants. Newborn small lymphocytes are characterized by marked functional heterogeneity. Unfavorable course of neonatal period in these patients is accompanied by lower values of the absolute number of lymphocytes and activity of their nuclei chromatin. Conclusions. The index of activity of small lymphocyte nuclei chromatin can be used to predict the course of neonatal period in prematurely born infants.

scholarly journals About evaluation of nutritive state in premature infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
K. V. Dashichev ◽  
N. V. Olendar ◽  
T. G. Pukhova ◽  
E. P. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Neonatal Adaptation ◽  
Fetal Stage

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the energy balance of the newborn baby's body, is associated with protein stores, which allows us to consider its level as an indicator of nutritional status.Objective: to study the value of insulin-like growth factor 1 and basic nutrients in the blood in premature infants in the process of neonatal adaptation.Materials and methods. Dynamics blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 in premature newborns included two trends: decrease (1 group) and increase (2 group). During a pregnancy most mothers of newborns from 1 group had been nonspecific respiratory and urinary-sexual organs’sinfectious diseases, in mothers of newborns from 2 group prevailed disorders which carried high risk of fetal hypoxia. During a neonatal period blood levels of albumen of newborns from 1 group decreased and blood levels of glucose increased; blood levels of nutrients in newborns from 2 group did not change.Conclusions. Dynamics blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 in premature newborns are markers of metabolism’s processes which were originated in fetal stage and continue in the neonatal period.

scholarly journals THIAMINE DEFICIENCY IN EXTREMELY PREMATURE NEWBORNS

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
H. O. Ushakova ◽  
O. Z. Brazaluk ◽  
O. Yu. Yevstafieva
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Introduction. The critical state of extremely premature newborns is accompanied by significant oxidative stress, which leads to an increase in anaerobic metabolism; impaired oxygen utilization in mitochondrial oxidation may occur due to thiamine deficiency. The aim of the study – to learn the thiamine status of extremely premature new-borns in the neonatal period follow-up. Research Methods. The study involved 55 of premature newborns with birth weight less than 1000 g and 35 healthy full-term newborns. The indicated children’s blood tests were made in the first day of life and at the end of the neonatal period. The lactate and magnesium were determined by colorimetric method; the pyruvate content was determined enzymatically; the concentration of vitamin B1 was studied using a fluorimeter. Results and Discussion. In the first days of life, all premature infants have a significantly lower level of thiamine in the blood than the normal one, with the low limit of the norm of mature infants, due to the greatest intensity of adaptive reactions and the redistribution of nutrients in fasting. The deficiency of thiamine of extremely premature infants is accompanied by hypomagnesemia. The defining factor of thiamine deficiency of premature infants is morphofunctional immaturity. Deficiency of thiamine of premature infants is correlated with hyperlactatemia throughout the neonatal period. The metabolic features of an organism of a newborn with an extremely low birth weight reflect hypoxic disturbances (increased lactate and pyruvate level, changes in their ratio), which indicates the activation of glycolysis. The highest level of pyruvate was observed in premature infants in the first day of life and significantly exceeded the reference values with subsequent decrease during the first month of life, but remained beyond the norm, resulting in the development of secondary acidosis and persistent decrease in aerobic metabolism. Thiamine deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of suppression of the pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex, bypassing pyruvate towards lactate overproduction and the development of metabolic acidosis. Conclusion. Deficiency of thiamine in premature newborns may lead to a deeper critical condition.

LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATURE NEWBORNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1516
Author(s):  
Viktoria A. Petrashenko ◽  
Andrii M. Loboda ◽  
Olexandr I. Smiyan ◽  
Sergii V. Popov ◽  
Svetlana N. Kasyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Premature Children ◽  
Cns Lesions

Introduction: Fetal and neonatal hypoxia takes a special place among the damaging factors of central nervous system (CNS). All forms of oxygen deficiency are accompanied by the development of bioenergetic hypoxia, which leads to tension of metabolic processes of the organism. Metabolic effect of hypoxia includes stark reduce of mitochondrial activity due to a significant inhibition enzymes of the Krebs cycle: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In newborn babies is not always possible to objectively assess the condition of the CNS defeat, because very often the severity of lesions does not correspond to clinical symptoms, especially in premature newborns. So far determination the severity of hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions is still very actual in modern medicine. More objective method of such an assessment is determine the activity of neurospecific enolase (NSE). The aim of the paper is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of hypoxic CNS lesions in premature infants by determining the activity of NSE and study energy supply during the neonatal period. Materials and methods: The concentration of NSE, SDH and LDH were determined in 15 conventionally healthy preterm infants (CHPI), which made the comparison group, and 64 premature babies with hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions, which were divided into three groups: I group – 26 premature children with mild CNS lesions; II group – 20 premature children with severe hypoxic lesions and low birth weight; III group – 18 premature newborns with severe damage of central nervous system and extremely low birth weight. NSE activity was determined by enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company «Fujirebio» (Sweden) on an automatic analyzer «Multiscan Plus» company «Labsystems» (Finland). Material for investigation was peripheral venous blood of newborns, which collected by vein punction at morning on an empty stomach. Results and conclusions: Metabolic effect of hypoxia in premature infants manifested by severe inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory activity, which appears in the reduction of aerobic enzyme activity of SDH and activation serum LDH. During the neonatal period in infants with perinatal hypoxic- ischemic lesions of the CNS levels of the of NSE, SDH and LDG aren’t normalized, that indicated on energy deficiency and requires the development of effective methods of correcting this condition. Perinatal hypoxia in premature neonates causes significant alteration of neuronal membranes and increase concentration in blood such neurospecific protein as NSE, whose concentration correlates with the degree of severity of CNS injury.

A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Containing Parallel Tubular Arrays in Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalo-Virus Mononucleosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
C. M. Payne ◽  
P. M. Tennican
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tubular Arrays

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a sub-population of lymphocytes which is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified under the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubular-like inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) (Figure 1), and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTA (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein -Barr Virus mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. This data was then correlated with the clinical state of the patient.It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA- lymphocytes was highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count.In one patient who was followed for almost a year, the absolute PTA- lymphocyte count was consistently elevated (Figure 2). The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTA during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences.

Features of modern clinical research blood analysis in the assessment of erythropoiesis in deep-premature newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Galina Nikolaevna Kuzmenko ◽  
N. V. Kharlamova ◽  
S. B. Nazarov ◽  
E. A. Matveeva ◽  
Yu. A. Ivanenkova
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Premature Babies

One of the urgent problems of nursing premature babies is the timely prediction, diagnosis and treatment of anemia, the frequency of which reaches 90%. Of particular importance is the study of reticulocytic blood parameters in deep-premature newborns, since the correct assessment of hemograms is crucial in the management of this category of children. To determine the characteristics of red blood cells and reticulocyte parameters of venous blood hemogram in premature newborns 24-32 weeks of gestation in the dynamics of the neonatal period. 111 newborns were examined at 24-32 weeks of gestation in the early neonatal period (on day 3-7) and at the age of 1 month of life. Along with standard diagnostic procedures, in accordance with current clinical recommendations and standards, 28 parameters of erythrocyte and reticulocyte hemogram parameters were determined for children. Venous blood was examined using an automatic hematological analyzer ADVIA 2120i, Siemens, USA. In deep-premature newborns in the early neonatal period, there is a high activity of erythropoiesis, respectively, the severity of respiratory and metabolic disorders with rejuvenation of reticulocytic subpopulations. Negative values of Delta hemoglobin were found against the background of a decrease in the average amount of hemoglobin in reticulocytes in children 24-27 weeks of gestation, which characterizes the lowest values of iron availability for erythropoiesis in this category of newborns. It is shown that a decrease in reticulocyte counts and normochromia in all examined newborns by the age of one month are accompanied by high levels of immature reticulocyte fraction, while a third of children still have limited iron availability for erythropoiesis.

Limitations of Transcutaneous Po2 and Pco2 Monitoring in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Rome ◽  
Eileen K. Stork ◽  
Waldemar A. Carlo ◽  
Richard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Pco2 Monitoring ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Transcutaneous Po2

Despite the well-documented correlation between transcutaneous and arterial Po2 and Pco2 in sick neonates, the effect of maturation on this relationship has not been well characterized. Eight premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and indwelling arterial lines beyond the immediate neonatal period were studied. Transcutaneous Po2 always underestimated Pao2 beyond 10 weeks of postnatal life, such that transcutaneous Po2 - Pao2 was -16 ± 5 torr (P < .001). Corrected transcutaneous Pco2 simultaneously overestimated PaCo2 by 9 ± 3 torr (P < .001), although this occurred over a wider range of postnatal ages. Transcutaneous Po2 monitoring may be a useful tool for estimating Pao2 in this population, provided an appropriate correction is made beyond 10 weeks of age. It is suggested that caution be exercised when using transcutaneous Pco2 measurements to estimate absolute arterial values in older infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Experience ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

A RECENTLY conducted controlled clinical trial tested the effectiveness of Alevaire® mist as a prophylactic measure for premature infants. The results failed to support earlier reports which suggested that this compound was beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neonatal asphyxia among these newborns. As a result of the earlier suggestions this material has been widely used throughout the country during the past 2 to 3 years. However, the originally advanced proof of effectiveness rested upon comparisons with past experience or with current experience of other hospitals, or even upon pooled reports of individual case histories without planned control. The controlled trial was conducted over a 10-month period involving a total of 200 prematurely-born infants. There was no therapeutic benefit, as judged by a comparison of death rates and autopsy findings, that could be credited to Alevaire® mist therapy of premature infants in the first 3 days of life. It would be improper to extend the findings of the study by generalizing beyond the exact conditions specified.

ANALYSIS OF FETAL AND NEONATAL DEATHS IN 4117 CONSECUTIVE BIRTHS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
HERBERT C. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

An analysis of the significant causes of death in 4117 consecutive births was made; there were 66 fetal deaths and 85 neonatal deaths. A significant cause of death was determined in 51 fetuses and 56 live-born infants. Eighty-five per cent of the live-born infants who weighed over 1000 gm. at birth and had postmortem examinations had causes of death which were considered to be significant. Almost half of the live-born premature infants with birth weights between 1000 and 2500 gm. were considered to have had more than one significant cause of death. The so-called significant causes of death among live-born infants differed from those determined for fetuses dying before birth. Among the former, pathologic conditions in the infants were determined four times more frequently than in those dying before birth and, in the latter, maternal complications of pregnancy and labor were diagnosed as significant causes of death five times more frequently than in infants dying in the neonatal period. Hyaline-like material in the lung was considered to be the most frequent significant cause of death in live-born premature infants; congenital malformation and anoxia resulting from complications of labor were the most frequently determined significant causes of death in live-born full term infants. No differences were found in the significant causes of death in premature and full term fetuses. Anoxia resulting from accidental and unexpected interruption of the blood flow in the placenta and umbilical cord and from dystocia was the most frequently determined significant cause of death in both groups. A plea has been made for the adoption by obstetricians, pathologists and pediatricians of a formal uniform plan of classifying the causes of fetal and neonatal death which would divest current efforts to determine the cause of death of as much vague terminology and arbitrary opinion as possible.

The Discovery of Retrolental Fibroplasia and the Role of Oxygen: A Historical Review, 1942–1956

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reedy
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants ◽  
The U.S

Nearly 50 years after it was thought to be conquered, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to cause vision disturbances and blindness among prematurely born infants. During the 1940s and early 1950s, researchers and caregivers first identified and struggled to eliminate this problem, which seemed to come from nowhere and was concentrated among the most advanced premature nurseries in the U.S. Research studies initially identified many potential causes, none of which could be proved conclusively. By the mid-1950s, oxygen was identified as the culprit, and its use was immediately restricted. The rate of blindness among premature infants decreased significantly. ROP was not cured, however. By the 1960s, it had reappeared. The history of ROP serves to remind us that, despite our best intentions, the care and treatment of premature newborns will always carry with it the possibility of iatrogenic disease. This caution is worth remembering as we work to expand the quality and quantity of clinical research.

scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Premature Infants

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Rory J. Heath ◽  
Susanna Klevebro ◽  
Thomas R. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Infant Neurodevelopment ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

The N3 and N6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are essential for proper neurodevelopment in early life. These fatty acids are passed from mother to infant via the placenta, accreting into fetal tissues such as brain and adipose tissue. Placental transfer of LCPUFA is highest in the final trimester, but this transfer is abruptly severed with premature birth. As such, efforts have been made to supplement the post-natal feed of premature infants with LCPUFA to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. This narrative review analyzes the current body of evidence pertinent to neurodevelopmental outcomes after LCPUFA supplementation in prematurely born infants, which was identified via the reference lists of systematic and narrative reviews and PubMed search engine results. This review finds that, while the evidence is weakened by heterogeneity, it may be seen that feed comprising 0.3% DHA and 0.6% AA is associated with more positive neurodevelopmental outcomes than LCPUFA-deplete feed. While no new RCTs have been performed since the most recent Cochrane meta-analysis in 2016, this narrative review provides a wider commentary; the wider effects of LCPUFA supplementation in prematurely born infants, the physiology of LCPUFA accretion into preterm tissues, and the physiological effects of LCPUFA that affect neurodevelopment. We also discuss the roles of maternal LCPUFA status as a modifiable factor affecting the risk of preterm birth and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. To better understand the role of LCPUFAs in infant neurodevelopment, future study designs must consider absolute and relative availabilities of all LCPUFA species and incorporate the LCPUFA status of both mother and infant in pre- and postnatal periods.

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