scholarly journals Qualitative analysis of the nephrotoxicity of gold nanoparticles in case of enteral administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Veronika A. Lipatova ◽  
Veronika M. Botchey ◽  
Lyudmila A. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Individual Profiles

The experiments on animals show the different effects of gold nanoparticles. Gold particles of various sizes may have a variety of toxic effects on the tissues, and more damage is often produced by small nanoparticles. In this work histological and ultrastructural changes of renal parenchyma caused by enteric administration of gold nanoparticles of small sizes (2 nm) were studied used different concentrations of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles: 10 µg/ml; 50 μg/ml; 100 µg/ml in drinking water within 7, 14 and 28 days. There were 9 groups of animals (non-linear mice weighing 20-25 g) on different dates of the experiment, as well as 3 control groups of mice, respectively, each term of experiment. Histological and ultrastructural changes were detected in the material of all groups of experimental animals compared with control. In general all small focal alterations relate to a small number of vessels, individual profiles of tubules and single cells. Light microscopy analysis of the overall picture of integrity of renal parenchyma showed that the most pronounced changes are observed in the cortex of the organ. Medulla is less affected. It identifies, first of all, microvascular disorders, then the renal tubular epithelium changes and finally, a minor involvement of interstitial elements in the response. Tubules of nephrons compared with the renal corpuscles undergo more changes at all dose levels of exposure and in all periods under study. Signs of dystrophy and necrobiosis often relate to the cell cytoplasm and less of their nuclei. Evidence of microvessel disorders detected in the renal cortex is not dependent on the dose of administered nanoparticles already in the early stages of the experiment. Histological findings as a whole are confirmed by the presence of ultrastructure alterations, that points to the primacy of cell damage.

scholarly journals Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry of a Congenital Nephromegaly Demonstrate Concurrent Features of Heritable and Acquired Cystic Nephropathies in a Girgentana Goat (Capra falconeri)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christian Mayer ◽  
Steffen Ormanns ◽  
Monir Majzoub-Altweck
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
First Case ◽  
Renal Tubular

Polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) represent frequent congenital and adult nephropathies in humans and domestic animals. This report illustrates an uncommon state of congenital PKD in a girgentana goat (Capra falconeri). A stillborn female goat kid was submitted for postmortem examination and underwent macroscopic and microscopic examination. The kidneys showed a bilateral nephromegaly and a perpendicular polycystic altered texture of the renal parenchyma. Renal tissue sections were comprehensively investigated by histopathology (overview and special stains), immunohistochemistry (CD10, CD117, pan-cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, E-cadherin, Pax2, Pax8, and vimentin), and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). Histopathology of renal tissue sections revealed polycystic alterations of the renal parenchyma as well as conspicuous polypoid proliferates/projections of the renal tubular epithelium, which showed clear cell characteristics. Furthermore, epithelial projections were indicative for epithelio-mesenchymal-transition, cellular depolarization, and strong expression of differentiation markers Pax2, Pax8, and CD10. Ultrastructural morphology of the projections was characterized by numerous diffusely distributed, demarked round cytoplasmic structures and several apico-lateral differentiations. Additionally, hepatic malformations comprising biliary duct proliferation with saccular dilation and bridging fibrosis were observed. Notably, this report describes the first case of a congenital cystic nephropathy with overlapping features of heritable and acquired nephropathies in any species. Epithelio-mesenchymal-transition and altered cadherin expression seem to be crucial components of a suspected pathomechanism during cystogenesis.

Osteopontin expressed by renal tubular epithelium mediates interstitial monocyte infiltration in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. F110-F121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Okada ◽  
Kenshi Moriwaki ◽  
Raghuram Kalluri ◽  
Tsuneo Takenaka ◽  
Hiroe Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Goodpasture Syndrome ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Renal Tubular

In this study, we have shown that intravenously administered antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was demonstrated to be taken up by tubular epithelium, after which it blocked mRNA expression of target genes in normal and nephritic rats. Therefore, we injected osteopontin (OPN) antisense ODN to Goodpasture syndrome (GPS) rats every second day between days 27 and 35, the time when renal OPN expression increased and interstitial monocyte infiltration was aggravated. In parallel to blockade of tubular OPN expression, this treatment significantly attenuated monocyte infiltration and preserved renal plasma flow in GPS rats at day 37, compared with sense ODN-treated and untreated GPS rats. No significant changes were observed in OPN mRNA level by RT-PCR and histopathology of the glomeruli after ODN treatment, which was compatible with an absence of differences in the urinary protein excretion rate. In conclusion, OPN expressed by tubular epithelium played a pivotal role in mediating peritubular monocyte infiltration consequent to glomerular disease.

scholarly journals The intrinsic prostaglandin E2–EP4 system of the renal tubular epithelium limits the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Koh-ichi Yuhki ◽  
Jun-ichi Kawabe ◽  
Takayuki Fujino ◽  
Osamu Takahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular

scholarly journals Cystic Renal Neoplasia Following Conditional Inactivation of Apc in Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelium

2004 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. 3938-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Nan Qian ◽  
Jared Knol ◽  
Peter Igarashi ◽  
Fangming Lin ◽  
Uko Zylstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Conditional Inactivation ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Renal Neoplasia

Primary culture of secretagogue-responsive parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosa

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. G254-G263 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Chew ◽  
M. Ljungstrom ◽  
A. Smolka ◽  
M. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Morphological Transformations

A new procedure for isolation and primary culture of gastric parietal cells is described. Parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosa are enriched to greater than 95% purity by combining a Nycodenz gradient separation with centrifugal elutriation. Cells are plated on the basement membrane matrix, Matrigel, and maintained in culture for at least 1 wk. Parietal cells cultured in this manner remain differentiated, cross-react with monoclonal H+-K+-ATPase antibodies, and respond to histamine, gastrin, and cholinergic stimulation with increased acid production as measured by accumulation of the weak base, [14C]aminopyrine. When stimulated, cultured cells undergo ultrastructural changes in which intracellular canaliculi expand and numerous microvilli are observed. These ultrastructural changes are similar to those previously found to occur in vivo and in acutely isolated parietal cells. Morphological transformations in living cells can also be observed with differential interference contrast optics in the light microscope. After histamine stimulation, intracellular canaliculi gradually expand to form large vacuolar spaces. When the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, is added to histamine-stimulated cells, these vacuoles gradually disappear. The ability to maintain hormonally responsive parietal cells in primary culture should make it possible to study direct, long-term effects of a variety of agonists and antagonists on parietal cell secretory-related activity. These cultured cells should also prove to be useful for the study of calcium transients, ion fluxes, and intracellular pH as related to acid secretion in single cells, particularly since morphological transformations can be used to monitor "physiological" responses at the same time within the same cell.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Evidence for Direct Renal Infection with SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan A. Farkash ◽  
Allecia M. Wilson ◽  
Jeffrey M. Jentzen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Renal Infection

BackgroundA significant fraction of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) display abnormalities in renal function. Retrospective studies of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, report an incidence of 3%–7% progressing to ARF, a marker of poor prognosis. The cause of the renal failure in COVID-19 is unknown, but one hypothesized mechanism is direct renal infection by the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe performed an autopsy on a single patient who died of COVID-19 after open repair of an aortic dissection, complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and oliguric renal failure. We used light and electron microscopy to examine renal tissue for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 within renal cells.ResultsLight microscopy of proximal tubules showed geographic isometric vacuolization, corresponding to a focus of tubules with abundant intracellular viral arrays. Individual viruses averaged 76 µm in diameter and had an envelope studded with crown-like, electron-dense spikes. Vacuoles contained double-membrane vesicles suggestive of partially assembled virus.ConclusionsThe presence of viral particles in the renal tubular epithelium that were morphologically identical to SARS-CoV-2, and with viral arrays and other features of virus assembly, provide evidence of a productive direct infection of the kidney by SARS-CoV-2. This finding offers confirmatory evidence that direct renal infection occurs in the setting of AKI in COVID-19. However, the frequency and clinical significance of direct infection in COVID-19 is unclear. Tubular isometric vacuolization observed with light microscopy, which correlates with double-membrane vesicles containing vacuoles observed with electronic microscopy, may be a useful histologic marker for active SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney biopsy or autopsy specimens.

scholarly journals Transcellular Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes across the Renal Tubular Epithelium

1962 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Peña ◽  
Richard L. Malvin
Keyword(s):  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Proximal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Stop Flow ◽  
Transcellular Diffusion

The stop flow technique was used to investigate the permeability characteristics of the dog nephron to various C14-labeled non-electrolytes. 12 minutes after clamping the ureter, creatinine, PAH, and C14 compound were injected intravenously. 2 minutes later, urine samples were collected. Urea and glycerol were able to enter the tubular urine along the entire nephron at rates which were commensurate with their molecular weights. No significant movement of larger molecules (D-arabinose, D-glucose, and mannitol) could be detected. However, after administration of twenty units of pitressin, D-arabinose was able to diffuse across the distal and proximal tubular epithelium.

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