scholarly journals The status of autonomic nervous system and adaptation in infants with the different types of intrauterine growth restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry O Ivanov ◽  
Lyudmila V Kozlova ◽  
Vitaly V Derevtsov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status

The article presents the characteristics of the status of autonomic nervous system and adaptation in babies with the different types of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In infants the presence of symmetrical IUGR in comparison to asymmetrical IUGR is related to higher frequency of first- and second-degree cerebral ishaemia at birth and autonomic dysfunction starting from the second six months of life. Thus, babies with symmetrical IUGR display: lower sympathetic nervous system activity and depletion of adaptation reserves at the age of two-three days; higher sympathetic activity and strain on adaptation, high frequency of asympathicotonic responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system at the age of one month; higher sympathetic activity and higher frequency of adaptation strain with the prevalence of adaptation failure at the age of three months; lower sympathetic activity and higher frequency of asympathicotonic autonomic responsiveness at the age of six months; higher sympathetic activity and strain on compensatory reserves, higher frequency of asympathicotonic autonomic responsiveness and adaptation dysfunction with the prevalence of unsatisfactory adaptation at the age of 12 months. The proven facts should lead neonatologists and pediatricians to specifically monitor infants having had intrauterine growth restriction in their past medical history, especially those who have suffered from symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction, and to take preventive measures against autonomic dysfunction in the first six months of life of such infants and curative measures starting with non-pharmacologic ones or with a sparing use of drugs in the second six months of life. At the same time, infants having had asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction demand special attention during the neonatal period and at the age of twelve months.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fetal Autonomic Nervous System Activity by Fetal Magnetocardiography: Comparison of Normal Pregnancy and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akimune Fukushima ◽  
Kenji Nakai ◽  
Tomonobu Kanasugi ◽  
Miyuki Terata ◽  
Toru Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Fetal Magnetocardiography

Objective. To clarify the developmental activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the normal fetus and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) cases using fetal magnetocardiography (FMCG).Subjects and Methods. Normal pregnancy (n=35) and IUGR (n=12) cases at 28–39 and 32–37 weeks of gestation, respectively, were included in this study. The R-R interval variability was used to calculate the coefficient of variance (CVRR) and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio.Results. The value ofCVRRin the normal pregnancy group displayed a slight increasing trend with gestational age. However, no such trend was observed in the IUGR group. In contrast, the LF/HF ratio in both the normal pregnancy group and the IUGR group clearly increased over the gestational period; the normal group showing statistical significance.Conclusion. The development of fetal ANS activity in IUGR cases might differ from that observed in the normal pregnancy group, and this may facilitate early detection of IUGR.

scholarly journals A35 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION, COLONIC DYSMOTILITY AND ABSENT DEFECATION REFLEXES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC REFRACTORY CONSTIPATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 276-278
Author(s):  
L Liu ◽  
N Milkova ◽  
M Ali ◽  
K Sharma ◽  
J D Huizinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Colonic Manometry

Abstract Background A defecation reflex involves sensory information from the colon sent to the central nervous system which results in propulsive motor patterns in the colon through programmed neural activity from the autonomic nervous system. Neurological causes of constipation are recognized but specific neurological pathways that contribute to pathophysiology of the disease is underexplored. Diagnosis and treatment usually do not involve the autonomic nervous system. Aims Our objective was to assess autonomic dysfunction and abnormal defecation reflexes as a possible cause of chronic constipation. Methods Defecation reflexes were assessed by high-resolution colonic manometry through balloon distention, meal intake, and rectal bisacodyl. Specific heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were used to assess general orthostatic autonomic reactivity, and autonomic functioning during high resolution colonic manometry, in 14 patients with chronic refractory constipation considered for surgery. Results All patients had a unique combination of motility, reflex ability and HRV profiles. Patients overall did not generate HAPWs or had lower HAPW amplitude and lower propulsive activity compared to healthy individuals. Half of the 14 patients were tested to have high sympathetic tone based on Baevsky’s stress index prior to HRCM, and 11 of the patients had sympathetic hyper-reactivity and/or low parasympathetic reactivity to at least one type of colonic stimulation during HRCM. Abnormal autonomic tone or autonomic reactivity to colonic stimulation was present in all four patients with absence of the vagosacral defecation reflex. Five of the seven patients with absence of the sacral defecation reflex showed high sympathetic tone or high sympathetic reactivity to stimulation. Only two patients had abnormality in coloanal coordination and this was associated with low parasympathetic reactivity to stimulation in both patients. Conclusions The assumption that colonic resection was needed to remove an inert colon was wrong in most patients, but most patients had some form of reflex abnormality. Sympathetic dominance far outweighed parasympathetic dysfunction. Incorporation of assessments of defecation reflexes and autonomic nervous system activity into diagnosis of chronic refractory constipation provides a comprehensive pathophysiological understanding of specific defective neurological pathways contributing to dysmotility. This forms the basis for our individualized treatment efforts through sacral neuromodulation. Funding Agencies CIHR

Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eco de Geus ◽  
Rene van Lien ◽  
Melanie Neijts ◽  
Gonneke Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Physiology of nostril breathing exercises and its probable relation with nostril and cerebral dominance: A theoretical research on literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Upadhyay-Dhungel ◽  
A Sohal
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Probable Relation

This article discuss about scientific basis of benefits of practicing slow pranayama, especially alternate nostril breathing pranayama. It explains the basis of benefit of alternate nostril breathing exercises and its probable relation with nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic nervous system. The airflow through one nostril is greater than next at any point of time which later switches to another. This is called nasal cycle. The nasal cycle lasts from 30 minutes to 2-3 hours. The nasal cycle occurs naturally. This nasal cycle is related with the cerebral dominance. When one nostril is dominant, the contra lateral hemisphere is active. The right nostril breathing leads to increased sympathetic activity while left nostril breathing decreases sympathetic activity and increases parasympathetic tone. So it has been speculated that these three phenomenon viz. nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic activities are correlated. This review also suggests that practicing alternate nostril breathing (Nadisodhan pranayma) regularly keeps the two hemispheres active and balances the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities in the body. Sympathetic or parasympathetic activity alternates automatically in our body which is important for our survival. Due to our hectic and stressful life, this naturally occurring alternate breathing cycle gets disrupted and we suffer from different ailments. These ailments are due to imbalance of autonomic nervous system which can be resolved by practicing alternate nostril breathing, the Nadisodhan pranayama. It’s just like returning back to nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7885 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):38-47

scholarly journals Autonomic nervous system evaluation in Type 2 diabetic patients and effect of its duration

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
DB Karki ◽  
S Acharya ◽  
P Shrestha ◽  
S Pant ◽  
A Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is common in diabetic patients. Presence of autonomic dysfunction should alert the physicians of its serious consequences that require timely preventive measures. Objectives: This study was done to fi nd out the autonomic nervous system involvement in Type 2 diabetic patients and to see its relation with the duration of diabetes. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. All consecutive diabetic patients of both genders attending Kathmandu Medical College and a private clinic, Temple of Healing were included. A battery of six well validated and accepted autonomic nervous system evaluation tests were done to evaluate the autonomic function in 245 Type 2 diabetic patients. Results: Prevalence of autonomic dysfunction was found to be 71.02% with 58.78% patients having mild autonomic dysfunction and 12.24% having moderate dysfunction. Severe autonomic dysfunction was detected in none of the patients. Parasympathetic dysfunction was much more common than sympathetic dysfunction (68.16% vs. 17.96%). No association was found between autonomic dysfunction and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction is very common in diabetics and can be detected by simple tests. Timely detection of autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients is advised so that its preventive measures can be effective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8142 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct.-Dec., 2012: 77-83

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences on Cardiac Rhythms and Autonomic Nervous System Responses During a High-Altitude Trek: A Pilot Study Comparing Italian Trekkers to Nepalese Porters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittore Verratti ◽  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Danilo Bondi ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Claudio Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure

Altitude hypoxia exposure results in increased sympathetic activity and heart rate due to several mechanisms. Recent studies have contested the validity of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis on sympathetic activity measurement. But the plethora of HRV metrics may provide meaningful insights, particularly if linked with cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system parameters. However, the population-specific nature of HRV and cardiorespiratory response to altitude hypoxia are still missing. Six Italian trekkers and six Nepalese porters completed 300 km of a Himalayan trek. The ECG analysis was conducted at baseline, and before (bBC) and after (aBC) the high-altitude (HA) circuit. Urine was collected before and after the expedition in Italians, for assessing catecholamines. Heart rate increased with altitude significantly (p < 0.001) in the Italian group; systolic (p = 0.030) and diastolic (p = 0.012) blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.004) increased with altitude. Instead, pulse pressure did not change, although the Nepalese group showed lower baseline values than the Italians. As expected, peripheral oxygen saturation decreased with altitude (p < 0.001), independently of the ethnic groups. Nepalese had a higher respiratory rate (p = 0.007), independent of altitude. The cardiac vagal index increased at altitude, from baseline to bBC (p = 0.008). Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) showed higher basal values in the Nepalese group (p = 0.041), and a tendency for the highest values at bBC. Regarding the urinary catecholamine response, exposure to HA increased urinary levels, particularly of norepinephrine (p = 0.005, d = 1.623). Our findings suggest a better cardiovascular resilience of the Nepalese group when compared with Italians, which might be due to an intrinsic adaptation to HA, resulting from their job.

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