Consensus “Cystic Fibrosis: definition, diagnostic criteria, treatment” Section “Microbiology and Epidemiology of chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis”

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Igor A Shaginyan ◽  
Marina Yu Chernukha ◽  
Nikolay I Kapranov ◽  
Elena I Kondratyeva ◽  
Nataliya Yu Kashirskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Atypical Phenotype

The main causative agents of lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and H. influenzae. In the last decade, gram-negative nonfermentative microorganisms (NFMO) - Вurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, fungi of the genus Aspergillus have acquired the clinical significance. It is found that the chronic lung infection in 2/3 of the cases caused by association of microorganisms. Among hospitalized patients, in contrast to outpatients, these associations are represented by two, three or more species of microorganisms. The associations of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus (18,2 %) and P. aeruginosa + Bcc (9,1 %) are the most common. Other representatives - A. xylosoxidans, S. maltophilia and A. baumanii - is often identified in the associations of microorganisms. The focuses of chronic lung infections are formed in patients with increasing age. The dominant pathogens are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The methicillinresistant staphylococci and P. aeruginosa strains with a mucoid phenotype are of particular importance for cystic fibrosis patients. Bcc isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Russia often belong to genomovar III A-B. cenocepacia. The Bcc strains colonize the lower airways of patients with CF and are able for long-term persistence and transmission from patient to patient. The resistance to many antibiotics is the main feature of the P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Bcc strains. The strains of microorganisms with atypical phenotype (small colony variants) are formed under the action of the antibiotic. Infections caused by Bcc and other NFMO are difficult to identify and we need to use a wide range of bacteriological, biochemical, molecular biological techniques and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Mobilome Analysis of Achromobacter spp. Isolates from Chronic and Occasional Lung Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Laura Veschetti ◽  
Angela Sandri ◽  
Cristina Patuzzo ◽  
Paola Melotti ◽  
Giovanni Malerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Pathogenic Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Lung Infections

Achromobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although a variety of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified in clinical isolates, little is known about the contribution of Achromobacter spp. mobilome to its pathogenicity. To provide new insights, we performed bioinformatic analyses of 54 whole genome sequences and investigated the presence of phages, insertion sequences (ISs), and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Most of the detected phages were previously described in other pathogens and carried type II toxin-antitoxin systems as well as other pathogenic genes. Interestingly, the partial sequence of phage Bcep176 was found in all the analyzed Achromobacter xylosoxidans genome sequences, suggesting the integration of this phage in an ancestor strain. A wide variety of IS was also identified either inside of or in proximity to pathogenicity islands. Finally, ICEs carrying pathogenic genes were found to be widespread among our isolates and seemed to be involved in transfer events within the CF lung. These results highlight the contribution of MGEs to the pathogenicity of Achromobacter species, their potential to become antimicrobial targets, and the need for further studies to better elucidate their clinical impact.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA80 is a cystic fibrosis isolate deficient in RhlRI quorum sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed A. K. Shifat Ahmed ◽  
Michelle Rudden ◽  
Sabrina M. Elias ◽  
Thomas J. Smyth ◽  
Roger Marchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to modulate the expression of several virulence factors that enable it to establish severe infections. The QS system in P. aeruginosa is complex, intricate and is dominated by two main N-acyl-homoserine lactone circuits, LasRI and RhlRI. These two QS systems work in a hierarchical fashion with LasRI at the top, directly regulating RhlRI. Together these QS circuits regulate several virulence associated genes, metabolites, and enzymes in P. aeruginosa. Paradoxically, LasR mutants are frequently isolated from chronic P. aeruginosa infections, typically among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This suggests P. aeruginosa can undergo significant evolutionary pathoadaptation to persist in long term chronic infections. In contrast, mutations in the RhlRI system are less common. Here, we have isolated a clinical strain of P. aeruginosa from a CF patient that has deleted the transcriptional regulator RhlR entirely. Whole genome sequencing shows the rhlR locus is deleted in PA80 alongside a few non-synonymous mutations in virulence factors including protease lasA and rhamnolipid rhlA, rhlB, rhlC. Importantly we did not observe any mutations in the LasRI QS system. PA80 does not appear to have an accumulation of mutations typically associated with several hallmark pathoadaptive genes (i.e., mexT, mucA, algR, rpoN, exsS, ampR). Whole genome comparisons show that P. aeruginosa strain PA80 is closely related to the hypervirulent Liverpool epidemic strain (LES) LESB58. PA80 also contains several genomic islands (GI’s) encoding virulence and/or resistance determinants homologous to LESB58. To further understand the effect of these mutations in PA80 QS regulatory and virulence associated genes, we compared transcriptional expression of genes and phenotypic effects with isogenic mutants in the genetic reference strain PAO1. In PAO1, we show that deletion of rhlR has a much more significant impact on the expression of a wide range of virulence associated factors rather than deletion of lasR. In PA80, no QS regulatory genes were expressed, which we attribute to the inactivation of the RhlRI QS system by deletion of rhlR and mutation of rhlI. This study demonstrates that inactivation of the LasRI system does not impact RhlRI regulated virulence factors. PA80 has bypassed the common pathoadaptive mutations observed in LasR by targeting the RhlRI system. This suggests that RhlRI is a significant target for the long-term persistence of P. aeruginosa in chronic CF patients. This raises important questions in targeting QS systems for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Lytic activity by temperate phages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in long-term cystic fibrosis chronic lung infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe E James ◽  
Emily V Davies ◽  
Joanne L Fothergill ◽  
Martin J Walshaw ◽  
Colin M Beale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Lung Infections

Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (9) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hoyle ◽  
P. Zhvaniya ◽  
N. Balarjishvili ◽  
D. Bolkvadze ◽  
L. Nadareishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

scholarly journals Is the Potable Water System an Advantageous Preinfection Niche for Bacteria Colonizing the Cystic Fibrosis Lung?

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Wargo
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Successful Colonization

ABSTRACTPeople with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to lung infections from a variety of bacteria, a number of which also reside in the potable water system, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Achromobacter xylosoxidans,Burkholderia cepaciacomplex, and nontuberculosisMycobacteria. Here, I propose chemical and physical aspects of the potable water system along with bacterial lifestyle strategies in this system that may enhance successful colonization of cystic fibrosis lungs by these bacteria, including iron and copper levels, lipids, and low growth rates within low-oxygen biofilms.

scholarly journals Highly adherent small-colony variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Häußler ◽  
Isabell Ziegler ◽  
Alexandra Löttel ◽  
Franz v. Götz ◽  
Manfred Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Twitching Motility ◽  
Small Colony Variants ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen and ubiquitous environmental bacterium, is capable of forming specialized bacterial communities, referred to as biofilm. The results of this study demonstrate that the unique environment of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung seems to select for a subgroup of autoaggregative and hyperpiliated P. aeruginosa small-colony variants (SCVs). These morphotypes showed increased fitness under stationary growth conditions in comparison with clonal wild-types and fast-growing revertants isolated from the SCV population in vitro. In accordance with the SCVs being hyperpiliated, they exhibited increased twitching motility and capacity for biofilm formation. In addition, the SCVs attached strongly to the pneumocytic cell line A549. The emergence of these highly adherent SCVs within the CF lung might play a key role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa lung infection, where a biofilm mode of growth is thought to be responsible for persistent infection.

Unorthodox long-term aerosolized ampicillin use for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus lung infection in a cystic fibrosis patient

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Máiz ◽  
Adelaida Lamas ◽  
Ana Fernández-Olmos ◽  
Lucrecia Suárez ◽  
Rafael Cantón
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Patient ◽  
Lung Infection

scholarly journals Lack of Association of Small-Colony-Variant Staphylococcus aureus Strains with Long-Term Use of Azithromycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis : Table 1.

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2772-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Green ◽  
Jane L. Burns ◽  
Nicole Mayer-Hamblett ◽  
Margaret Kloster ◽  
Larry C. Lands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Small Colony
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