Interim results of neuropsychological analysis of the development of children with perinatal risks

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Germanovna Goryacheva ◽  
Mariya Sergeyevna Misochenko
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
Memory Dynamic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Attention Fatigue ◽  
Perinatal Risks ◽  
Hemispheric Interaction

This article presents a brief description of the normative mental development of the elder preschool children: features hemispheric interaction between the cerebral hemispheres, dynamic, spatial and motor praxis, memory, visual-objective, visual-spatial and acoustic-verbal gnosis and originality of speech, thought and attention. Besides, this article illuminates analysis of the interim data obtained in the course of neuropsychological investigation of cerebral organization of mental functions among preschoolers whose mothers have an anamnesis of various risk factors of perinatal pathology of the fetus. The analysis of the data illustrates that very often agenda had difficulties in carrying out tests for visual gnosis, audio-verbal memory, dynamic and spatial praxis. Also it was hard for children to compile stories for narrative paintings and series of narrative pictures. Besides, it was recorded that the majority of children have shown attention fatigue and instability of attention and the high level of exhaustion. So the interim results received on this level of experimental research illustrate the existence of tendency of defection in the process of formation of high psychic functions among children with different risk of development of perinatal pathology in their anamnesis. But in the cause of the insufficiency of experimental data it is to early to make strict conclusions concerning the concrete consequences of the different perinatal risks for brain organization of child’s psychic activity.

Neuropsychological functioning as a predictor of employment activity in a longitudinal study of HIV-infected adults contemplating workforce reentry

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. CHERNOFF ◽  
DAVID J. MARTIN ◽  
DARYL A. SCHROCK ◽  
MELISSA P. HUY
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Visual Spatial

AbstractCognitive deficits are associated with HIV disease, and HIV-related cognitive deficits have been associated with declines in everyday functioning and vocational status. We administered a baseline neuropsychological (NP) test battery designed to assess estimated full-scale IQ, achievement, attention/concentration, executive function, language, mental speed, motor function, nonverbal memory, verbal memory, and visual-spatial function to a sample of 174 disabled, HIV-positive individuals enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial of a vocational-rehabilitation program. We then used these NP scores to predict employment at the end of participants’ study participation, using both hierarchical multiple regression and ordinal logistic regression models. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses did not predict participants’ employment activities at the end of study participation. In the ordinal logistic regression model, executive functioning weakly predicted employment status at the end of study participation and inspection of the predicted classifications revealed that 63% of the participants were incorrectly classified using this model. These results suggest that although predicting workforce reentry from NP testing may be statistically significant, NP testing may be of limited clinical value for informing the workforce reentry of disabled people with HIV who are interested in returning to work. (JINS, 2010, 16, 38–48.)

scholarly journals Smell-Based Memory Training: Evidence of Olfactory Learning and Transfer to the Visual Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-600
Author(s):  
Jonas K Olofsson ◽  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Joanna Lindström ◽  
Elmeri Syrjänen ◽  
Anna Stigsdotter-Neely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
Olfactory Training

Abstract Human and non-human animal research converge to suggest that the sense of smell, olfaction, has a high level of plasticity and is intimately associated with visual-spatial orientation and memory encoding networks. We investigated whether olfactory memory (OM) training would lead to transfer to an untrained visual memory (VM) task, as well as untrained olfactory tasks. We devised a memory intervention to compare transfer effects generated by olfactory and non-olfactory (visual) memory training. Adult participants were randomly assigned to daily memory training for about 40 days with either olfactory or visual tasks that had a similar difficulty level. Results showed that while visual training did not produce transfer to the OM task, olfactory training produced transfer to the untrained VM task. Olfactory training also improved participants’ performance on odor discrimination and naming tasks, such that they reached the same performance level as a high-performing group of wine professionals. Our results indicate that the olfactory system is highly responsive to training, and we speculate that the sense of smell may facilitate transfer of learning to other sensory domains. Further research is however needed in order to replicate and extend our findings.

Impairment in visual–spatial function in catatonia: a neuropsychological investigation

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Northoff ◽  
D Nagel ◽  
P Danos ◽  
A Leschinger ◽  
J Lerche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Spatial Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation

Spatial Scale and Saccade Programming

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Findlay ◽  
Iain D Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Fast Processing ◽  
Saccade Programming ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The global effect in eye orienting occurs when saccades land at the ‘centre of gravity’ of a target stimulus configuration. Short-latency saccades are particularly prone to this effect whereas longer-latency saccades may show more influence of fine detail. Alternative explanations of these effects are considered and data are presented from an experiment in which the influence of different stimulus features on the global effect in a search task was examined. The effect shows a substantially different time course for target-distractor combinations differing in contrast polarity (black vs white) than for combinations differing in shape (circle vs square). It is concluded that the global effect cannot be explained either as a high-level strategic effect or as an effect of automatic fast processing of low-spatial-frequency information in early sensory channels. Instead it is suggested that the visual-spatial-integration characteristic of the global effect is an integral and unavoidable part of the process of selection of saccadic response.

Early effect of thalamotomy on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Gorzelańczyk ◽  
Dorota Ackermann-Szulgit ◽  
Marek Kunc ◽  
Marek Harat ◽  
Piotr Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract Thalamotomy is a neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of our research is to evaluate the early impact of a lesion in the ventrointermedial nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus on cognitive and motor function in people with PD. Sixty patients who qualified for right- or left-sided VIM thalamotomy were involved in the study. The cognitive and motor functions of each patient were assessed both prior to and following the surgical procedure. Twenty-nine PD patients without ablative treatment were qualified for the comparison group, and 57 neurologically healthy individuals were assigned to the control group. The following tests were carried out: Mini Mental State Examination, Benton Visual Retention Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, Trail Making Test A&B, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistically significant differences were found in reaction time, visual-spatial working memory, auditory-verbal memory, and overall level of cognitive function when comparing the results of tests carried out before and after thalamotomy and when comparing patients who had undergone surgery with untreated or healthy individuals. In patients with right-sided and left-sided thalamotomy differences were also found in the mean number of perseverative errors and recalled words.

scholarly journals Compression of Cerebellar Functional Gradients in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debo Dong ◽  
Cheng Luo ◽  
Xavier Guell ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Hui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Abnormal Motor

Abstract Our understanding of cerebellar involvement in brain disorders has evolved from motor processing to high-level cognitive and affective processing. Recent neuroscience progress has highlighted hierarchy as a fundamental principle for the brain organization. Despite substantial research on cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia, there is a need to establish a neurobiological framework to better understand the co-occurrence and interaction of low- and high-level functional abnormalities of cerebellum in schizophrenia. To help to establish such a framework, we investigated the abnormalities in the distribution of sensorimotor-supramodal hierarchical processing topography in the cerebellum and cerebellar-cerebral circuits in schizophrenia using a novel gradient-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analysis (96 patients with schizophrenia vs 120 healthy controls). We found schizophrenia patients showed a compression of the principal motor-to-supramodal gradient. Specifically, there were increased gradient values in sensorimotor regions and decreased gradient values in supramodal regions, resulting in a shorter distance (compression) between the sensorimotor and supramodal poles of this gradient. This pattern was observed in intra-cerebellar, cerebellar-cerebral, and cerebral-cerebellar FC. Further investigation revealed hyper-connectivity between sensorimotor and cognition areas within cerebellum, between cerebellar sensorimotor and cerebral cognition areas, and between cerebellar cognition and cerebral sensorimotor areas, possibly contributing to the observed compressed pattern. These findings present a novel mechanism that may underlie the co-occurrence and interaction of low- and high-level functional abnormalities of cerebellar and cerebro-cerebellar circuits in schizophrenia. Within this framework of abnormal motor-to-supramodal organization, a cascade of impairments stemming from disrupted low-level sensorimotor system may in part account for high-level cognitive cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Visual Hallucination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Pei Chang ◽  
Yuan-Han Yang ◽  
Chiou-Lian Lai ◽  
Li-Min Liou
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
The Mean

Using neuropsychological investigation and visual event-related potentials (ERPs), we aimed to compare the ERPs and cognitive function of nondemented Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with and without visual hallucinations (VHs) and of control subjects. We recruited 12 PD patients with VHs (PD-H), 23 PD patients without VHs (PD-NH), and 18 age-matched controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and visual ERPs measurement. A visual odd-ball paradigm with two different fixed interstimulus intervals (ISI) (1600 ms and 5000 ms) elicited visual ERPs. The frontal test battery was used to assess attention, visual-spatial function, verbal fluency, memory, higher executive function, and motor programming. The PD-H patients had significant cognitive dysfunction in several domains, compared to the PD-NH patients and controls. The mean P3 latency with ISI of 1600 ms in PD-H patients was significantly longer than that in controls. Logistic regression disclosed UPDRS-on score and P3 latency as significant predictors of VH. Our findings suggest that nondemented PD-H patients have worse cognitive function and P3 measurements. The development of VHs in nondemented PD patients might be implicated in executive dysfunction with altered visual information processing.

Learning and Memory in Adolescents With Critical Biventricular Congenital Heart Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Cassidy ◽  
Jane W. Newburger ◽  
David C. Bellinger
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Visual Spatial

AbstractObjectives: Although evidence exists of broadly defined memory impairment among adolescents with critical congenital heart disease (CHD), nuanced investigations of declarative memory in this at-risk population have not been conducted. This study had two primary aims: (1) to conduct a fine-grained analysis of a range of relevant learning and memory processes in adolescents with critical biventricular CHD, and (2) to identify risk, odds, and predictors of memory impairment. Methods: Data were combined from two single-center studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in critical CHD. Two-hundred seven adolescents (Mage=15.61±1.0 years) with critical CHD (139 with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and 68 with tetralogy of Fallot without an identified genetic condition), as well as 61 healthy referents (Mage=15.27±1.1 years) completed a neuropsychological evaluation which included the Children’s Memory Scale. Results: Whereas visual-spatial memory deficits were found in both CHD subgroups, verbal memory abilities were relatively preserved. Adolescents with CHD demonstrated stronger memory for Stories than Word Pairs, t (203)=2.63, p=.009, and for Dot Locations than Faces, t(204)=−2.57, p=.01. CHD subgroup, socioeconomic status, sex, and seizure history were among the most frequent significant predictors of memory impairment. Seizure history, in particular, was associated with a 2 to 3 times greater odds of impaired performance on learning and memory tasks. Conclusions: Adolescents with critical biventricular CHD are at risk for deficits in aspects of declarative memory. Independent risk factors for worse outcome include history of seizures. (JINS, 2017, 23, 627–639)

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