Sonographic examination of peripheral nerve injuries at the hands of children

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Marina Nikolayevna Romanova ◽  
Nikolay Grigoryevich Zhila ◽  
Yelena Vladimirovna Sinelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Improve Patient

Ultrasound imaging of peripheral nerves can accurately determine the level of damage, and also to assess the extent of damage to the structure of the nerve fiber. Early detection of the type of damage can significantly improve patient outcomes.

Thermographic presentation of cutaneous sensory and vasomotor activity in the injured peripheral nerve

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Brelsford ◽  
Sumio Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vasomotor Activity ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Impaired function of cutaneous segments of monkey peripheral nerves experimentally blocked by lidocaine anesthesia was clearly visualized by means of elevated temperature measurements obtained on computerized color telethermography. Mean temperature elevations in the segments of anesthetized primate nerves were 2.40°C at the ulnar segment 17 minutes after nerve block, and 1.20°C at the peroneal nerve at 20 minutes. The vasomotor activity of specific nerves, recorded after local anesthesia and displayed by color telethermographic imaging, corresponded to the distribution of sensory segments identified by more cumbersome means. Telethermography is therefore shown to be a useful tool, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in mapping cutaneous distribution of peripheral nerves and for evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries.

scholarly journals Microsurgery of peripheral nerve injuries: Analysis of twenty-five year experiences

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Miroslav Samardzic
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Factors Influencing

Microsurgical procedures on injured peripheral nerves have been performed in Institute of neurosurgery in Belgrade for twenty-five years. During this period 1284 procedures, including 1029 on peripheral nerves, and 255 on brachial plexus were done. In this paper we analyze surgical results of individual procedures and the other factors influencing the outcome. Despite advances caused by introduction of the operating microscope, there are numerous controversies mainly in microsurgical technique that are discussed.

scholarly journals End-to-side neurorrhaphy: expectations and reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
A Yu Nisht ◽  
N F Fomin ◽  
V S Chirsky
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients

An increasing number of injuries with damage of peripheral nerves, including a substantial number of injuries with extensive defects of large nerve trunks, requires improvement in approach to surgical treatment of patients. High-energy impact injuries in peacetime and wartime often lead to persistent violations of musculoskeletal apparatus, a significant part of which is due to injuries of peripheral nerves. During peacetime, various types of peripheral nerve injuries occur in 2-6% of trauma patients. In today’s armed conflicts, various types of peripheral nerve injuries occur in nearly 80% of neurosurgical patients and are mostly of combined injury. Improvements in surgical methods of recovery of lost innervation due to an injury are directly associated with the development of fundamental understanding of the nature of occurring degenerative and regenerative processes in damaged nerve fiber. Nerve suture is only the creation of appropriate conditions that contribute to regeneration of nerve fibers and recovery of lost functions. When extensive defects of nerve trunks exist, connection of distal part damaged nerve with side surface of the intact nerve is the alternative to traditional replacement of extensive defects with nerve grafts. Positive outcomes of such interventions that were seen during tests on laboratory animals led to trials of this method on patients and resulted in a number of positive outcomes as well. Despite the fact that the question of morphological substantiation of reinnervation processes of the distal portion of a damaged nerve is the cause of heated disputes among scientists, some surgeons make attempts to define a set of specific conditions needed to justify the use of end-to-side neurorrhaphy.

Peripheral Nerve Injuries- An Analysis of 75 Cases

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Owais Habib ◽  
Adil Hafeez ◽  
Abdul Rashid Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Injured Nerve ◽  
Neural Damage ◽  
Civilian Practice

Background: Peripheral neural trauma is a common injury seen both in civilian practice and warfare.Majority of such neural damage is caused by glass cut. The agent causes extnesive damage to te underlying structures from an apparantly looking small incised wound.Material and Method: We explored the wonds of 75 patients under anaesthesia to look for injury to the underlying peripheral nerves. Upon identifying the injured nerve, primary repair using epineural microsurgical technique was carried out using very fine sutures and micro- instruments. The patients were followed sequentailly in the post operative period.Conclusion:When such a protocol was adhered to, the results of nerve repair were excellent in majority of the patients. J Med Sci 2010;13(1):7-10

scholarly journals Nerve grafting in peripheral nerve injuries

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Danica Grujicic ◽  
Miroslav Samardzic ◽  
Lukas Rasulic ◽  
Dragan Savic ◽  
Irena Cvrkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Nerve Recovery

Autologous nerve grafting is the most commnly used operative technique in delayed primary, or secondary nerve repair after the peripheral nerve injuries. The aim of this procedure is to overcome nerve gaps that results from the injury itself, fibrous and elastic retraction forces, resection of the damaged parts of the nerve, position of the articulations and mobilisation of the nerve. In this study we analyse the results of operated patients with transections and lacerations of the peripheral nerves from 1979 to 2000 year. Gunshot injuries have not been analyzed in this study. The majority of the injuries were in the upper extremity (more than 87% of cases). Donor for nerve transplantation had usually been sural nerve, and only occasionally medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm was used. In about 93% of cases we used interfascicular nerve grafting, and cable nerve grafting was performed in the rest of them. Most of the grafts were 1 do 5 cm long (70% of cases). Functional recovery was achieved in more than 86% of cases, which is similar to the results of the other authors. Follow up period was minimum 2 years. We analyzed the influence of different factors on nerve recovery after the operation: patient?s age, location and the extent (total or partial) of nerve injury, the length of the nerve graft, type of the nerve, timing of surgery, presence of multiple nerve injuries and associated osseal and soft tissue injuries of the upper and lower extremities.

scholarly journals MODERN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF NERVE CONDUCTORS IN PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
O. O. Potapov ◽  
O. P. Kmyta ◽  
O. O. Tsyndrenko
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Nerve Recovery ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Peripheral nerve injuries account for 4 % of all injuries, and the consequences of trauma are a major medical and social problem, since they are characterized by a significant and long-term decline in limb function, and a high level of disability in patients. According to our data, up to 40% of patients sought specialized care for more than 6 months after the injury, and 19.9% were treated conservatively for an unreasonably long period of time. It led to an increase in the portion of unsatisfactory treatment results, since the prognosis of the further functional and useful degree of nerve recovery worsens with increasing time after injury. The main objective was to select the optimal option of biocompatible material for implementation in practice in case of traumatic peripheral nerve damage. Materials and methods. The analysis of medical literature for 2015–2020 was conducted. First of all, it should be noted that modern non-biological resorbable tubes are made of polyglycolic and polylactic acids. Non-resorbable tubes, including silicone, have shown undesirable effects, including axon compression during regeneration and the reaction of a fibrous foreign body. Hollow cylindrical tubes can be manufactured in several ways, such as electrospinning, crosslinking, physical film rolling, injection molding, melt extrusion, and braiding. Adequate surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries requires that the surgeon, in addition to an accurate knowledge of the anatomical details of the affected area, would also be familiar with microsurgical methods and had necessary equipment to operate. The main procedure in peripheral nerve surgery is the restoration of nerve continuity, which can be obtained by direct coaptation between the two ends of a severed nerve or by the introduction of nerve grafts to replace a defect in nerve tissue. Polyester is the most common synthetic material used in neural tissue engineering, along with polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and polyglycolic acid. In combination with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow, polylactic acid showed better results and accelerated the recovery of peripheral nerves. Polylactic acid directed the migration of Schwann's cells and induced the formation of a normal nervous structure. It was proved that the polycaprolactone material had an effect similar to that of autografts in nerve repair, and its characteristics were better than in a polylactic acid tube. Polyglycolic acid also possesses sufficient mechanical properties and can be used to repair a nerve defect. Artificial synthetic materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability with minimal toxicity. For the production of high-purity polymer monomers, which are necessary for the manufacture of the frame, much time and financial costs are required. Moreover, the elasticity and hardness of such materials are imperfect. Three main natural biomaterials are used in tissue repair: collagen, silk, and gelatin. Collagen tube is the most widely used biological material in clinical practice. Silk materials with the protein fibroin, which promote the release of certain substrates, such as nerve growth factor particles, and provide more nutrients and a more favorable microenvironment for nerve repair, are worth noticing. Silk fibroin has good compatibility with the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and supports cell growth. Gelatin materials are preferred due to the reduction of micromanipulation during nerve recovery. Natural biomaterials are easy to obtain in sufficient quantities; they have good biocompatibility and biodegradability and are easily absorbed by the body. However, each natural biomaterial has its drawbacks. Some of them are brittle or break down in a humid environment. Some natural materials are insoluble in water and traditional organic solvents, which limits their use. One of the most widely used biopolymers of natural origin is chitosan. Chitosan, derived by chitin deacetylation, plays a supporting, protective, and guiding role in the early stage of recovery of peripheral nerves and can provide a relatively stable, localized microenvironment during regeneration. Chitosan is absorbed and gradually decomposed in the late phase of recovery and regeneration of the nervous system. Issues regarding graphene-based nanomaterials use are considered. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with good optical, electrical and mechanical properties. It should be noted that when graphene nanoparticles incorporate into a chitosan or gelatin frame and are used to repair peripheral nerve damage in rats, this has contributed to the regeneration of the damaged nerve more quickly. Graphene also reduced the inflammatory response and accelerated the migration of endogenous neuroblasts. Hence, the use of these materials is not well understood due to the significant duration of recovery of the denervated proximal end of the nerve, so further research is needed to identify the advantages or disadvantages of their use.

Peripheral Nerve Injuries of the Shoulder in the Athlete

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis X. Mendoza ◽  
Kenneth Main
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries
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